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conferenceseries.com

May 16-18, 2016 Osaka, Japan

Coastal ZonesInternational Conference on

conferenceseries.com 490th Conference

Coastal Zones 2016

Scientific Tracks & Abstracts(Day 1)

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Coastal Zones 2016May 16-18, 2016

Volume 4, Issue 1(Suppl)Oceanography 2016

ISSN:2332-2632, OCN an open access journal


May 16-18, 2016 Osaka, JapanCoastal Zones

International Conference on

Integrated coastal management and adaptation needsJosé Simão Antunes do CarmoUniversity of Coimbra, Portugal

The sustainable management of coastal areas depends on the success of an integrated adaptation to climate and other changes that take into account and promote the system's ability to adapt. A proper definition of spatial and temporal

scales is crucial in vulnerability assessment, in any attempt to establish good management actions and adaptation options. Through the action of various factors such as wave height and direction, tides, currents, wind speed, water depth, sediment supply, frequency and intensity of extreme meteorological events, including storms, the coastline is constantly changing. Coastal ecosystems are also particularly sensitive to the increase in sea surface temperature, ocean acidification, salt water intrusion, rising water tables and altered runoff patterns. Therefore, it is important that coastal vulnerability assessments follow an integrated assessment approach considering environmental changes induced by climate and non-climatic actions as well as socio-economic developments and their interactions. Adaptation measures in the assessment must be considered, both in terms of already implemented measures and scenarios of future adaptation. According to IPCC, vulnerability to climate change is defined as “a of the character, magnitude, and rate of climate change to which a system is exposed, its sensitivity, and its adaptive capacity”. The key ideas of this definition were incorporated into coastal vulnerability. The first two components (exposure and sensivity) together represent the potential impact and adaptive capacity is the extent to which these impacts can be avoided; therefore, vulnerability (V) is potential impact (I) minus adaptive capacity (AC), i.e., V = f (I-AC) The main options to be considered in any adaptation program are: Protection to reduce the risk associated with climate change impacts and others, especially those resulting from the rise in mean sea level; accommodation to increase people's ability to deal with those impacts and associated risks, and retreat to reduce the risk of serious events caused by climate change and others, limiting their potential effects. The medium and long term goals underlying adaptation measures should be properly assessed and pondered.

BiographyJosé Simão Antunes do Carmo has completed his MSc in Hydraulics and Water Resources in 1990 from University of Lisbon, Portugal, his PhD in Engineering Sciences in 1995 from University of Coimbra, Portugal, and Post-doctoral studies in Civil Engineering in 2003 from University of Coimbra. He has been Director of several degree and master courses in Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering in the period 1995-2010. He is Director of the Portuguese Journal of Water Resources, Co-editor of the International Journal of Integrated Coastal Zone Management and Editorial Board Member of the Ocean & Coastal Management journal, Elsevier. He has published over three dozen papers in ISI journals and more than a hundred publications in international conferences.

[email protected]

José Simão Antunes do Carmo, Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002

mailto:[email protected]

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ICZM for sustainable development of coastal land subsidence area using system dynamic approachYang-Chi Chang and Chun-I LinNational Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan

Land subsidence in Taiwan coastal zone has caused severe impact on natural environment and people welfare. In particular, some coastal areas in the western Taiwan, which were previously above high-tide level, have become the low-lying area

and suffered the threat of sea water inundation during Typhoon seasons. Based on the concept of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM), the current study adopted the System Dynamic (SD) approach to outline the dynamic, interrelated, and feed-back loop system structure. A SD model was built using the DSR (Driving force, State, Response) sustainable development indicator system. In addition to the assessment of sustainable development, DSR can delineate the causal loop relations in the whole system. The causal loop diagram of the land subsidence SD model integrates all related DSR factors which have been partitioned into three subsystems. Several managerial strategies have been analyses using the proposed SD model to evaluate their performances of sustainable development in the coastal land subsidence area.

BiographyYang-Chi Chang received his PhD degree in Civil Engineering from Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA. Before joining National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU), he was a Researcher Fellow at the Energy & Resources Laboratory in Industrial Technology Research Institute. He is now a Professor of the Department of Marine Environment and Engineering in NSYSU, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. His research interests include marine environmental system analysis, information technology applications, and integrated coastal zone management. He has published more than 25 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of Ocean and Coastal Management.

[email protected],[email protected]

Yang-Chi Chang et al., Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002



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Weekly monitoring of eukaryote biodiversity using massively parallel sequencing (MPS)-based technology in Okhotsk Sea in JapanSatoshi Nagai1, Shingo Urushizaki2, Chen Hun-yean1, Yuki Hongo1 and Seiji Katakura3

1National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan 2AXIOHELIX Co. Ltd., Japan 3Mombetsu city office, Japan

We have conducted a monitoring of eukaryote biodiversity by using massively parallel sequencing (MPS)-based technology one a week for nearly four years in Mombetsu city, Hokkaido, Japan (44°20.22'N, 143°22.85'E). Water temperature,

salinity and chlorophyll-fluorescence were -1.6–22.4 oC, 18.3–33.7 PSU, <0.0-–9.8 μg L-1 during the survey periods of 2012–2014, respectively. In this study, we analyzed the biodiversity of seawater samples (n = 112) and succeeded in detecting over twenty hundreds of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from 500 mL seawaters. In the NMDS analysis, samples taken at the same month but in different dates were more closely plotted and also the samples of closest months were located in the closest positions, showing the consecutive transition of species composition and the clear seasonal pattern of eukaryote species in Okhotsk Sea. In the relative abundance of identified OTUs at the supergroup levels, Alveolata, Opisthokonta, Stramenopiles were 27.3, 22.5 and 21.5%, respectively and followed by Rhizaria (12.9%) and Viridiplantae (12.9%), indicating the typical pattern in Japanese coastal waters. Interestingly, the heatmap and cluster dendrogram indicated the samples (n = 116) were divided into two large different nodes, i.e. samples obtained in Jun–Nov and remaining samples obtained in Dec–May, showing the strong influence by ocean currrent systems of Tsushima warm current (= Souya warm current) in summer and East Sakhakin current in winter season. The MPS-based technology also enabled to detect conspicuous diatom spring blooms and sudden blooms, which occurred irregularly, caused by dinoflagellate, ciliate or metazoa species, strongly suggesting the effectiveness of the monitoring by the MPS-based technology.

