'NAME:

DATE:

1.

Classical Conditioning ExamplesChapter 8 - Learning

Fred has a fluffy down pillow with some of the down sticking out of the fabric. When hefirst tries out the pillow, a piece of down tickles his nose and he sneezes. This happensesrery time he goes to bed. Soon, he sneezes every time he lays down on any kind ofpiuow.

Unconditioned Stimulus ([?JCS) -'> Unconditioned Response (UCR)

Conditioned Stimulus (CS) + Conditioned Response (CR)

2. Every time you take a shower, someone in the house flushes the toilet causing the waterto turn cold and you become cold. Now every time you hear a toilet flush, you get cold.

Unconditioned Stimulus ([?JCS) + Unconditioned Response ([?JCR)

Conditioned Stimulus (CS) -> Conditioned Response (CR)

3. It is springtime and the pollen from the flowers causes you to sneeze. Soon you aresneezing every time you see a flower.

Unconditioned Stimulus ([?JCS) + Unconditioned Response ([?JCR)

Conitioned Stimulus (CS) # Conditioned Response (CR)

4. In order to treat bedwetting, a pad that is sensitive to dampness is places under the sheets.When this pad becomes wet, it sounds an alarm and you wake up. Eventuauy you don'tneed the alarm to wake up and your bladder will wake you up.

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) # Unconditioned Response ([?JCR)

Conditioned Stimulus (CS) # Conditioned Response (CR)

s. People receiving chemotherapy often vomit during or shortly after the procedure. Afterseveral chemotherapy sessions, people begin to feel sick at the sight of the treatmentroom.

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) + Unconditioned Response (UCR)

Conditioned Stimulus (CS) + Conditioned Response (CR)

NAME:

DATE:

6. Oftentimes physicians wiu give treatments that make people uncomfortable (a shot, forexample). After this happens several times, people will begin feeling uncomfortable at thesight of anyone in a white lab coat.

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) -) Unconditioned Response (UCR)

ConditionedStimulus(CS) -) ConditionedResponse(CR)

7. The smell of food makes you hungry. Soon every time you go into the kitchen, you feelhungry.

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) -) Unconditioned Response (UCR)

ConditionedStimulus(CS) -) ConditionedResponse(CR)

8. Whenever you see a scary movie, you always eat a box of thin mints. Now you find thateating a box of thin mints makes you feel scared.

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) -) Unconditioned Response (UCR)

ConditionedStimulus(CS) -> ConditionedResponse(CR)

9. A student survives a plane crash that occurred because of a thunderstorm. Now, wheneverthe student hears thunder, he gets anxious.

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) -> Unconditioned Response (UCR)

ConditionedStimulus(CS) + ConditionedResponse(CR)

10. Suzy goes outside to play in her tree house. A swarm of bees has nested near her ttee house,and she gets stung when she climbs up to the tree house. This happens three times in aweek. Suzy becomes aftaid to go near the tree and cries violently when her dad tries to gether to climb up the tree house.

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) -) Unconditioned Response (UCR)

ConditionedStimulus(CS) 4 ConditionedResponse(CR)

Operant Conditioning Practice Name

1. Identify the behavior and its consequence.2. As a consequence of the behavior, is something added or removed/avoided?3. Does the consequence strengthen or weaken the behavior?

As a mnsequenceof the behavior.

is somethingadded or removed/

avoided?

r Does the consequence strength-en or ?aken the behavior";' IStrenglhen l Weaken(Reinforcement) l (Punishment)

Added l Positive Positive

(Positive) l Reinforcement l Punishment

Removed l Negative Negative(Negative) l Reinforcement l Punishment

For each situation, fill out the chart, and then name the type of conditioning

1. The police stop drivers and give awards for safe driving. This isr

Behavior Consequence:

l

Added (or) I Subtracted

l

-?

Strengthened(or)

? Weakenedl

conditioning.

2. The coach removes a player for the game for committing a foul. This is

Behavior Consequence:

Added (or) Subtractedm

Strengthened . Weakened

(or)

conditioning.

3. Player makes an error and the teammate calls him a bad name. This is

Behavior Consequence:

I l

l

Added (or) Subtracted

Il

Strengthened(or)

Weakened

4. A suspect confesses to a crime which ends the interrogation. This is'? T

Behayior

II

Consequence:

l

Added (or) Subtracted

l

Strengthened ' ? Weakened(or)

l

l

conditioning.

conditioning.

ll

l

s. Child cleans the room and parent stops nagging. This is conditioning.

