2009 International Builders Show Concrete MasonrySustainable Construction

National Concrete Masonry Association 1

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Concrete Masonry Sustainable Construction

Dennis W. GraberNational Concrete Masonry Association

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What is the size of your footprint?

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Definition of Sustainability

1987 UN World Commission on Environment and Development

Sustainable development meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

Test

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U.S. Building Impacts:

12%Water Use

30%GreenhouseGas Emissions

65%WasteOutput

70%ElectricityConsumption

Test

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Average Savings of Green Buildings

ENERGYSAVINGS

30%

CARBONSAVINGS

35%

WATERUSE

SAVINGS30-50%

WASTECOST

SAVINGS50-90%

Source:Capital E

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Can you recognize “green”construction when you see it?

Consider the extremes:

Straw bale construction •Very ‘green’•Inexpensive•Good thermal characteristics•Limited durability.

Titanium construction•Very durable•Expensive

2009 International Builders Show Concrete MasonrySustainable Construction

National Concrete Masonry Association 2

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Masonry Construction

Roman aqueducts – 150 AD

Giza Pyramids - ~3500 BC

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Modern Concrete Masonry Construction

Balance of extremes:Provides the ease of

maintenance and long-term durability at an affordable price.

But, may not be enough to convince the “build-and-unload”owner looking to maximum profit with straw bale construction.

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“Green” ConstructionAdvantages of Concrete Masonry:• Lower maintenance costs• Use of recycled materials• Reduced operating costs• Flexibility in design• Lower life cycle assessment costs (cradle to

grave)• Security (fire, hurricanes, tornadoes, etc)

Does this make it “green”?10

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NAHB Green Home

Rating System

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Points Required for the Three Different Levels of Green Building

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Green Building Certification

PeoplePeople

ProductsProducts

BuildingsBuildings

2009 International Builders Show Concrete MasonrySustainable Construction

National Concrete Masonry Association 3

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Lot Design, Preparation, and Development-- Erosion and Sedimentation ControlErosion and Sedimentation Control-- Site SelectionSite Selection-- Development DensityDevelopment Density-- Brownfield RedevelopmentBrownfield Redevelopment-- Alternative TransportationAlternative Transportation-- Reduced Site DisturbanceReduced Site Disturbance-- Stormwater ManagementStormwater Management-- Heat Island EffectHeat Island Effect-- Light PollutionLight Pollution

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Lot Design, Preparation, and Development-- Erosion and Sedimentation ControlErosion and Sedimentation Control-- Site SelectionSite Selection-- Development DensityDevelopment Density-- Brownfield RedevelopmentBrownfield Redevelopment-- Alternative TransportationAlternative Transportation-- Reduced Site DisturbanceReduced Site Disturbance-- Stormwater ManagementStormwater Management-- Heat Island EffectHeat Island Effect-- Light PollutionLight Pollution

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Lot Design, Preparation, and Development-- Erosion and Sedimentation ControlErosion and Sedimentation Control-- Site SelectionSite Selection-- Development DensityDevelopment Density-- Brownfield RedevelopmentBrownfield Redevelopment-- Alternative TransportationAlternative Transportation-- Reduced Site DisturbanceReduced Site Disturbance

••Development FootprintDevelopment Footprint-- Stormwater ManagementStormwater Management-- Heat Island EffectHeat Island Effect-- Light PollutionLight Pollution

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Lot Design, Preparation, and Development-- Erosion and Sedimentation ControlErosion and Sedimentation Control-- Site SelectionSite Selection-- Development DensityDevelopment Density-- Brownfield RedevelopmentBrownfield Redevelopment-- Alternative TransportationAlternative Transportation--Reduced Site DisturbanceReduced Site Disturbance-- Stormwater ManagementStormwater Management-- Heat Island EffectHeat Island Effect-- Light PollutionLight Pollution

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Objectives: to extend the life of existing building stock, conserve resources, reduce waste and reduce environmental impact of new buildings as they relate to materials manufacturing and transport.

Resource Efficiency

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• Reduce Quantity of Materials and Waste– Utilizing modular construction

(increments of 8 inches minimizes cutting and waste.

– Units not used on a project can be utilized on another project or recycled.

Resource Efficiency

2009 International Builders Show Concrete MasonrySustainable Construction

National Concrete Masonry Association 4

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• Enhance Durability and Reduce Maintenance– Architectural units do

not need repainting and are very aesthetically pleasing.

– Life of concrete masonry is 100+ years.

Resource Efficiency

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• Reuse Materials– Consider reuse of existing building rather than

new construction.

Resource Efficiency

⇒Masonry buildings are likely candidates for reuse because of their durability.