BiographySatoshi Nagai has completed his PhD at the age of 29 years from Kyoto University, and started to work as a permanent resercher at Fisheries Research Agency of Japan. He is the group leader of Environmental genomics group at the research center for aquatic genomics. He has published more than 110 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of Plankton & Benthos Research and BMC genomics.

[email protected]

Satoshi Nagai, Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002


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Integrated coastal zone management: Putting knowledge into practiceSuzan E A KholeifDirector National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Egypt

In general, integrated coastal zone management (ICZM), is an interdisciplinary and comprehensive strategy or framework based on the best available science and governance to be implemented at the community level and national level targeting

sustainable ecosystem. In the past, many initiatives have been categorized in the name “ICZM projects” both in Mediterranean Countries and elsewhere, but it is now widely recognized that, ICZM is a process which takes many years to develop. Several ICZM projects and initiatives were launched since 1990s, to put into practice national and regional coastal zone management strategies, however up to now they have not been implemented in a reliable way. ICZM use to regulate the spatial deployment of economic activities and to set up spatial planning systems for coastal areas. However, there is still a lack of experience in some countries, and little data and knowledge available to policy makers and practitioners for successfully development and/or implement of ICZM. The most important problem now is how to make better use of knowledge and data in integrated climate changes into ICZM process. The importance of improving knowledge transfer between countries is considered a vital component for cooperation. Knowledge transfer involves the processes for collecting and sharing knowledge, skills, best practices and consultancy. Identify relevant information regarding ICZM and impact of climate changes on coastal areas are required to identify the most likely priority uses, current potential pressures, synergies and governance framework for ICZM.

BiographySuzan E A Kholeif is an experienced Egyptian Marine Geologist, having over 20 years of work experience in Environmental Assessment, Coastal Zone management, in the area of geology, climate changes, geo-environment, water quality assessment. She holds a PhD in Marine Geology (1999) and holds a strong track record of publications which include climate changes, sea-level changes, assessment of coastal waters quality, shore protection, as well as Environment Impact Assessment (EIA). She also has participated in many national and international projects, as investigator, team leader and/or coordinator, for instance: EU-funded project - SESAME (2007-2011); Evaluation of chemical contamination in the Eastern Mediterranean by the method of transplanted mussels MYTIOR (2009-2010); PEGASO (2010-2013); AQUAMED (2010-2014); FORCE (2011-2014); MEDINA (2010-2014); Advisory Board of IASON (2013-2015) and national expert of MIRA, and FP7 project (2011-2013).

[email protected]

Suzan E A Kholeif, Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002


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Exploration of bacteria symbionts mangrove waste for the production of decomposterDelianis Pringgenies, Izzuddin Azmi, Ali Ridho and Riyanda IdrisDiponegoro University, Indonesia

Waste of mangrove is a collection of mangrove waste consisting of leaves, twigs, and branches fallen to the ground and eventually turned into decomposition. The research objective was to determine the types of bacterial symbionts of

waste mangrove potential as an anti-bacterial, subsequently used as bio-activator for the production of compost that contains nutrients. The research includes isolation of bacterial symbionts, screening bacterial symbionts that have potential as an anti-bacterial, DNA extraction using the High Pure PCR Template Preparation Kit (Roche), DNA amplification by PCR of 16S rDNA, and DNA sequencing. 16S r-DNA sequences were analyzed and edited using Genetix program and sequence analysis of 16S rDNA. Bacteria that have potential as an antibacterial are used in bio-activator production and the production of bio-activator tested nutrient content of compost seaweed Sargasum. The results were compared with the activator products found on the market. The identification results are found. There are 4 types of bacterial symbionts that have potential as an anti-bacterial: Pseudomonas sp., Flavobacterium sp., Acinetobacter sp., and Bacillus subtilis. Production of bio-activator bacterial symbionts waste mangrove have better quality than the quality of bio-activator that exist in the market and liquid organic fertilizer without a bio-activator. The conclusion is that the production of bio-activator from bacterial symbionts mangrove waste has potential as probiotics production environment.

BiographyDelianis Pringgenies is working as a Professor in Marine Natural Product,Marine Science Department,Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science,Diponegoro University.

[email protected]

Delianis Pringgenies et al., Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002


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Measuring and evaluating tourism carrying capacity in beaches Havelock and Neil Islands of Andaman, IndiaSridhar Rengarajan, Yuvaraj E, Sachithanandam V, Mageswaran T, Purvaja R and Ramesh RDeputy Director, Ministry of Environment & Forests, India

The present work is an attempt to understand the tourism carrying capacity of beaches Havelock and Neil Islands of Andaman (India) in terms of number of visitors that can be allowed over a period of time to help for better management

of tourism operations. The approach was based upon the physical, biological conditions and the infrastructure available on the tourism destinations. The total Effective Carrying Capacity for beaches of Havelock and Neil Islands is showing the tourism activity is in lower level with its carrying capacity. The A&N Islands can be promoted for high value low volume eco-friendly and environmentally sustainable tourism. This type of carrying capacity assessment can be used as an input into the regular planning process and in multidisciplinary approach in achieving sustainable development of Coastal Zones. A comprehensive analysis of tourism development in A&N Islands carried out through its Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threats (SWOT) approach yielded useful information about the future viability of the tourism development.

