Conducting a Literature Search and Writing a Literature Review

Lisa Eblen, MLIS, AHIPResearch Symposium

Naval Hospital PensacolaSeptember 2011

Why does a CID Research Proposal require a literature search and review?

Define the background for the research project

Present evidence that the work is original

For animal research, demonstrate the requirement for using an animal model

Requirements for a Human Research Application

Literature Search “demonstrate your literature search for currently

published research that directly pertains to your proposal “ [background]

“This is intended to be a thoughtful search. “

Literature Review “The committee is interested in your interpretation of

the literature that you have reviewed. “

What is a Literature Search? a literature search is

“a systematic and thorough search of all types of published literature in order to identify as many items as possible that are relevant to a particular topic” Gash S Effective Literature Searching for Students, Gower Publishing LTD, 1989, p.1.

the literature search reveals gaps in existing knowledge identifies areas of consensus and debate identifies approaches to research design and

methodology identifies other researchers in the field clarifies future directions for research

Why is a Comprehensive Literature Search Important?

Sound research is based on a thorough literature search and literature review.

Steps in the Literature Search

Define the research question Read background material Conduct a literature search Review the results Read the relevant articles Evaluate the studies Conduct additional literature searches

Searching the LiteratureLooking at the Numbers

Over 6000 biomedical journals published

More than 300 searchable databases available from commercial vendors

National Library of Medicine anticipates indexing 723,000 articles in 2011

PubMed provides access to over 20 million citations in MEDLINE dating back to 1946

Where does Google fit in a literature search?

• Google http://www.google.com

• Rarely scholarly

• Poor substitute for library reference databases

• Unstable

• Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com

• searches peer-reviewed papers, books, theses, etc.

• leads to fee-based online full-text websites

Journal Searching ~ beyond Google

MEDLINE (complete MEDLINE indexes 6000 journals)

PubMed, Ovid Online Ovid Online (Medline, PsycInfo)

Evidence-Based Healthcare Database Cochrane Library (available at Ovid)

EBSCOhost CINAHL - The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature

Mediated Literature Searches over 200 databases through Health Sciences Library’s Reference Services

Getting Started ~Visit Telelibrary Toolkit on the Internet

http://www.med.navy.mil/sites/nmcp/Library/Pages/Telelibrary.aspx

PubMed’s LinkOut ~ Putting It Together

Search PubMed with links to fulltext articles

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?myncbishare=navy&holdings=ustelelib

Link to the Full-Text Resources from the Telelibrary Project MD Consult Ovid Online EBSCOhost

Look for this icon on the Abstract display

Links the Telelibrary’s Collection with PubMed

Confused or overwhelmed?

Ask a Librarian for

• expert literature search assistance

• document delivery service

• Instruction in literature searching

Additional Aspects to Consider

Medical or Nursing Research expand the search to specialized databases

Federal Research databases required by instruction: FEDRIP and more

Check with CID or your Library

Key Databases in Medicine

MEDLINE (PubMed or Ovid Online)

Web of Science Mediated access only

Biosis Mediated access only

Embase Mediated access only

PsycInfo (Ovid Online)

Key Databases in Nursing

CINAHL(Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature)EBSCOhost

MEDLINE (PubMed or Ovid Online)

Web of Science and Social ScienceMediated access only

ERIC - Education Resources Information Centereric.ed.gov

Dissertation AbstractsMediated access only

PsycInfo (Ovid Online)

Key Databases for Federal Research BRD

DoD Biomedical Research Databasehttp://www.dtic.mil/biosys/org/brd/

FEDRIP Federal Research in Progress

Mediated access only

DTIC Online access controlledTechnical Reports, Research in Progresshttps://www.dtic.mil

RePORTER Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools http://projectreporter.nih.gov/

Remember Online full-text articles are limited Libraries are still the best source of full-text books

and journal articles Obtain in full-text the documents you need to read

for your research Thoroughly read all papers you plan to use in

your reference list

Read the Pertinent Literature

When is a Literature Search Done?

McLellan F, 1966 and all that-when is a literature search

done? Lancet. 2001 Aug 25;358(9282):646.

Requirements for a Literature Review for Research on Human Subjects

NMCP Human Research Application

Summary of the Search [Literature Review] “The committee is interested in your interpretation

of the literature that you have reviewed. “

What is a Literature Review?

