Concrete Masonry Walls & Requirements for Partitions · 2019-05-26 · Concrete Masonry...

Concrete Masonry Construction

Cement & Concrete Association of New Zealand l www.ccanz.org.nzFIRTH Industries l www.firth.co.nz

Concrete Masonry Walls &

Requirements for Par titions

Ra l f Ke s s e l A r c h i t e c t ( N Z I A + G e r m a ny )

Cement & Concrete Associa t ion of New Zealand

&

FIRTH Industr ies

Presented by:



1. What is Concrete Masonry?

2. NZ Standards

3. Foundation

4. Walls

5. Bracing

7. Intertenancy Partitions

8. Sound Performance

6. Weathertightness

9. Fire Performance

10. Durability

11. Summary



1 What is Concrete Masonry?

What is Concrete Masonry? 1



CONCRETE BLOCKS

Block height - 200 mm nominal height, 190 mm actual height

REBAR

MORTAR

10 series: 100 mm nominal, 90 mm actual




Block width -

Block length - 400 mm nominal length, 390 mm actual length


GROUT

: bonded together by 10 mm cement mortar beddings

: structural Walls must be reinforced (eg. NZS 4229, Table 8.2.)

: infill to bonding reinforcement with wall

:







Running Bond and Stack BondRunning Bond




Stack Bond



• To AS/NZS 4456

Testing




1. Natural

2. Colour

3. Split

4. Honed

5. Veneer

Details available on www.firth.co.nz




1. Natural

2. Colour

3. Split

4. Honed

5. Veneer





1. Natural

2. Colour

3. Split

4. Honed

5. Veneer





1. Natural

2. Colour

3. Split

4. Honed

5. Veneer





1. Natural

2. Colour

3. Split

4. Honed

5. Veneer





1. Natural

2. Colour

3. Split

4. Honed

5. Veneer

www.herbstarchitects.co.nz




1. Natural

2. Colour

3. Split

4. Honed

5. Veneer




2 Standards providing guidance to masonry construction

Standards providing guidance to masonry construction 2



The following presentation contains material of NZS 4229:2013 –

Concrete masonry buildings not requiring specific engineering design.

This material has been provided by Standards New Zealand under licence 001131.

2Standards providing guidance to masonry construction



NZS 4210:2001 Masonry construction: Materials and workmanship

- Concrete, clay and natural stone

New Zealand Standards Standards providing guidance to masonry construction :

NZS 4229:2013 Concrete Masonry Buildings not requiring Specific Engineering Design

- has to comply with NZS 4210

NZS 4230:2004 Design of Reinforced Masonry Structures

- Covers masonry design that falls outside NZS 4229 scope

Other related Standards, e.g. NZS 3604, NZS 1170 etc.




• Cements, Aggregates, Water and Admixtures

• Material storage and handling

• Initial preparation

• Laying the units

• Reinforcement and placing

• Control joints

• Grouting

• Cleaning out

NZS 4210:2001 Masonry construction: Materials and workmanship

• Hot and cold weather construction

• Tolerances

• Chases, recesses, penetrations

• Bracing during construction

• Masonry strength

• Veneers

• Testing

• Maintenance





Observation by design engineer or LBP- Level B, NZS 4230




Scope:




Scope:




• Up to 2 ½ stories, max. 600m²

• Site Requirements

• Bracing

• Foundation

• Slab on Ground

• Walls

• Diaphragms

• Bond beams

• Lintels, Columns

• Shrinkage


APPENDIX

• Retaining walls

• Cantilevered walls

• Design examples

Observation by design engineer or LBP- Level B, NZS 4230




• Design requirements, material properties

• Design for durability

• Design for fire resistance

• Reinforcement

• Structural walls

• Beam-column joints

• Secondary structural elements

NZS 4230:2004 Design of Reinforced Masonry Structures

APPENDIX

• Prestressed masonry

• Compressive strengths

• Bolted connections

• Partial fill requirements

• Specific design for small buildings

• Veneers

- Observation by engineer - Level A, NZS 4230




3 Foundation

3Foundation



3Foundation

Rebate required if partially filled walls except EIFS or veneer installed (CCANZ CP 01).



