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CONDENSATION
Chapter 17Test 4 material
End
CLOUDS ARE THE VISIBLE PRODUCTS OF CONDENSATION AND DEPOSITION WITHIN THE ATMOSPHERE.
WE NEED A NUCLEI AS A SURFACE FOR CONDENSATION TO TAKE PLACE
CONDENSATION NUCLEI
FOREST FIRES VOLCANOES WIND EROSION SEA WAVES POLLEN CHIMNEY SMOKE
CLOUDS
ARE VISIBLE EVIDENCE OF MOISTURE WITHIN THE ATMOSPHERE
CLASSIFIED BY THEIR APPEARANCE AND THEIR ALTITUDE ABOVE THE SURFACE
BY APPEARANCE
CIRRUS OR CIRRO = FEATHERY STRATUS OR STRATO = LAYERED CUMULUS OR CUMULO = PUFFY NIMBO OR NIMBUS = RAIN FRACTO OR FRACTUS = BROKEN
HIGH CLOUDS
FOUND AT ALTITUDES ABOVE 20,000 FEET
TEMPERATURES ARE SO LOW THAT CLOUDS ARE COMPOSED SOLELY OF ICE CRYSTALS
PREFIX CIRRO DENOTES HIGH CLOUD
TYPES OF HIGH CLOUDS
CIRRUS - ALSO CALLED MARE’S TAILS BECAUSE THEY LOOK LIKE STRANDS OF HORSE HAIR
HIGH CLOUD
CIRROSTRATUS - ARE NEARLY TRANSPARENT SO THAT SUN OR MOON SHINES THROUGH
OFTEN SEE HALO AROUND THEM WHICH CAN BE PREDICTOR OF RAIN BECAUSE THESE ARE CLOUDS SEEN PRECEDING A WARM FRONT
CIRROSTATUS
HIGH CLOUD
CIRROCUMULUS - CONSIST OF SMALL WHITE PUFFS ARRANGED IN A WAVELIKE PATTERN
CALLED A MACKERAL SKY BECAUSE IT LOOKS SIMILAR TO FISH SCALES
MIDDLE CLOUDS
HAVE A BASE BETWEEN 6,500 TO 20,000 FEET ABOVE THE SURFACE
COMPOSED OF ICE CRYSTALS OR SUPERCOOLED WATER DROPLETS OR BOTH
PREFIX ALTO IS USED TO DENOTE MIDDLE CLOUD
MIDDLE CLOUDS
ALTO STRATUS - UNIFORMLY GRAY OR WHITE AND USUALLY SO THICK THAT SUN IS DIMLY VISIBLE (SAID TO LOOK LIKE FROSTED GLASS)
CAN DISTINGUISH THESE FROM CIRRO STRATUS (SHADOW ON GROUND) BECAUSE THERE WOULD BE NO SHADOW
MIDDLE CLOUDS
ALTOCUMULUS - CONSIST OF PATCHES THAT FORM LINES OR WAVES
HAVE LARGER SIZE AND SHARPER FEATURES THAN CIRROCUMULUS
LOW CLOUDS
HAVE BASES FROM THE EARTH SURFACE (FOG) TO 6,500 FEET ABOVE SURFACE
COMPOSED OF WATER DROPLETS NO PREFIX DESIGNATION
LOW CLOUDS
STRATOCUMULUS - CONSIST OF LARGE PUFFS ARRANGED IN LAYERS
NIMBOSTRATUS - DARK GRAY CLOUDS THAT GO FROM HORIZON TO HORIZON AND CONTAIN PRECIPITATION
LOW CLOUDS
STRATUS - OCCUR AS A UNIFORM GRAY LAYER THAT STRECHES FROM HORIZON TO HORIZON
MAY GET DRIZZLE FROM THESE CLOUDS
FOGS
ADVECTION - WARM MOIST AIR OVER A WATER SURFACE BLOWS OVER A COOLER LAND SURFACE (ALSO KNOWN AS COASTAL FOG)
RADIATION - DUE TO NIGHT-TIME RADIATIONAL COOLING. FOUND IN LOW-LYING AREAS AND BURNS OFF BY AM
Advection fog
Radiation fog
FOGS
FRONTAL - DUE TO UPLIFTING OF AIR ALONG THE PASSAGE OF FRONTS. CAN BE WIDESPREAD AND LONG LASTING.