BiographySridhar Rengarajan is working as a Deputy director for Ministry of Environment & Forests, India.

[email protected]

Sridhar Rengarajan et al., Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002


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Rehabilitating Singapore’s impacted coral reefsCHOU Loke MingNational University of Singapore, Singapore

Singapore’s rapid coastal urbanization since the 1960s resulted in a 65% loss of its coral reefs to land reclamation. Increased sedimentation reduced underwater visibility from 10 m in the early 1960s to less than 2 m now. Reef rehabilitation to

increase coral cover of degraded reefs and promote colonization of non-reef areas however, is deemed viable based on predictable mass spawning events, recruitment and vigorous growth. Techniques employed should be compatible with the high sediment load and destabilized reef substrate. Fixed horizontal table nurseries were most suitable for sites with sediment-coated substrate as they elevated the fragments above the bottom while the supporting mesh net on which coral fragments were placed reduced sediment accumulation around them. Of the 1,251 fragments from 22 hard coral genera raised in the nurseries over a year, 92% survived. The observation is part of an on-going project aimed at assessing 1) if rehabilitation can effectively assist with degraded reef recovery, 2) whether “new” reefs can be created in non-reef areas, and 3) the survivability of corals in close vicinity to coastal development. Results from the project when completed will help to establish protocols to support management decisions on reef rehabilitation.

BiographyCHOU Loke Ming is Adjunct Research Professor at the Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore. He obtained his PhD in Zoology from the University of Singapore in 1976. His research on coral reef ecology and integrated coastal management covers Southeast Asia. His current research focus is reef restoration and he is particularly interested in how corals can be re-established in the highly turbid conditions of rapidly developing coastal areas. He is an Honorary Fellow of the Singapore Institute of Biology and a Fellow of the Singapore National Academy of Science.

[email protected]

CHOU Loke Ming, Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002


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Post-tsunami impact on coastal belt and coastal issues of the Kerala state, IndiaSainudeen Sahib SSree Narayana College, India

Kerala is a coastal state with an extensive coast line of 590 km long with Arabian Sea in the west and stretching from Thiruvananthapuram district in the south to Kasargod district in the north. The state has a population of 3.33 crores

as per the census of 2011 and most people live in the coastal area of Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Alapuzha, Ernakulam, Thrissur, Malappuram, Kozhikode, Kannur and Kasargod districts of Kerala. Considering the havoc caused by Tsunami which hit Indian coast line on 26th December 2004, in many places around the Tsunami disaster ravaged coastlines, the water and sewage system were wrecked by the quake-driven waves, and groundwater supplies were contaminated by sea water. Fisheries are one of the most important sectors of Kerala’s economy providing livelihood to the fishermen population living in the 222 marine villages. Tsunami of 2004 affected fisheries sector adversely especially on motorized and non-mechanized segments and prices of different species of fishes slashed down. The rehabilitation related issues will have to be given concerted effort in the light of various localized problems. Many industries are situated in the coastal stretches and about 300 medium and large scale and about 2000 small scale industries are discharging effluent directly into marine or freshwater bodies. Infrastructure development including port and harbours, sand mining for industrial and construction purposes, recreational activities, etc., have contributed to coastal erosion. Major impact of tsunami and coastal issues are highlighted in this paper on the basis of the situation before and after the tsunami in the affected areas.

BiographySainudeen Sahib S is working as Associate Professor in Zoology at S N College, Kollam, Kerala, India. He has 20 years of teaching and research experience. He has published more than 50 research papers and 10 books internationally. He is the Chief Editor of international journals. He is the President of Kerala Environmental Researchers Association. He is the Expert Member of Govt. of India to study possible impact of mobile towers on living beings. Considering his contribution, NASA and IAU had named a minor planet after his name (Pattazhy planet) in 2008.

[email protected]

Sainudeen Sahib S, Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002


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Adaptive integrated coastal zone management in China: From pressures to solutionsYongming Luo1, Haibo Zhang1, Chen Tu1, Haiqing Ma1, Qian Zhou1 and Alice Newton2

1Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, China2University of Algarve, Portugal

The coastal zone (CZ) is a social-ecological system (SES) that is both dynamic and complex. Coastal SES are some of the most valuable in the Earth System (ES). The high ecologic, social and economic value of the coastal zone is influenced by global

and climate changes, as well as pressures from anthropogenic activities. The rapid development of the economy and society in China has led to a concentration of the human population along the coast. This puts these coastal SES under increasing and multiple pressures, but also increases the risk to the population from dramatic accidents (e.g. oil spills, Tianjin explosion) and natural hazards (e.g. storm surges). Such accidents have resulted in the deterioration of the coastal environment, damage to natural resources, and loss of ecosystem functions and services. A comprehensive understanding of the coastal natural status, changes and resilience is fundamental for sustainable development. Such knowledge is the basis for the adaptive management of coastal SES and is crucial to their sustainability. Several analytical frameworks exist to support the adaptive management of the coastal SES. They can contribute valuable insights and be used together to develop a locally adapted integrative framework. Research on coastal environmental damage assessment (CEDA) as well as coastal social-ecological systems in China aims to setup a technical framework for CEDA and to contribute to co-designed, locally-adapted integrative management frameworks. This paper presents our preliminary results to provide scientific support for the policy- making with respect to the sustainable coastal zone management in China.

BiographyYongming Luo completed his PhD in 1997 at The Queen’s University of Belfast, UK. He is a Professor and the Executive Deputy Director of Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. His research mainly focuses on coastal environmental quality and risk management, and remediation of polluted soil. He has published 190 (co-)authored SCI papers and 15 books, and obtained 16 patents in China. He is a Consultant Expert Group Member of “973” Program and a Chief Scientist of “863” Major Project of MOST. He serves as an Editorial Board Member of International Journal of Phytoremediation.