9Bracing

1. 200 block fully filled

Table 6.1

2. Light roof

Figure 6.1

2.5m gable height



9Bracing

4.6 kN/m2 x 2.5m = 11.5 kN/m , for gable end add 4.6 kN/m2 x 2.5m/ 2 = 5.75 kN/m Total = 17.25 kN/m



9Bracing

add 4.2 kN/m

to long side’s wall weight of 11.5 kN/m

= 15.7 kN/m

4.2 kN/m

Gable wall = 17.25 kN/m

larger weight governs



3

Added weight of walls,

upper floors,

Roof, etc. = 17.25 kN/m

Pg 7

Foundation



3

Starter Bar

R6 @ 600mm ctrs

2 / D 12

Foundation



4 Walls

4Walls



4Walls

Mortar + block strength

12.5 Mpa

Tooling of joints

Even if wall is to be plastered

Mortar bed

Vertical joints must be no less

than the width of the face shell

Grouting

Compaction required for total

cavity filling, 17.5 MPa

Mortar

Reinforcing

Block

Void for grout fill



4Walls

Starter barClean out opening

Upside down block at bottom

• Vertical steel is

prefixed to starter

bars.

• Could be tied to

starter bars later

through clean out

openings.

• Horizontal steel is

fixed during

blocklaying



4Walls

Vertical bars shall be provided:

- at all corners and ends of walls

- on each side of wall openings > 400 mm

- either side of shrinkage control joints

Horizontal bars shall be provided:

- immediately below and above openings and anchored



4Walls

Reinforcement:

Structural walls shall be centrally reinforced, horizontally and vertically.



4Walls

Reinforcement:

Where solid fill is used

the spacing of horizontal reinforcing

shall be reduced to 1.2 m.



5Grouting

Grout specification

As per NZS 4210

Strength usually 17.5 MPa but

for durability requirements near

coast 25 MPa [ Sea spray zone ]

Special Expanding Admixture

may be specified

Workability is measured by

Spread (not slump)

450 mm to 530 mm



5Grouting

FOUR methods in NZS 4210:

1. High lift grouting with expansive admixtures (3.6m)

2. High lift grouting without expansive admixture (1.2m)

3. Low lift grouting (1.2m)

4. High lift grouting with reduced compaction (2.4m)

Preferred method:

1. High Lift grouting with expansive admixture



5Grouting

Step 1

Clean out grout spaces

High Lift Grout with Expansive Admixture

Step 2

Add expansion admixture

to grout.

Grout wall in a semi

continuous operation to a

max height of 3.6m



5Grouting

Step 3

Consolidate the grout

High Lift Grout with Expansive Admixture

Step 4

Wait for expansion and then trowel down top

after expansion



6Shrinkage

@ ≤ 600mm of L-shaped corners or at ≤ 3.2m at both sides of the L.

@ ≤ 600mm of return angle of T- and U- shaped floors.

@ Changes in wall thickness

@ Changes in wall height exceeding 600mm



6Shrinkage

Wall Reinforcement Discontinuous - NZS 4229 Fig 12.2

CONTINUOUS Reinforcement at Bond Beams and Lintels ! !



5 Bracing

6Bracing



6Bracing

Earthquake and wind bracing - to resist earthquakes and winds

Braced wall panel - wall used for bracing:

Maximum allowed opening 400 mm x 400 mm

Maximum height 3 m

Minimum length 800 mm

Bracing unit (BU) - Unit of force used to value the overall bracing performance of a panel

1 BU = 5kg, 20 BU = 1kN (200 BU = 1 t or 10kN)



6Bracing

Bracing line - Line drawn along a bracing wall:

Is parallel to external walls

Shall be within 1 m of a bracing wall

Spaced at no more than 6 m centres unless bond beam is provided

≥ 60% of total required BUs (and at least 100 Bus)

or ≥ 30% of total required BUs if other line provides 100%



6Bracing

Earthquake bracing demand (EQbd) is determined by:

