Conditioning

Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning

Where associations are made between a natural stimulus and a neutral (learned)

stimulus.

CC Vocab

Stimulus- something that elicits a responseResponse- reaction to a stimulusUnconditioned Stimulus- stimulus that naturally elicits a

responseUnconditioned Response- automatic, natural response

to a stimulusConditioned Stimulus- a previously neutral stimulus that

is now associated with a natural responseConditioned Response- a learned response to a

stimulus

Emotional Conditioning

Example: Loud noise automatically elicits the response of a fast heart-rate.

Little Albert, the white rat, and a loud noise.

Little Albert– BANG!!!!!

EC Vocab

Stimulus Generalization: Process of a response spreading from one stimuli to another which resembles the first

Extinction: Gradual loss of association between stimuli and response

Spontaneous Recovery: Sudden, unexplained reappearance of an extinguished response

Operant Conditioning

Operant Conditioning

Conditioning that results from individual’s actions and the consequences they

cause.

Operant Conditioning

Voluntary Response Reinforcement

Repeat Voluntary Response

Lift extra weights at practice: Score winning touchdown: Go back and lift more

Reinforcements

Primary Reinforcement: Something necessary for psychological or physical survival that is used as a reward

Secondary Reinforcement: Anything that comes to represent a primary reinforcer (winning)

Reinforcements

Positive Reinforcement: A reinforcement that strengthens a response by following it with the addition of something positive.

Negative Reinforcement: A reinforcement that strengthens a response by following it the removal of something unpleasant

Positive/ Negative Reinforcement

Punishment

Punishment and Negative Reinforcement are DIFFERENT.

Punishment is the process of weakening a response by following it with unpleasant consequences.

Chaining– reinforce each step of a back walkover

Shaping– teaching step by step a skill that takes many phases to learn

Synchronized Diving

Schedules of Reinforcement

Continuous Reinforcement– reinforcement given each time a behavior occurs

Schedules of Reinforcement—different methods of reinforcing

Partial Reinforcement Schedule—reinforcement not given each time a behavior occurs

Variable Ratio Schedule Fixed Ratio Schedule Variable Interval Fixed Interval

Variable Ratio Schedule– reinforcement occurs after a desired act is performed a specific but variable number of times.

Fixed Ratio Schedule– reinforcement occurs after a desired act is performed a fixed number of times.

Variable Interval Schedule– reinforcement occurs after a desired act is performed following a variable amount of time.

Fixed Interval Schedule– reinforcement occurs after a desired act is performedfollowing a fixed amount of time.

Classical v. Operant

Social Learning

Social Learning

Learning from the behaviors of others

Observational Learning

A form of social learning where an organism observes and imitates the behavior of others.

The Scapegoats

Who caused the…

Versailles Treaty? Great Depression? World-wide Humiliation?

Versailles Treaty

The Signing

The split of Germany

The Great Depression

Anti-Semitic Propaganda

Krystal Nacht

The Nuremburg Laws

Genocide

Milgram Experiment on Obedience

Cognitive Psychology & Learning

Cognitive Approach: The study of learning that emphasizes abstract mental processes and previous knowledge.

CA Vocab

Latent Learning: Learning that is not obvious but takes place under the surface

Expectancies: Beliefs about our abilities to perform an action and get the desired reward

Reinforcement Value: The preference of one type of reinforcement over another (Kanye tickets vs. Dave Matthews, you will work harder for the one you like)

Cognitive Map: A mental image of where one is located in space

Strategies: Methods for solving problems

Latent Learning

Expectancies

Reinforcement Value

Which one do you want more?

Cognitive Map

Strategies

PROBLEM:

Get the number 4

ANSWERS:

2+2

or

4-2

Review

Classical Learning: Learning by Association Operant Conditioning: Learning through

Reinforcements Social Learning: Learning by observing and imitating Cognitive Learning: Learning through mental

processes

I am terrified of rodents!! Use each one of these ways to explain why I might be.