UPSLOPE - OCCURS AS AIR MOVES UP A SLOPE. SMOKEY MOUNTAINS
Upslope fog
FOGS
STEAM - ALSO KNOWN AS EVAPORATION FOG. FOUND OVER WATERBODIES IN FALL OR EARLY WINTER AS WATER TEMPERATURE IS HIGHER THAN SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURES
Steam fog
CLOUDS OF VERTICAL DEVELOPMENT
CUMULUS - OCCURS AS AIR RISES VERTICALLY TO ABOUT 3000-6500 FEET.
RESEMBLE PUFFS OR COTTON BALLS
CAN GO THROUGH STAGES OF VERTICAL DEVELOPMENT AS UNSTABLE AIR RISES
CUMULONIMBUS
UNUSUAL CLOUDS
ALTOCUMULUS LENTICULARIS - ALSO KNOWN AS LENTICULAR CLOUD AND FOUND NEAR MOUNTAIN RANGES.
BANNER - DRAPED OVER THE TOP OF MOUNTAIN LIKE A FLAG
CONTRAIL
TYPES OF PRECIPITATION
VIRGA MIST DRIZZLE - STRATUS RAIN - NIMBOSTRATUS OR
CUMULONIMBUS FREEZING RAIN (GLAZE)
VIRGA
SLEET SNOW HAIL
HOW DOES IT RAIN?
COLLISION-COALESCENCE BERGERON PROCESS
Rain
SNOW
HEXAGONAL NEEDLES DENDRITES PLATES COLUMNS SIZE DEPENDS UPON TEMPERATURE TOO COLD OR TOO WARM? 10 INCHES SNOW= 1 INCH RAIN
HAIL
RANGE IN SIZE FROM A PEA TO AS LARGE AS A GRAPEFRUIT
2 POUNDS AND AS LARGE AS A SOFTBALL
SOMETIMES USE SNOWPLOWS TO CLEAR HAIL FROM HIGHWAYS (18 INCHES OF HAIL) IN GREAT PLAINS
GIANT HAIL STONE
WEATHER MODIFICATION
ANY CHANGE IN WEATHER THAT IS INDUCED BY HUMAN ACTIVITY
MAY BE EITHER INTENTIONAL OR INADVERTENT
CLOUD SEEDING
TRY TO SIMULATE THE BERGERON PROCESS BY INJECTING NUCLEATING AGENTS SUCH AS SILVER IODIDE INTO CLOUDS
FOG DISPERSAL
USED TO BURN OFF FOG IN WORLD WAR II BY ROYAL AIR FORCE (RAF) ALONG RUNWAYS
MAY ALSO SEED CLOUDS TO GET RAIN WHICH WASHES AWAY FOG
HAIL SUPPRESSION
CHURCH BELLS HAIL CANNONS ROCKETS CLOUD SEEDING NOT VERY SUCCESSFUL
FROST AND FREEZE CONTROL
WHERE CROPS ARE PLANTED SMOKE OR MIST CLOUDS FANS BURNERS SPRAYING MIST HOT CAPS
TEST 4 REVIEW
Stop fall 2008
TRUE ABOUT OZONE
IT IS A TRACE ELEMENT IN OUR AIR CONCENTRATED IN MESOSPHERE EASY FOR US TO BREATH IT LAYER OF OVER 100 FEET THICK
TRACE ELEMENT
32 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT = ? DEGREES CELSIUS
251 32 0 -40
0
HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT MEANS
HEATS UP QUICKLY LOSES HEAT QUICKLY HOLDS HEAT LONGER NONE OF THESE
HOLDS HEAT LONGER
PRODUCES HALO AROUND SUN OR MOON
CIRROSTRATUS ALTOCUMULUS STRATOCUMULUS ALTOSTRATUS
CIRROSTRATUS
DUE TO NIGHT TIME RADIATIONAL COOLING
ADVECTION FOG RADIATION FOG FRONTAL FOG STEAM FOG
RADIATION FOG
CLOUD WITH HIGHEST CLOUD BASE
STRATUS CUMULONIMBUS ALTOCUMULUS CIRRUS
CIRRUS
USE DALR – IF SURFACE TEMP = 30 - ? AT 2000M
25 20 10 7
10
CALULATE CDD’S IF HI=95 & LOW = 85
35 25 15 0
25
EVAPORATION FROM WATER BODIES IS:
GREATER THAN THAT FROM LAND LESS THAN THAT FROM LAND EQUAL TO THAT FROM LAND NONE OF THESE
GREATER THAN