EQ zone from NZS 4229:2013, Table 4.1

Subsoil Type from NZS 4229:2013, Table 4.3

Floor level considered as per NZS 4229:2013, Table 4.3

Dead loads (roofing as per NZS 4229:2013, Table 4.3)

Live loads NZS 4229, Table 4.3 considers already 2 kPa

Footprint size



6Bracing

1. Located in Wellington

Table 4.1

2. 200 block fully filled

Table 6.1

3. Roof light

Figure 6.1

4. Subsoil Class C

Table 4.3

2.5m gable height



6Bracing

Wellington 3



6Bracing

28 x 1.4 = 39.2 BU/m2

102.4 m2 x 31 BU/m2 = 3174 BUs

EQ: NZS 4229, T 4.3 - Floor level, Dead loads (roof), Live loads (floors), EQ zone, Subsoil Class

39.2 x 0.79 = 31 BU/m2



6Bracing



398

1.4

6Bracing



6Bracing

Combined bracing lines have to achieve calculated BUs (across & aligned) = 3174.

Add BU for one bracing line up!

Exp: Line A: 820 + 398 + 398 + 820 = 2436

Each bracing line shall achieve at least 60% of total BUs.

Exp: ≥ 60% of 3174 = 1904



6Weathertightness

6 Weathertightness



6Weathertightness

C C A N Z C P 0 1 : 2 0 1 4

C I T E D : N Z B C E 2 / A S 3

W W W. C C A N Z . O RG. N Z

( F R E E D O W N L O A D )



6Weathertightness

Wall construction types:

A1 - Concrete masonry - Internal insulation

A2 - Concrete masonry - EIFS

A3 - Concrete masonry - Integral insulation

A4 - Concrete masonry - Masonry veneer

B1 - Insitu concrete - Internal insulation

B2 - Insitu concrete - EIFS

B3 - Insitu concrete - Integral insulation

C1 - Precast concrete - Internal insulation

C2 - Precast concrete - EIFS, and

C3 - Precast concrete - Integral insulation



6Weathertightness

1. EIFS - Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems

2. Plaster Systems

3. Pigmented Coatings

4. Clear Sealers

5. Masonry Veneer



6Weathertightness

EIFS

Exterior Insulation

and

Finish Systems

Foundation



6Weathertightness

Deck / Wall Joint

EIFS

Exterior Insulation

and

Finish Systems



Ext. moisture seal

Int. moisture seal

Insulation strip

Render end section

Seal, eg. compression tapeDrip edge

jambhead

EIFS

Exterior Insulation

and

Finish Systems

6Weathertightness



Window – EIFS sill

EIFS

6Weathertightness



Veneer

6Weathertightness



Wall ties

Type and location as per NZS 4210

Ties to be fully embedded in mortar

Typical spacing-

600mm horizontally x 400mm vertically

except stack bond

Stack bond requires specific design

6Weathertightness



Table 5 Masonry veneer area/tie

Earthquake

zone

Area of masonry veneer attached to each Type B veneer tie of the duty specified (m2)

Veneer less than 180 kg/m2 Veneer 180 kg/m2 – 220 kg/m2

EL EM EH EL EM EH

1 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.20 0.24 0.24

2 0.16 0.24 0.24 0.13 0.20 0.24

3 0.11 0.16 0.24 0.09 0.13 0.24

4 0.08* 0.12 0.23 0.07* 0.11 0.22

* Some small veneer areas may be impracticable.

NOTES:

a) The earthquake zones are as defined in NZS 4229, section 4.2.

b) Type B veneer ties are specified in AS/ NZS 2699.1, section 1.4.15.2.

c) EL, EM, EH = Earthquake classification of Type B ties in accordance with AS/ NZS 2699.1, 2.7.3.

d) Minimum strengths for tie fixings to blockwork are: 0.5 kN (EL), 0.75 kN (EM), and 1.5 kN (EH).

e) The horizontal tie spacing multiplied by the vertical tie spacing selected shall be equal or less than the area of masonry veneer given for the

earthquake zone and the veneer mass. The maximum spacing of ties shall be 600 mm horizontal and 400 mm vertical.

f) Using higher strength ties does not permit the maximum spacing of ties to be increased.

g) Ties shall be face fixed to blockwork or fully embedded in the structural masonry wall joint.

