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The Key
Miguel RodríguezJosé A. Garabán
Antonio E. Fernández
How to use the
English condition
als
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Introduction
Conditionals are formed by two clauses: the if clause and the main clause
Conditionals are used to talk about past, present or future,
They can have different meanings: certainty, regret, criticism, possibility, etc.and...
...are very similar to Spanish
If I had a million dollars, I would buy a house
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Zero Conditiona
l
Certaninty
The Zero conditional is a structure used to talk about general truths.
Things that will always happen under certain
conditions.
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StructureZero conditional
If + subject + simple present
Subject + simple present
If you heat it at 100ºC, water boils
Water boils If you heat it at 100ºC
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ExamplesZero conditional
If it rains, the grass gets wet Certaninty expression
Wood doesn't burn if there is no air Scientific fact: certainty
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First Conditiona
l
Possible situationspresent or
future
The first conditional is a structure used to talk
about possible situations in the present or in the
future.
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StructureFirst conditional
If + subject + present
Subject + will + verb
If you study hard, You will pass the test
You will pass the test If you study hard
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ExamplesFirst conditional
If it's sunny, we'll go to the park Maybe it’ll be sunny: possible
If you cook the supper, I'll wash the dishes.
Maybe you will cook the supper: possible
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Second Conditiona
l
Unreal situationspresent or
future
The second conditional is a structure used to talk about unreal situations in the present or in the
future.
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StructureSecond conditional
If + subject + simple past
Subject + would + verb
If I had a million dollars, I would buy a house
I would buy a house If I had a million dollars
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ExamplesSecond conditional
If I were you, I would go I’m not you, this is unreal
She would be sad if Jan left Jan didn’t leave, it’s unreal
If I had wings, I would fly I don’t have wings: unreal
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Third Conditiona
l
Unreal situationsIn the past
The third conditional is a structure used to talk
about unreal situations in the past.
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StructureThird conditional
If + subject + past perfect
Subject + would have+ verb + past participle
If I had a studied harder, I would have passed the exam
I would have passed the exam
If I had studied harder
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ExamplesThird conditional
If it had snowed, we could have gone skying
Regret expression
If you would have saved money, you could have bought it
Criticism expression
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Recap
Conditional Meaning TimeZero Certainty Present
First Possibility Present or future
Second Impossibility Present or future
Third Impossibility Past