Beha'

ffi

vior

m

iI

ffi ; ffi

l Consequence:ffi

l

I

Added (or)ffi

)SubtractedL

l

l IStrengthened t(or) l

I

IWeakenedf

l l

Il

l

6. Older brother sits on you until you say he's smarter, then he gets off. conditioning.

II

Behaviorl

I

ffi ffirConsequence:

l

(or)

[Strengthened :

Added (or)4

Il

l

ffi

I' SubtractedI

WeakenedIll

I

i

lI

ffi

ll

7. After completing your homework you get your cell phone back. conditioning.l?- '1 ffir 'l

Behavior

ll

I I Consequence:I l

I l I

Added (or)

I Il Subtracted

I l

Strengthenedr

a Weakened

l

l

(or) I

l

8. When you buckle your seatbelt, the annoying beep stops in your car. conditioning.rl

Behavior

ffi

I

ffiII

Consequence: lI

ffi

Added (or)l

, Subtracted

II

Strengthened(or) l

l

: Weakened

l

l

9. After you rake the Ieaves in the yard, you receive a Justin Bieber CD. You rake the leaves Iess often in the future.This is conditioning.

l Behavior lI

- Consequence:

l

I

Added (or)i

l

l

Subtracted I

#

l

StrengthenedlWeakened

II

10. Make up an example for other students to try: Write the question on the board and below, fill out the chart and

giVe Jour anSWer.

Your example:

This is conditioning.f

Behavior

II

Consequence:l

Added (or)

l

, Subtractedl

l

I

l-?

Strengthened ,l

Weakened

I

l

I

l

l

Name Operant Conditioning Practice

Directions:

The following scenarios describe some behaviors and their consequences. Use the principles of operant conditioning topredict whether the targeted behavior (the underlined one) will recur. Then identify if the person performing the behaviorwas given a consequence (mark a "+"), had something taken away (mark a "-"), or received nothing (mark a "O"). Thenspecify whether the targeted behavior is likely to increase (mark a " j") or decrease (mark a "l").

Hints:

Positive reinforcement: when a behavior is followed by a receiving something favorable (like a reward), the behavior islikely to be strengthened in the future

Negative reinforcement: when a person is trapped in a bad situation, he or she performs a behavior to escape. Thebehavior is likely to be strengthened in the future because something bad was taken away.Punishment: when a behavior is followed by something negative, the behavior is likely to decrease in the future.Extinction: when a behavior has no meaningful consequence, the behavior is not likely to repeat in the future.

Scenario

Nature of

Consequence(+, -, or O)

Likelihood of

Recurrence

(l or t)Principle

1 . A student to answer a toughquestion in class and the teacher commentsfavorably on the quality of the student's answer.

2. A child is sent to his room with no supperafter a bad report card.

3. Dad and child enter the checkout lane of the

supermarket. When the child for candy,Dad gives her a sucker to quiet her down.(answer from the child's perspective)

4. The situation in number three, answered fromthe father's perspective.

5. Two children, who usually spend most oftheirtimefighting,finally lace eaceabl overa coloring book. Dad peeks in and sighs, "atlast, they are getting along." He returns to workwithout saying anything to the children.

6. A wife brings home flowers to her husbandbecause of the special dinner he had cooked tosurprise her.

7. A child s3 milk all over the supper table,and %om (having had a very bad day), swoopsthe child up from the high chair and spanks him.

8. A student has a terrible headache a'Lter an

intense preparation period for a test. He takes to make it go away. He feels much

better now.

9, A terrorist applies an electrical current to thefeet of a spy so that she will . She tellshim everything. (answer from the spy's point ofview)

10. A terrorist has been trying to getinforrnation from a spy for several hours. Sheapplies an electrical current to the feet of thespy because he has not confessed. (answer fromthe spy's point of view)

11. A spoiled child is being driven by a fast-food restaurant when she begins screaming thatshe must have french fries or she won't survive.

The parents and drive in for a largesupply of fries. (answer from the parent'sperspective)

12. A teenager about having nothing todo. Dad gives him a lecture about all the stuff inhis room and the good old days when he didn'thave all that stuff but still managed to be happy.The teenager stopes complaining. (answer fromthe teenager's perspective)

13. The situation in number twelve answered

from the father's perspective.

14. The situation in number twelve if the father

had ignored the whining of the teenager.

15. The situation in number twelve if the father

had bought his son a new video game answeredfrom the teenager's perspective.

16. Create your own:

Operant Conditioning Review...lncluding Reinforcement Schedules:

Below are Examples or +/- Reinforcement or +/- Punishment

1.

2.

3.

4.

s.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

colleague.

22.

23.

24.