[email protected]

Yongming Luo et al., Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002


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National Research Program of Korean MEDHO research group : Development of the methods for controlling and managing marine ecological disturbance-causing and harmful organisms (MEDHO)Jaeyeon Park1, Hae Jin Jeong2, Kwang Young Kim3, Jeong Rae Rho4, Eun Young Yoon1

1Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology (AICT), Suwon, Republic of Korea2School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea3School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea4Department of Marine Biotechnology, Kunsan National University, Kunsan, Republic of Korea

Korean government defined 13 marine species as “marine ecological disturbance-causing and harmful organisms (MEDHO)” by the law. That 13 species is including toxic and harmful planktons, jellyfishes, starfishes, see mosses and macroalgaes.

As considerable damage in the marine ecosystem was detected continuously, Korean government developed the research program on the MEDHO for developing the method for control and manage of them.The ultimate goals of the research program are to conduct taxonomy of the marine ecological disturbance-causing and harmful organisms (MEDHO), to reveal the outbreak mechanisms of MEDHO by understanding their distribution, ecophysiology and dispersal ability, to develop methods of effectively controlling and managing MEDHO, and to develop a forecast system for the origin and movement of MEDHO, restoring damaged marine ecosystems and maintaining healthy marine ecosystems.The scope of research is (1)Taxonomy and distribution of MEDHO; new MEDHO candidate species; ecophysiology, development, dispersal of the EDHO using diverse techniques (2) development of specific DNA primer for rapid identification of each species (3) methods of controlling the outbreak; a forecast system for the origin and movement (4) make a manual on identifying and managing MEDHO and (5) recommendations to governments for improving rules, law, and/or policy.When this research successfully achieves goals, the results will contribute to (1) suggest the new MEDHO species, to (2) control the MEDHO, (3) improve the quality of marine environments, and (4) minimize losses in fisheries, tourism, dinning industries. In addition, (5) the results will provide information and/or materials for fishery industry. Furthermore, (6) the manual will be used for managing effectively the MEDHO.

BiographyJaeyeon Park has completed her PhD at Seoul National University at 2003. She is senior researcher and the director of Marine Ecology and Resource Convergence Center, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology. She is the one of research manager of MEDHO research group, chief in toxic and harmful plankton department.

[email protected]

Jaeyeon Park et al., Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002


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Seashore Creatures testaments of global warming-Some siginificant marine and terrestrial examples happened in Shirahama, Wakayama, Japan (a review)Shin KubotaSeto Marine Biological Laboratory, Kyoto University Japan

Outstanding global warming is demonstrated by diverse seashore creatures occurred in Shirahama, Wakayama Prefecture (temperate area) since I begin to work in Shirahama after moving from Hokkaido, Japan (boreal area) 23 years ago.

Surprising such examples all discovered by myself are mainly explained here represented by. mussels that are exotic and introduced bivalve species Mytilus galloprovincialis and Perna viridis, and also in bivalve-inhabiting hydroids, Eugymnanthea japonica. Many other creatures other than bivalves and cnidarians are enumerated and demonstrated here (sea slugs, echiuras, sea stars, fishes, sea algae etc. as well as land hermit crabs, plants and insects ). Such dramatic changes taken place in a short term in Shirahama will surely affect environmental conditions and ordinary life of original creatures, and will lead to a final condition of a well-known case: fear of extinct of polar bear.

BiographyShin Kubota has completed his D.Sci from Hokkaido University, Japan. He has been publishing more than 35 papers on biology of diverse creatures in a year, particularly being paid attention worldwidely to immotal and ephemeral jellyfish that are introduced by New York Times in 2012 together with biological singing songs created by hm and his colleagues.

[email protected]

Shin Kubota, Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002


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Coastal Zones 2016

Young Researchers Forum(Day 1)

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Comprehensive study of a marine protected area managed by the fishermen in Hinase, JapanIzumi Tsurita1, Juri Hori2, Toshihiro Kunieda3, Masakazu Hori4 and Mitsutaku Makino4

1University of Tokyo, Japan2Hiroshima University, Japan3Citation Japan Co., Ltd, Japan4Fisheries Research Agency, Japan

In May 2011, the Eighth Meeting of the Headquarters for Ocean Policy officialy announced the basic concepts and relevant regulations of Japanese Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) according to the definition of the Marine Biodiversity Conservation

Strategy which is “Marine areas designated and managed by law or other effective means, in consideration of use modalities, aimed at the conservation of marine biodiversity supporting the sound structure and function of marine ecosystems and ensuring the sustainable use of marine ecosystem services”. Accordingly, MPAs in Japan at present confirm to different existing systems such as Natural Parks Act 1957 and Fisheries Act 1949. Many of those MPAs have fishery resource management objectives with either a government-based or community-based management approach. In order to comprehensively understand the effect of such MPAs, we conducted three-years joint-research from 2013 to 2015 by examining several MPA sites around Japan. In this presentation, after a brief introduction about the Japanese MPA systems, research outcomes at one of the case study sites, Hinase, Bizen City, Okayama Prefecture, Japan, will be shared from various viewpoints including ecological, economic, and social effects as well as their linkages to the human wellbeing.

BiographyIzumi Tsurita is a Doctoral student at the Department of Cultural Anthropology, Human Security Program, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo. She used to work for the Ocean Policy Research Foundation and the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies in Japan. She also worked at the Parque Nacional Natural Los Corales de Rosario y de San Bernardo, Colombia, as a Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteer. Her research interests include Marine Biodiversity Conservation and Climate Change based on the ideas of Cultural Anthropology and Environmental Ethics.