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Resource Efficiency

• Use Recycled Content Materials

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Examples of “green” materials for concrete masonry production

Cement Replacements– Fly ash– Granulated blast furnace slag cement– Other pozzolans

Aggregate Replacements– Bottom ash– Plastics– Glass– Rubber– Other Fly ash

– waste product from coal

burning plants

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• Recycle Waste Materials During Construction– Consider reuse of existing building rather than new

construction.⇒Masonry buildings are likely candidates for

reuse because of their durability.

Resource Efficiency

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Construction Waste Mgmt.

• New construction: – Saw-cut or scrap masonry materials can be

crushed and recycled into new masonry materials.

– Intact, unused masonry materials can be used on another project or donated to a charity.

2009 International Builders Show Concrete MasonrySustainable Construction

National Concrete Masonry Association 5

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Construction Waste Mgmt.• Demolition:

– Masonry materials can be crushed and recycled into new masonry materials.

– CMU can be crushed and used as aggregate for road beds or construction fill.

– Crushed clay brick can be recycled as brick chips for landscaping.

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Resource Reuse

• Use salvaged, refurbished or reused materials, products and furnishings

• Strategies: Reuse clay brick and masonry paving units.⇒Concerns associated with reusing

mortared brick include bond and unit specifications.

⇒Sand set pavers can easily be reused.

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Regional Materials

• Intent: Increase demand for building materials that are manufactured locally.

• Strategies: Choose materials manufactured locally.⇒Most masonry materials are manufactured

locally.

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Regional Materials

• Intent: Increase demand for building materials that are extracted and manufactured locally.

• Most masonry materials are made from locally extracted materials.

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• Recycle Waste Materials During Construction– Consider reuse of existing building rather than new

construction.⇒Masonry buildings are likely candidates for

reuse because of their durability.

Resource Efficiency

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Energy Efficiency

Benefits of

Thermal Mass

Use masonry toUse masonry to::

•• Reduce peak heating and cooling Reduce peak heating and cooling loads.loads.

•• Shift peak heating and cooling loads Shift peak heating and cooling loads to nonto non--peak hours.peak hours.

••Moderate indoor temperature swings.Moderate indoor temperature swings.

••Reduce the size of HVAC systems.Reduce the size of HVAC systems.

••Reduce energy requirements for Reduce energy requirements for parking lot lighting. parking lot lighting. (ID credit)(ID credit)

2009 International Builders Show Concrete MasonrySustainable Construction

National Concrete Masonry Association 6

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Insulation strategies

Taking advantage of thermal mass properties / equivalent R-value

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Resource Efficiency

• Innovative Options– Life cycle

considerations

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2 Automatic Suppression Systems(Sprinkler Systems)

Automatic Detection Systems (Alarms)1

Compartmentation -using non-combustible materials (Masonry)

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Innovation in DesignInnovation in Design•• Fire protection through balanced designFire protection through balanced design

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Innovation in DesignInnovation in Design•• Fire protection through balanced designFire protection through balanced design

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ASTM E 119 -Would you believe that these are both 2-hour rated walls?

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ExitEgress Protection

Hardened walls

Robustness in FiresStair and Elevator Shafts

2009 International Builders Show Concrete MasonrySustainable Construction

National Concrete Masonry Association 7

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How Much Does Fire Safe

Construction Cost

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Wood FrameWood Floor

Light Steel FrameConcrete Floor over Steel Deck

Loadbearing MasonryPrecast Floors

Precast WallsPrecast Floors

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MASONRY & PRECAST SINGLE BEDROOM SCHEME $ 14,316,223 105

MASONRY & PRECAST MULTIPLE BEDROOM SCHEME $ 14,440,514 101

CONVENTIONAL WOOD FRAMING SINGLE BEDROOM SCHEME $ 13,636,238 100

CONVENTIONAL WOOD FRAMING MULTIPLE BEDROOM SCHEME $ 14,262,504 100

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Next Steps

• Additional cities (more than 25)

• Executive summary

• Insurance savings study

• Life cycle / energy study

2009 International Builders Show Concrete MasonrySustainable Construction

National Concrete Masonry Association 8

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Innovation in DesignInnovation in Design•• AcousticsAcoustics

Performance measured by sound

transmission classification (STC)

Performance measured by noise

reduction coefficient (NRC)

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Innovation in designInnovation in design•• Indoor air qualityIndoor air quality

Eliminating or reducing VOC emitting wallsEliminating or reducing VOC emitting wallsand floorings. Specify durable exposed materials and floorings. Specify durable exposed materials that require no surface treatment.that require no surface treatment.

Reducing or Reducing or eliminating eliminating use of mold use of mold susceptible susceptible materialsmaterials

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Life Cycle Assessment

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ASTM E 2432Guide for General Principles of Sustainability Relative to Buildings

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• Form and function• Versatile designs• Long-term durability• Fire-resistant• Energy efficient• Sound insulation• Strength

Sustainable

Why choose masonry?Why choose masonry?

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Questions?

703-713-1900