6Weathertightness



Window - ventilated cavity jamb

Veneer

6Weathertightness



Window - ventilated cavity head

Veneer

6Weathertightness



Window - ventilated cavity sill

Veneer

6Weathertightness



Veneer- horizontal section

Solid to light weight

6Weathertightness



Veneer - vertical section


6Weathertightness



EIFS - horizontal section


6Weathertightness



EIFS - vertical section


6Weathertightness



Plaster, coating - horizontal section


6Weathertightness



Plaster, coating - vertical


6Weathertightness



Maintenance

Wash exterior surfaces to remove dirt and mould at least once in a year.

Inspect surfaces and junctions at least once in a year.

Repair cracks and surface defects, and recoat as soon as discovered.

Inspect sealants annually and replace sealants as necessary.

Inspect paints annually, recoat at least every 10 years.

Inspect clear sealers annually, recoat at least every 5 years.

Maintain required clearances as shown in the details in section 9 of CP 01.

6Weathertightness



8 Intertenancy Partions

8Intertenancy Partitions



INTERTENANCY WALLS - VERTICAL BARRIER BETWEEN RESIDENTIAL UNITS

LOAD BEARING OR NON LOAD BEARING

INTERTENANCY FLOORS - HORIZONTAL BARRIER BETWEEN RESIDENTIAL UNITS

LOAD BEARING - ALWAYS



INTERTENANCY WALLS

REQUIREMENTS:

1Sound Barrier



INTERTENANCY FLOORS

REQUIREMENTS:

1Impact Sound



INTERTENANCY WALLS + FLOORS

REQUIREMENTS:

2 Fire Protection



REQUIREMENTS:

3 Light and vision proof




REQUIREMENTS:

4 Impact resistant




INTERTENANCY WALLS

REQUIREMENTS:

5 Durable against moisture and water



REQUIREMENTS:


INTERTENANCY FLOORS



REQUIREMENTS:

6 Capable to support fixtures

INTERTENANCY WALLS




REQUIREMENTS:

7 Security,

eg buglarproof




1 Sound barrier, (airborne)

2 Fire protection

3 Light and vision proof

4 Impact resistant


6 Capable to support fixtures

7 Security, eg buglarproof

INTERTENANCY PARTITIONS

REQUIREMENTS:



9 Sound Performance

9Sound Performance



SOUND PERFORMANCE APARTMENT DWELLERS SURVEYS

Wellington Council Survey - Biggest nuisance: noise from city and neighbours

Medical research - Noise disturbance: negative effect to health

CRESA Survey- 12% dwellers stated to have moved because of sound disturbance



1 . A I R B OR N E S OU N D :