[email protected]

Izumi Tsurita et al., Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002


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Advancing marine spatial planning across the Sydney Harbour, NSW, AustraliaElianny Dominguez TejoUniversity of New South Wales, Australia

Planning a sustainable future for sea-bounded megacities will require rigorous evaluation of coastal management frameworks and how they integrate human activities. The Marine Spatial Planning framework has been supporting integrated

management of marine resources; however, prior research shows implementation challenges in accounting for adjoining land-use and catchment plans, and the need to deliver multidisciplinary planning approaches. The Sydney Harbour in New South Wales, Australia, currently lacks an integrated approach environmental resource planning. This affects management of estuarine and coastal resources, as enhanced understanding is needed on how environmental impacts affect social systems. Hence, research into a prototype decision support system is underway to assist coastal councils analysing management alternatives. The prototype builds on an existing support system to include a Bayesian Belief Network to model relationships between planned management scenarios and key social, economic and environmental community values. Initial work included a comprehensive review of six existing coastal management plans and 275 community surveys to gather information on community demographics, environmental and socio-economic values, and perceptions of coastal threats. In-depth interviews with government managers are planned to jointly develop management goals and operational objectives, design management scenarios and to validate an initial model. Community-based validation will take place through local workshops. Research outcomes are expected to support the comparison of alternative coastal management scenarios by assessing their influence on community values. Such multi-criteria approach can anticipate outcomes of marine spatial planning process and provide valuable insights into potential impacts from stakeholder trade-offs and environmental policies.

BiographyElianny Dominguez Tejo is an AUSAID awardee currently completing her PhD at the University of New South Wales, Australia. She obtained her Master of Science degree with Distinction from Heriot-Watt University (United Kingdom) as a recepient of the Cheevening Scholarship Award. She also holds the degree of Master of Business Administration from PUCAMAIMA University (Dominican Republic). She worked 8 years as Marine Program Manager for The Nature Conservancy, an international non-governmental organization. She has published several publications on marine consevation issues and two books related to the conservation of Humpback Whales and a proposed Marine Zoning Plan for Samana Bay, Dominican Republic.

[email protected] , [email protected]

Elianny Dominguez Tejo, Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002



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Surface morphology and adhered substances of microplastics from the coastal beaches in ChinaQian Zhou, Haibo Zhang, Chen Tu and Yongming LuoChinese Academy of Sciences, China

Microplastics refer to small pieces (<5 mm) of plastics and are considered as an emerging pollutant of concern worldwide in coastal and ocean environment. This is because ingestion of microplastics and transfer in the trophic levels may pose

adverse effects on marine organisms which accumulate plastic pollutants, monomers and additives. In this paper, we introduced in particular surface morphology and substances on the sediment microplastics in different shape types such as foam, particle, pellet, fiber and fragment. The microplastic debris in the sediment was separated by a continuous flow and air floating/density separation apparatus. Spectroscopic approaches including FT-IR and SEM were used for the microplastics identification coupling with pretreatments using several chemicals. The technique of attenuated total reflectance FT-IR (ATR-FT-IR) was used to identify chemical components of the microplastics from the samples. Scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) was applied for observation of surface morphology of the microplastics and for identification of the inorganic substance absorbed onto the surface. The observation showed that the microplastics surfaces were irregular, rough, hollow and porous, indicating severely weathered and eroded. Some microplastics surfaces had iron oxides and the others had crude oil and likely organisms, implying that the field microplastics could be rather complicated and provide highly adsorptive carriers adhering toxic pollutants and harmful to living biotas in coastal environment. The paper also puts forward an insight on future research needs on microplastics in ocean and coastal zones in China.

BiographyQian Zhou is studying for MSc in Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, majoring Coastal Environmental Science and Engineering. She has published 2 papers in Chinese Science Bulletin and applied for 1 patent and has been studying microplastics pollution in the coastal zones in China.

[email protected]

Qian Zhou et al., Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002


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Kengo Nishimura et al., Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002

New reinforcement technique for breakwater foundation to make breakwater resilient against tsunamiKengo Nishimura, Hemanta Hazarika and Babloo ChaudharyKyushu University, Japan

Tsunami waves generated by the 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake struck the Pacific coast of Tohoku region, Japan, which led to catastrophic damage for the population and waterfront structures, such as breakwaters and tide

embankments. Reports said that many breakwaters were destroyed because of scouring of foundation and strong horizontal forces on caisson imposed by the 2011 tsunami. Moreover, countermeasures for compound disaster due to predicted Nankai mega-earthquake and subsequent tsunami are issues that should be resolved urgently. Therefore, the authors developed reinforcing technique for breakwater foundation using steel sheet piles and gabions that can minimize damage subjected to the tsunami higher than the design tsunami level. In this research, hydraulic model tests were performed to evaluate tsunami resistant characteristic of proposed reinforcing technique. Comparisons were made between conventional breakwater foundation and proposed reinforced foundation. Results of this research revealed that the settlement and the inclination of the caissons during tsunami could be significantly reduced by the proposed reinforced breakwater foundation. Furthermore, it was found that steel sheet piles could remarkably reduce seepage flow through the rubble mound, and gabions could protect it from scouring.

BiographyKengo Nishimura has completed his Bachelor’s degree from Kyushu University and matriculated at Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University.

