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Condensed Tannins: Potential as a

Tool for Controlling ParasiticWorms in Small Ruminants

Dr. Harish & Purvi Kakrani

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7/26/2011 2Dr. Harish Kakrani & Purvi Kakrani

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CONTROL MEASURES

Traditional

Anthelmintics

Management

Novel

Vaccines

Resistance/Tolerance

Condensed tannins

Nematode-trapping fungi7/26/2011 3Dr. Harish Kakrani & Purvi Kakrani

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CONDENSED TANNINS (CT) CT-containing forages

Sericea lespedeza

Birdsfoot trefoil

Big trefoil

Sainfoin

Leucaena

Purified CT

Quebracho

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CONDENSED TANNINS IN

FORAGES

Vary in concentration

Alfalfa (none)

Birdsfoot trefoil (2-3 %)

Big trefoil (4-5 %)

Sericea lespedeza (6-7 %)

Canary clover (14%)

Vary in reactivity

Birdsfoot trefoil CT (low reactivity)

Sericea lespedeza CT (high reactivity)7/26/2011 5Dr. Harish Kakrani & Purvi Kakrani

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CONDENSED TANNINS IN

RUMINANT DIETS Plant CT - occur in free and bound forms

CT binds to protein at neutral pH (rumen)

CT disassociates from protein under acid

conditions (abomasum)

CT not absorbed from the GIT

7/26/2011 6Dr. Harish Kakrani & Purvi Kakrani

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CONDENSED TANNINS Can have positive and negative effects on

the nutrition and health of ruminant animals

through influence on utilization of nutrients

Concentration and reactivity of CT are

important considerations

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BENEFICAL EFFECTS OF

CONDENSED TANNINS

Increased net absorption of EAAs

Increased wool growth and growth rate

Increased liveweight gain

Higher ovulation rate

Higher milk yield Reduced bloat

Reduced detrimental effects of internal

parasites7/26/2011 8Dr. Harish Kakrani & Purvi Kakrani

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DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS OF

CONDENSED TANNINS

Reduced dry matter intake

Decreased fiber digestibility Reduced wool growth

Reduced digestion of amino acids in SI

Reduced N and S digestion

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RESEARCH ON ANTHELMINTIC

EFFECTS OF CONDENSED TANNINS

In vitro experiments with purified CT

Grazing trials/feeding trials with CT-

containing forages

Feeding trials with purified CT

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IN VITRO EXPERIMENTS

WITH PURIFIED CT CT extracted from various forages, purified

Birdsfoot trefoil

Big trefoil

Sulla

Sainfoin

Dock

Quebracho

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IN VITRO EXPERIMENTS

WITH PURIFIED CT Tested effects on development/viability of

parasite larvae

Haemonchus contortus

Trichostrongylus colubriformis

Teladorsagia circumcincta

Effects on egg hatching

T. colubriformis

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RESULTS CT from all of the different forages greatly

reduced hatching ofT. colubriformis eggs

4 % CT, no viable eggs

2 % CT, small number of eggs developed (2-

11%) for some CT types

Development ofT. colubriformis larvae from L1

to L3 stage

4 % CT, 3 to 8 % of larvae developed

2 % CT, 4 to 18 % of larvae developed7/26/2011 13

Dr. Harish Kakrani & Purvi Kakrani

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RESULTS (Cont.) Quebracho CT reduced viability of L3

larvae from H. contortus, T. circumcincta

and T. colubriformis

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ANTHELMINTIC EFFECTS OF CT-

CONTAINING FORAGES: SULLA

Grazing trials

Increased growth of parasitized lambs

compared to non-CT forage (afalfa)

Reduced egg counts

Reduced worm burdens

Feeding trialsIncreased liveweight gain in deer

Reduced number of abomasal nematodes

Increased immune response in lambs7/26/2011 1

5Dr. Harish Kakrani & Purvi Kakrani

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ANTHELMINTIC EFFECTS OF CT-CONTAINING

FORAGES: SERICEA LESPEDEZA

Grazing trial comparing sericea lespedeza

and rye/crabgrass pasture for goats

Goats naturally infected, mostlyH. contortus

Lower FEC and total egg output for goats

grazing lespedeza

88 % less development from egg stage to L3larvae in feces from lespedeza goats

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ANTHELMINTIC EFFECTS OF PURIFIED CT

Feeding trials with quebracho CT

Sheep artificially infected with eitherH. contortus, T.

circumcincta or T. colubriformis Fed quebracho CT extract at 4, 8, and 16% of intake

Reduced FEC from intestinal worms with increasing

level of CT in the diet

Intestinal worm burden lowest in sheep fed CT at 8 %of intake

No effect on FEC or worm burden from sheep infected

with abomasal worms

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ANTHELMINTIC EFFECTS OF CT:

SUMMARY

Indirect effects

Increased rumen by-pass protein

Increased AA absorption to overcome effects of

parasitism

Improved immune function

Direct effectsToxic to parasite adult worms or larvae

Reduced egg viability in feces

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CONCLUSIONS Condensed tannins in forages or in pure

form have potential to reduce effects of

parasitism in small ruminants

Further research is needed to evaluate CT as

a component of an integrated parasite

control program for goats and sheep

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