2 . I M PAC T S O U N D : F O O T S T E P S

D O O R S S L A M M I N G

P L A N T D E V I C E V I B R AT I N G

N O I S E D I S T U R B A N C E

T R A F F I C

R O A D W O R K S

P E O P L E G AT H E R I N G



A I R B O R N E S O U N D N U I S A N C E



SOUND N U I S A N C E

www.luxuo.com



SOUND N U I S A N C E

www.sciencedaily.comwww.luxuo.com



S O U N D S O U R C E S

7590

≤ 30≤ 35



N Z B C G 6 / A S 1 R E Q U I R E S

5 5 D B A I R B O R N E S O U N D AT T E N U AT I O N

STC 55 - 150 mm concrete wall

STC 55 - 200 mm concrete masonry

STC 55 - 150 mm concrete slab





IIC 55 - 150 mm concrete slab with underlay and carpet on top

N Z B C G 6 / A S 1 R E Q U I R E S

5 5 D B I M PAC T S O U N D AT T E N U AT I O N





Concrete wall

Sound insulation strip

to avoid flanking via walls

Floating screed

Impact sound insulation

Concrete slab

F LOAT I N G

S C R E E D



S O U N D AT T E N U AT I O N

M A S S - A I R B O R N E S O U N D

D E C O U P L I N G - I M PAC T S O U N D



10 Fire Performance

10Fire Performance



F I R E S A F E T Y

www.architectsjournal.co.uk



S R I N K L E R S

I N T U M E S C E N T PA I N T

C L A D D I N G S

C O N C R E T E

C O N C R E T E M A S O N RY

F I R E P R O T E C T I O N



60 minutes - structural stability and material integrity

30 minutes - SPRINKLER with smoke detection and alarm system installed

N Z B C C L AU S E C / A S 2

AUTO SHUT VALVES at water reservoirs prevent water loss in earthquake events

NO WATER supply during/ after EARTHQUAKES

P R O B L E M W I T H S P R I N K L E R



S T E E L F I R E P R O T E C T I O N :

Intumescent paint - max 3hrs



L I G H T F R A M E F I R E

P R OT E C T I O N :

4hrs - 4 boards each side - 210mm



• NZS 4320

Fire Performance



11 Durability

11Durability



• 13 year old building. Leaked from day One. 80 % structural timber replacement.

• Anticipated 70 % of apartment buildings leak during life time.

• Leaking water hardly compromises solid structures. Solution = sealing of leaks.

• Five years old building. Leaks caused rust of steel structure. Structural replacements.



WAT E R DA M AG E

www.generalplasterboardrepairs.com.au



C H O O S I N G

A S U I TA B L E

M AT E R I A L



W H AT

I F

T H E

P RO T E C T I O N

W I L L B E

DA M AG E D ?

T H E

S T R U C T U R E

I S U N P RO T E C T E D

A N D

W I L L N O T P E R F O R M

A S R E Q U I R E D



F 180 + STC 55 100 %

F 60 + STC 55 100 %

CONCRETE MASONRY METAL TIMBER

CONCRETE MASONRY + CONCRETE OFFER DURABLE SOLUTION !

94 % 90 %85 %

94 % 120 %115 %

PARTITIONS COSTS - PROPORTIONAL BASED ON RAWLINSON HANDBOOK 2014



N E W C L AU S E G 6 E X P E C T E D

L I N I N G S F O R A D D I T I O N A L S O U N D AT T E N UAT I O N

L I N I N G S F O R F I N E F I N I S H E S

L I N I N G S T O H I D I N G I N S TA L L AT I O N S

A LT E R N AT I V E TO C O N C R E T E O R M A S O N RY F I N I S H

R E M E D I A L WO R K , P LU M B I N G, E L E C T R I C A L

L I N I N G S L I G H T W E I G H T, E A S Y T O I N S TA L L

I N T E R N A L U N I T D I V I S I O N S



SUMMARY

SUMMARY



• Smaller households

• More immigrants

• Lack of land

AUCKLAND HERALD: 7 SEP 2015

SUMMARY



AUCKLAND HERALD: 7 SEP 2015

90 per cent sold

100 per cent sold

95 per cent

100 per cent sold

IMPORTANCE OF DURABILITY

LIFE SAVINGS AT RISK

New developments

BUYERS DON’T KNOW WHAT THEY BUY

SUMMARY



MOR E I NF OR MAT ION :

C C A N Z A PA RT M E N T D E S I G N G U I D E

W W W. C C A N Z . O RG. N Z

SUMMARY



Thanks for your attention !

Ra l f Ke s s e l A r c h i t e c t (N Z + G e r )

Cement & Concrete Associa t ion of New Zealand

www.ccanz .org.nz

Date post:	27-Feb-2020
Category:	Documents
Upload:	others
View:	6 times
Download:	0 times

Concrete Masonry Walls & Requirements for Partitions · 2019-05-26 · Concrete Masonry...

Documents