[email protected]

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ShiHong Lee, Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002

The photophysiological performance of benthic microalgae towards different environmental variables in the southern temperate wetlandsShiHong LeeInstitute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Australia

Microphytpbenthos (MPB) or benthic microalgal is unicellular microorganisms live in the surface and subsurface layers of the sediment in the coastal ecosystems. Despite of its microscopic size, it contributes to huge proportion of the

worlds’ primary productivity. MPB is the major food source for filter feeders and benthic invertebrates, which in turns the primary food source for the larger animals. The biofilm mats formed by MPBs also alter the biostabilisation and sediment structure of the ecosystem. However, coastal area is a highly dynamic zone, and it is subjected to distinct changes, both physically and biogeochemically. Hence, MPB has to be well-adapted in order to survive in this hydrodynamic environment, particularly Tasmania, where the weather fluctuates dramatically seasonally. This study focuses on the photo-physiological performance of MPB towards different environmental stressors fortnightly throughout a year in two Tasmanian wetlands. The optimum photochemical efficiency (FV/FM) and maximum relative electron transport rate (rETRmax) show that MPB has better photosynthetic performance at both sampling sites during the winter than that of summer, when the temperature and irradiance are lower. This could mainly due to the combined effects of extremely high temperature and irradiance that have exceeded the maximum threshold MPB could withstand, which in turns stressing the MPB. The initial slope, Alpha (α) and light saturation parameter (EK) of of rETR vs Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) curve are showing that MPB starts photosynthesising and reaches the maximum value quickly. This further supports the photosynthetic results that observed during the summer.

BiographyShiHong Lee is currently undertaking his final year PhD candidature at Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at University of Tasmania. He has been working as a research assistant with Professor Andrew McMinn, a leading scientist of seaice ecosystem studies in Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies. He published a paper after finishing his Bachelor of Marine Science (Honours) at University of Tasmania, entitled “Physiological response of temperate microphytobenthos to freezing temperatures”.

[email protected]

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M Vijay Prabhu et al., Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002

Delineation of fresh and seawaters interface using geospatial techniques in the Ramanathapuram coastal aquifer system Tamil Nadu south IndiaM Vijay Prabhu and S VenkateswaranPeriyar University, India

Seawater intrusion is a global issue nearly three quarters of the world population live near or on the coast, as found to be true in India also, which has about 7,500 km of coastline with many sprawling and still growing coastal cities. Ramanathapuram

coast is one of the important coastal areas for developed biodiversity in Tamil Nadu State, India. In 1986, a group of 21 islands lying off the Tamil Nadu coast between Thoothukudi and Dhanushkodi was declared the Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park its 10 km buffer zone was declared a Biosphere Reserve in 1989 by the govt.of India. The coastal regulation is thus a place of hectic human activity, resulting in human interference because of rapid development, such as rapid urbanization, harboring, fisheries, aquaculture and recreation, etc. The coastal ecosystem and landforms is now highly disturbed and very much threatened, by problems like exploitation of groundwater in coastal aquifer system, salt water intrusion, pollution, siltation, erosion, flooding, storm surges and ever expanding human settlements. In many coastal aquifers, the intrusion of seawater has become one of the major constraints imposed on groundwater utilization for the domestic, agricultural and industrial purposes. Seawater intrusion progresses, existing pumping wells, especially those close to the coast, become saline and have to be increased towards the landward side. Also, the area above the intruding seawater wedge is lost as a source of natural replenishment to the aquifer. The present study is mainly focusing on delineation of fresh and seawaters interfaces in the Ramanathapuram coast and find out remedial measures for sustainable development. The methodology adopted in the present study is Remote sensing, LANDSAT image and GPS data were used as primary data for extracting the shorelines. The base map of the study area has been prepared from Survey of India (SOI) Toposheet maps Nos. 58 N/11 (1971), 13,14 &15 (1970) on 1:50,000 scale. Different image processing techniques have been carried out to enhance the change deduction analysis. The southern coastal area of Tamil Nadu faces severe threat due to rapid changes in geology and geomorphology. This map is being extracted from the Geological Survey of India map and satellite image. Rainfall and water level data were collected from district meteorological stations for the latest years. The geophysical resistivity survey needs have been conducted in the various locations along the coast buffered from the sea shore line up to 1000 meters into the land and interpreted in terms of subsurface lithology / anomaly and seawater intrusion mapping for various depths along the coast. Through this study aquifer unit and their vertical and lateral extend of single and multilayered aquifer system was delineated. Water quality studies were carried out with some major elements and interpreted to assess its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. Delineation of fresh and saline water sharp interface is very essential to prevent and protect further degradation of landforms as well as the ecosystem. The aquifer management plan was developed based on the subsurface geological condition. By presenting this fairly comprehensive volume of knowledge and experience on seawater intrusion. The outcome could be more useful for coastal zone planners and policy makers.

BiographyM Vijay Prabhu has completed his PhD from Periyar University and continued his research in Post-doctorate in the same University funded by University Grants Commission, New Delhi. He is working in the field of Hydrogeology for the last fifteen years. He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals. He is received University Research Fellowship through Periyar University from December 2009 to August 2011 and working as a Project Fellow in University Grants Commission Major Research Project “WATERGIS” August 2011 to July 2014. He has received UGC Post-doctoral Fellow award Feb-2015 for his PDF research.

[email protected]

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Coastal Zones 2016


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Ho-Shong Hou, Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002

Marine environment around Taiwan coastHo-Shong HouFeng Chia University, TaiwanNational Taitung University, Taiwan

Coastal morphological change is an island-wide problem in Taiwan. Based on recent research, about 80% of the island’s sandy coastline had suffered from erosion over the past few decades. Historically, with the specific tectonic environment

and rapid uplifting rate in Taiwan, lots of sediment had been yielded and transported to the coastal area that resulted in an advancing shoreline. Those phenomena cause marine biology environment changes very much. A lot of long shore morphological features occur such as zeta-shape bay, circular bay, tombolo, river delta, lagoon, salient and barrier islands, etc. A buffer zone and wetland have been formed by waves, tides and winds, etc., and then for settling down of wild-birds and fishes and vegetation in the coastal mangrove. Wet-land with vegetation draws lots of birds living around the area. These near-shore zone involve aquaculture farms, a lot of fish and shrimp are grown up through marine aquaculture. Tidal flat produces a lot of marine biology, especially tidal circulation occurs there. At the South West like Pingdong Dapenwang lagoon a lot of oyster-raising farm and marine fish are cleaned and changed into national park for recreation use and a lot of vegetation greenifying and beautifying along the big-lake. At the east coast, especially Taitung coast full of ocean energy, wave energy, ocean current energy, especially ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC). Offshore 5 km away from Taitung and Hualien Coast will reach 1000 to 1500 meter deep, deep ocean water (DOW) temperatures are around zero to 4 degrees, while sea surface temperature around 20 to 25 degrees, temperature difference is more or less 20 degrees. If ammonia is used as catalyst, it is easy to generate electric power. Offshore 33 km from Taitung coast and about 5 km from Green Island, there exist 3-4 knots’ Kuroshiocurrent.