Critique and summary of current knowledge about a research topic

Examination of studies already completed on the question

The literature review states What is known and what remains to be learned How the present study will contribute to existing

knowledge What methods have been identified to conduct

experiments or studies

Keeping up with new developments and managing citations and documents

Research projects take time. Plan periodic updates of your original bibliographic research to stay abreast of developments. RSS Feeds My NCBI

Document and update any Internet resources

Questions?

Searching is a skill, finding documents is often difficult, the best research is a done collaboratively

Don’t hesitate to seek assistance

Ask a Librarian – we are your resource library while your command is recruiting a librarian. Call 757-953-5384 Send a message to NMCP- LibraryServices@med.navy.mil

Online Resources Available Worldwide Ovid – http://gateway.ovid.com IP access or Password

Your Journals@Ovid – Full text articles from 398 journals Books@Ovid – Full text books Medline ~ with Full Text PsycInfo ~ with Full Text Evidence Based Healthcare Databases ~ with Full Text

includes Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

EBSCO -- http://search.ebscohost.com IP access or Password CINAHL is an index to nursing and allied health literature linked to the full-text of over 600

journal titles. CINAHL complements the indexing of PubMed and is essential resource for nursing research.

Health Business Elite and Health Policy Reference Center index the literature of health care administration and are linked to the full-text of almost 400 journal titles. Health Business Elite is the only online source that provides the online full-text of Harvard Business Review.

LexiComp -- http://online.lexi.com  IP access or Password Medical Dentistry Oral Surgery

Online Resources Available Worldwide cont. MD Consult http://www.mdconsult.com IP access or Password

Staf!Ref http://online.statref.com

These resources are available at Navy Medicine Online and soon via Athens.

JCAHO Comprehensive Accreditation Manual https://nmo.med.navy.mil/ Go to Tools, select Telelibrary from the dropdown menu, select the Search Library

Databases icon, select JCAHO Comprehensive Accreditation Manual from the table of contents.

New England Journal of Medicine https://nmo.med.navy.mil/ Go to Tools, select New England Journal of Medicine from the dropdown menu.

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database https://nmo.med.navy.mil/ Go to Tools, select Telelibrary from the dropdown menu, select the Search Library

Databases icon, select Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database from the table of contents.

Interlibrary Loan and Document Delivery Requesting articles from a PubMed search use LoansomeDoc from

the National Library of Medicine http://docline.gov/loansome/login.cfm Go to Loansome Doc at https://docline.gov/loansome/login.cfm or

choose "Order" from the "Send to" box in PubMed. Sign up for a Loansome Doc account. To find our library,

choose Virginia from the drop-down menu and uncheck "Show only libraries that serve the general public." You will find us on the second page of Virginia libraries as "U S Naval Medical Center".

Click on "Contact" at the left. On the next screen enter the Authorization Code, VAUNRP and

mark "I am affiliated with this institution (e.g., Staff, Student ).“

Follow the next screens to complete the registration. Use your @med.navy.mil e-mail address to make it easier for us to identify you as an affiliated Navy health professional.

If you are already in PubMed, complete the steps to order the article(s). If you have registered for Loansome Doc separately from a specific order, you can place an order through PubMed or at the Loansome Doc at any time using your Loansome Doc login.

Most orders will be sent directly to you from the lending library. Library Services, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth will fill the requests we can from our collection, order the articles we do not have on interlibrary loan or direct you to access the article(s) online where they are available.

Articles from other resources Send complete citation(s) to NMCP-LibraryServices@med.navy.mil

Coming Soon Athens

is a single sign on portal that will allow Navy Medicine Health Professional s access to the full text resources provided Navy wide.

when Athens is released for use, there will be a self registration page that you will start with, once you confirm your sign up, you will go to https://auth.athensams.net/my/

Athens Homepage

Athens Resources Page

Coming in FY12

These tools will be available through the Athens portal in Fiscal Year 2012

A to Z list

Link Resolver

Federated Search

Questions?

Ask a Librarian – we are your resource library while your command is recruiting a librarian.

Call 757-953-5384

Send a message to

NMCP-LibraryServices@med.navy.mil