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7/24/2019 Concrete Class 06b Water
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CONCRETE
TECHNOLOGYIng. Cristian Sotomayor
Ing. Andrs Sotil Chvez
Class 06b
Mixing Water
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Water that is safe to
drink is safe to use in
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WAT!
Ty"i#ally "resent in #on#rete bet$een %&' to(&' by vol)me
Water has ma*or roles +or #on#rete $or,ability
and hydration "ro#ess.
$-# ratio may be the most #riti#al +a#tor in the"rod)#tion o+ good )ality #on#rete.
Too m)#h $ater red)#es #on#rete strengthToo little $ater ma,es the #on#rete )n$or,able
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WAT! /1CTI21S
%3 !ea#t $ith #ement "o$der4 th)s "rod)#inghydration "rod)#ts
(3 A#t as a l)bri#ant4 #ontrib)ting to the$or,ability o+ the +resh mixt)re
53 Se#)re the ne#essary s"a#e in the "aste +or
the develo"ment o+ hydration "rod)#ts
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MII17 WAT!
I+ +resh $ater isn8t available4 $e may allo$ someim")rities i+ $e still obtain a reasonable #on#retemix
xam"le9 sea$ater may be )sed +or "lain
#on#rete4 b)t not +or rein+or#ed
A##e"table Criteria :ASTM C;day #om"ressive strength o+ mortar#)bes ;0' o+ strength o+ those made $ith+resh $ater
Sho)ld not a@e#t the set time signi#antly
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WAT! ISSS
x#essive im")rities in mixing $ater not onlymay a@e#t setting time and #on#rete strength4b)t also may #a)se9Bores#en#e
StainingCorrosion o+ rein+or#ementol)me instability!ed)#ed d)rability
Any "otable :drin,able3 $ater #an be )sed $iththe ex#e"tion o+Mineral $atersWater #ontaining s)gar
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Ty"i#al Water Analyses4 ""m
Chemicals City water SeawaterSilica (SiO2) 0 to 25
Iron (Fe) 0 to 0.2
Calcium (Ca) 1 to 100 50 to 480
Magnesium (Mg) 0 to 0 2!0 to 1410So"ium (#a) 1 to 225 21$0 to 12%200
&otassium (') 0 to 20 0 to 550
icar*onate (+CO) 4 to 550
Sul,ate (SO4
) 2 to 125 580 to 2810
C-lori"e (Cl) 1 to 00 $!0 to 20%000
#itrate (#O) 0 to 2
otal "issol/e" soli"s 20 to 1000 5%000
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Atomi# Absor"tion S"e#tro"hotomete
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A##e"tan#e Criteria +orD)estionable Water S)""lies
Limits Test method
Comressi/e strengt-%minimum ercentage o,
control at "as$0
SM C 10$ orS+O 10!
ime o, set% "e/iation ,romcontrol% -r3min.
,rom 1300 earlier to130 later
SM C 1$1 orS+O 11
ASTM C 94 or AASHTO M 157
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Chemi#al Eimits +or Mixing Water
Chemical or type of construction
Concentration,
Max. ppm Test method
C-lori"e% as Cl SM 512
&restresse" concrete or concrete in*ri"ge "ecs
500
Ot-er rein,orce" concrete containingaluminum or "issimilar metals orgal/ani6e" metal ,orms
1%000
Sul,ate% as SO4 %000 SM 51!
lalies% as (#a2O 7 0.!58 '2O) !00
otal soli"s 50%000 S+O 2!
ASTM C 94 or AASHTO M 157
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ACI 5%F Eimits +or Chloride Ion
Content in Con#reteGrestressed #on#rete 0.06'
!ein+or#ed #on#rete ex"osed
to #hloride in servi#e 0.%&'!ein+or#ed #on#rete that $ill
be dry or "rote#ted +rom
moist)re in servi#e %.00'
2ther rein+or#ed #on#rete
#onstr)#tion 0.50'
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A#id Waters
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WAS WAT!
Waste $ater +rom ready>mixed "lants is ahazardo)s s)bstan#e
Gra#ti#es "revented or limited by GA in#l)ded)m"ing at the *ob sited)m"ing at a landlld)m"ing into a "it at the ready>mix "lant
Can re)se it +or mixing ne$ #on#rete
se #hemi#al stabilizing admixt)res
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2T! EIMITATI21SGrevent im")rities in ra$ $ater
%3 S)s"ended solids Silt4 #lay4 "i"e $or, debris4 organi# matter and #olloids " to abo)t (000 ""m o+ s)s"ended #lay or silt #an be tolerated igher amo)nts may in#rease $ater demand4 in#rease drying
shrin,age or #a)se eBores#en#e
(3 Hissolved solids Colloids4 nonvolatile organi# #om"o)nds and salts
" to abo)t (000 ""m o+ total dissolved solids #an be#onsidered sa+e4 altho)gh it varies by #om"o)nd %00 ""m o+ sodi)m s)lde may #a)se "roblems4 $hile sea$ater
#an #ontain )" to 5
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WAT! /2! C!I17 A1H WASI17!e)irements +or #)ring $ater are less
stringent than mixing $ater be#a)se it is in#onta#t $ith the #on#rete +or only a relativelyshort time
1evertheless4 restri#tions do exist4 b)t thesame J"otableK $ater r)le a""lies
/or $ashing aggregates and e)i"ment4 thesame re)irements a""ly regarding im")rities
The s"e#i#ation are s)mmarized in ASTM
C;