BiographyHo-Shong Hou worked for three years as a Hydraulic Laboratory Director and Chief Research Engineer with the Taichung Harbor Project, a man-made deep-water port construction on the West Coast of Taiwan. In 1976, he received his PhD in Civil and Coastal Engineering at the University of Florida. He then worked as the Director of the Graduate Institute of Harbor and Ocean Engineering at the National Taiwan Ocean University, and as an Adjunct Professor of the Institute of Naval Architecture at National Taiwan University. He subsequently became the Deputy Director of the Harbor Research Institute in Taichung for the following five years, whilst maintaining his two professorships. Soon after he accepted an offer to become the Division Director (and afterword Deputy Director-General) of the Institute of Transportation of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications (MOTC), positions he held for a total of 12 years. In 1995, he was promoted to Director-General of Department of Railways and Highways within the MOTC. He was in December 1998 invited by then Mayor of Kaohsiung to serve as Deputy Mayor. In this high responsibility role he was in charge of all municipal infrastructure development projects, and was also subsequently appointed to the position of Chief Commissioner of the Kaohsiung City Election Commission. He is a registered Civil and Hydraulic Engineer, and an active member of American Society of Civil Engineers. He was the President of PACON (2002-2008) International and a Life Member (from 2006).

[email protected]

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Link Block Protect Taiwan CoastHo-Shong Hou1 and Liu Chen Tan2

1Prof., of NSYSU.; adviser of Link Block Co. Kaohsiung2B.S., Law School, National Taiwan University; President of Link Block Co., Taiwan

Taiwan coast is surrounded by the Taiwan Strait and the Pacific Ocean. Sandy coasts are majority and severely scoured by North-Easterly winter monsoon and summer and autumn hurricane (i.e. typhoon). Link block (shore protection concrete

block) are largely placed along the beach or vertical to the beach or even arranged offshore parallel to coast (i.e. offshore breakwater) to induce sediment behind the offshore breakwater to reclaimed the lost sand of beach (i.e. beach nourishment). However, such as commercial harbor like Taipei Port, the armour unit of the breakwater are placed by Link Block For East Coast along the Pacific Ocean, the beach slope is very steep, therefore the toe of the coast highway (Highway No.9 & Highway No.11) need to be protected along the highway foundation to protect big waves act on the foundation and erode sand away. Link Block are then occupied largely along the shore to protect highway foundation and keep their stable and sound coast and foundation are not eroded away.

BiographyHo-Shong Hou worked for three years as a Hydraulic Laboratory Director and Chief Research Engineer with the Taichung Harbor Project, a man-made deep-water port construction on the West Coast of Taiwan. In 1976, he received his PhD in Civil and Coastal Engineering at the University of Florida. He then worked as the Director of the Graduate Institute of Harbor and Ocean Engineering at the National Taiwan Ocean University, and as an Adjunct Professor of the Institute of Naval Architecture at National Taiwan University. He subsequently became the Deputy Director of the Harbor Research Institute in Taichung for the following five years, whilst maintaining his two professorships. Soon after he accepted an offer to become the Division Director (and afterword Deputy Director-General) of the Institute of Transportation of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications (MOTC), positions he held for a total of 12 years. In 1995, he was promoted to Director- General of Department of Railways and Highways within the MOTC. He was in December 1998 invited by then Mayor of Kaohsiung to serve as Deputy Mayor. In this high responsibility role he was in charge of all municipal infrastructure development projects, and was also subsequently appointed to the position of Chief Commissioner of the Kaohsiung City Election Commission. He is a registered Civil and Hydraulic Engineer, and an active member of American Society of Civil Engineers. He was the President of PACON (2002-2008) International and a Life Member (from 2006).

[email protected]

Ho-Shong Hou et al., Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002


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Yosuke Alexandre Yamashiki, Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002

Continental-oceanic mutual interaction via material transportYosuke Alexandre YamashikiKyoto University, Japan

To promote discussion on mutual interaction between Continental and Oceanic zone, we have organized series of scientific session entitled as “Continental-Oceanic Mutual Interaction: Global-scale Material Circulation through River Runoff ”

since 2009 at Japan Geoscience Union (JpGU) annual meeting. Discharge from Continental-scale river basin is influenced by the fluctuation of SST from surrounding ocean. For river basin in South-American continent, it is well known that there are correlations between Discharge in Amazon River Basin and ENSO, together with Northern/Southern Tropical Atlantic Cold. In this survey, we are focusing on relationship with ENSO and IOD based on the hypotheses found in Chan et al. (2008). By analyzing correlation between precipitation data and IOD mode in the region there are some evidences that indicate relationship. Based on that approach, we made comparison with long-term observed discharge. It is found that discharge in Amazon basin are widely affected and influenced from those surrounding SST together with IOD in long distance. We also address importance of promoting Continental-Oceanic mutual monitoring focusing exclusively during extreme events. Through the observation by Yamashiki et al. (2014), it was prevailed that most of the contaminated material is discharged into the ocean during extreme weather events. The storm-mobilised radiocesium released into the pacific ocean from Abukuma Basin, the largest river system affected by fallout from the FDNPP, was an estimated 6.18 Terabecquerels corresponding to 61.4% of the total load delivered to the coastal zone during nearly-annual observation period. Future projection has also made by Adhiraga et al. (2015) introducing long-term impact on surrounding ocean.