25.

fingernails.

26.

good feeling

27. Removing the door from bedroom hinges after child slams it in anger,

taking away your privacy.

28. Having a blue-ink pen explode in your mouth while chewing on the

tip.

29.

shouldn't.

You receive a kiss for bringing your girlfriend flowers.

Wearing a helmet, pads, etc. to avoid a sports or recreational injury.

You receive a detention for being tardy to class.

Receiving a ticket for speeding in your car.

Hurting your head when you don't duck in a Iow doorway.

Jail - Being forced to Iive in a small smelly room.

Teenager loses their cellphone for talking back to room.

You get your allowance only after you complete your weekly chores.

You receive a merit raise at work for doing your job well.

Being nice to your brother to avoid super-wedgies

Following the Iaws to avoid jail.

Jail - You Iost the freedom to do as you please

Someone frowns when you tell a joke.

Someone smiles when you tell a joke.

Put gas in your car to avoid a break-down.

Feeling good after working at a soup kitchen.

Ducking your head to avoid hitting it on a Iow doorway.

Removing a super-wedgie to eliminate discomfort

Repo man takes a car for failure to make Ioan payments.

Studying for an exam reduces stress

Getting pleasure from a stimulating conversation with a great

Tasting bitter nail chemical when you try to bite your nails.

Give your child dessert when they eat their vegetables.

Taking out the garbage to quiet a nagging significant other.

Snapping your wrist with a rubber band when you bite your

Smoking a cigarette brings a dopamine release in the brain - that

Getting the stink eye for being on your phone in class when you

Below are examples of Fixed/Variable and Ratio/Interval Partial Reinforcement Schedules:

30. Getting a snack after reading every 30 pages

31. A hotel maid takes a 15-minute break after cleaning 10 rooms

32. Scratch off lottery tickets

33. Slot machines

34. Clicking "Get Mail" in outlook.

35. Your teacher gives pop quizzes.

36. Picking up the paper in the morning after it has been delivered at the

same time every day.

37. Checking the refrigerator to see if JELLO is ready.

38. Checking the mail for a letter from a friend

39. A boxer has to hit his opponent a variable number of times before a

knockout.

40. A charitable organization makes an average of 10 phone calls for

every donation it receives.

41. A blueberry picker receives Sl after filling three pint boxes.42. A dog receives a treat after it turns around four times.43. A person plays the lottery in hopes of winning.44. A writer sells stories only occasionally.

45. Metro train/bus schedule.

46. Checking the clock as the end of class nears.

47. A professional baseball player gets a hit approximately every thirdtime at bat

48. A woman asks men at a dance club to dance with her.

49. Subway (or other frequent buyer program) rewards card: get XX

stamps, get XX free

50. When a student graduates (regardless of how Iong it takes, once they

earn XX hours, they will receive their diploma).

51. A student receives grades at the end of every semester.

52. Checking cell phone for text messages when phone is on silent

53. Getting a gift on your birthday (what behavior is being reinforced?)54. Checking the front porch for a newspaper when the deliverer is

extremely unpredictable.

Schedules of Reinforcement

Instructions: To determine the schedule of reinforcement being used, ask yourselft Is time the major factor thatcauses a favorable outcome (reinforcement) or is it repetition of responses? If time or the needed repetition ofresponses is constant or patterned, it is fixed; if the time or repetition of responses is random or iiitermittent, itsvariable. For each number write:

Fixed-interval schedule - FI

Fixed-ratio schedule- FR

Variable-interval schedule- VI

Variable-ratio schedule- VR

l)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

8)

9)

10)

11)

12)

13)

14)

15)

flown

16)

17)

18)

19)

minute round

20)

21)

22)

paid 10 dollars for every 20 puzzles solved

studying for a class that has surprise quizzes

slot machines are based on this schedule

fishing in a lake in the surru'ner

speed traps on highways

selling a product door to door

getting the clothes out of the dryer once it buzzes

going up a staircase to reach a landing with a nice view

doing 20 puslmps to help stay fit

playing Bingo

getting a paycheck at the end of 2 weeks

random dnig testing

a strike in bowling

calling your mechanic to see if your car is fixed yet

frequent flyer program where one gets a free flight after a specific number of miles

child screams and cries in store to get what he wants-every so often it works

child who likes to hear theme music from Jeopardy every night at 7 pro

trying to find a parking spot in Metropolis with a meter that works

wife is watching boxing match with husband- she receives a kiss at the end of every 3-

waiting for a sunny day to go to the beach

surfer waiting for the perfect wave to ride iii

looking under rocks for WOlT][lS