BiographyYosuke Alexandre Yamashiki has completed PhD in Kyoto University in 1999, then he worked at UNEP-DTIE-IETC as an Associate Programme Officer from 1999-2001, contributing to the establishment of La Plata River Basin Environmental Management Network (RIGA) and the 3rd La Plata River Basin Workshop. He joined Kyoto University since 2008, where he received the Best Paper Award in 2014 for his research in monitoring of environmental radioactivity through the Japan Society of Hydrology and Water Resources. In July 2015, he was nominated as Chairperson of the UNESCO-IHP International Initiative of Water Quality (IIWQ) Experts Advisory Group for the next 2 years.

[email protected]

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The planning of offshore airport illustrating KaohsiungYuan-Ho Lin1, Ho-Shong Hou2,Yang-Yih Chen2 and Yang-Chi Chang1

1National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan2National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan

The re-building and redevelopment of major port and harbors in the world have been a great challenge and opportunities to coastal and harbor cities. The old scheme design of harbor port areas are losing its esteem and fading away because of

the raising industrialization, changes, production and business structure. These have made many major harbors to adapt a brand new reform on the use of port areas. The unused piers should be re-planned through a good reform on the port space. The development strategy and policy including the decision making and implementation must be undergoing a restrict plan, design and assessment. These consists of the components such as sustainable development, ecological factors, vision of science, product related industries and the competitiveness of port city. These are becoming seriously components to the port city for its success in the reform of harbors re-planning. The present study was initiated to research Kaohsiung Harbor and the aforementioned international port cities. It is intended to accomplish a comprehensive planning, strategy and recommendation for Kaohsiung port city.

BiographyYuan-Ho Lin,Department of Marine Environment and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University

[email protected]

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Multidisciplinary approach to coastal management and enhancement in an urbanised and built-up SingaporeNhung NguyenNational Parks Board, Singapore

Singapore’s coastlines have been modified since the early 1900s. Despite extensive loss of coastal habitats and the continued coastline modification and utilization by various industries, 35 mangrove, 12 seagrass, 255 hard coral species and a great

diversity of other marine fauna organisms can still be found in Singapore. However, the average Singaporean is largely unaware of the richness of our local marine habitats as the natural areas are usually not easily accessible. Apart from that, the majority of Singapore’s coastline is protected by seawalls and other artificial structures. Despite being the most prominent feature of the coast, these artificial structures usually host very little marine biodiversity due to its unsuitability as a substrate. Recent investigations suggest that larval supply of marine organisms is not limited in Singapore; however suitable habitat availability is limited in many areas. Thus, National Parks Board has conducted many empirical researches to enhance biodiversity of these artificial structures, particularly seawalls and rock revetments. This paper aims at introducing some initiatives being implemented in Singapore to improve substrate availability of the artificial coasts in Singapore. Through the creation and installation of innovative structures that support the natural settlement and colonization of suitable marine organisms, marine biodiversity will be enhanced. The purpose-built structures also allow better accessibility for both residents and visitors to get close to and appreciate our marine environment. The conservation of our native biodiversity through enhancement of coastal and marine habitats will enable Singapore to demonstrate our efforts to balance development with conservation.

BiographyNhung Nguyen obtained her PhD degree in Geography at Royal Holloway, University of London. Her research topic was about integrated coastal management with focus on local governance, and participatory mapping for coastal resource management. She studied the translation of international and national policies into local practices and vice versa. As part of the Coastal and Marine Branch at the National Biodiversity Centre at Singapore National Parks Board, she is currently focusing on implementing and developing Integrated Urban Coastal Management in Singapore. This involves bringing together and working with other stakeholders on cross-cutting issues of Singapore’s coastal and marine environment. She also manages a couple projects related to coastal biodiversity enhancement and geographic database development.

[email protected]

Nhung Nguyen, Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002


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Kazuhiro Kogure, Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002

On going 10 year project after the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011Kazuhiro KogureThe University of Tokyo, Japan

Japan is a country with frequent earthquakes, approximately, every 5 minutes somewhere in the country. Although it’s not regularly, big tsunami hits coastal area of Japan, approximately, every 20-30 years. Most of them are due to the earthquake

occured in Japan, while some are from other countries, like Chilie. On March 11, 2011, the Great East Japan Earthquake hit northern part of Japan, followed by huge tsunami in Tohoku area. Although there have been many reports on the damages to human societies and terrestrial environments, limited information is available for marine ecosystems. For instance, what kind of damages the earthquake and tsunami caused in coastal environments? Any vulnerable environments? Are they recovering? How did it affect bioresources in the area? Because off Tohoku area is one of the three major fishing areas in the world, understandings of effects of the earthquake and tsunami, and ecological processes to make the area productive is important. In order to answer these questions, Tohoku Ecosystem-Associated Marine Sciences (TEAMS) was launched in January 2012 supported by MEXT. Since then, intensive research have been conducted by more than 200 scientists including physics, chemistry, biology, geology, modeling and so on. A part of scientific findings and also its siginificance to the restoration of fisheries will be shown and discussed. We believe, there has been no case of such an intensive and multi disciplinary investigations right after big natural disturbances. Therefore, this can be an importan model for organizing scientific teams for possible future disasters.

BiographyKazuhiro Kogure has completed his PhD from Ocean Research Institute, the University of Tokyo. He has been working on ecology of marine microorganisms. He is currently the Director of Center for Earth Surface System Dynamics, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute. Since January 2012, he has been the PI of TEAMS (Tohoku Ecosystem-Associated Marine Sciences) in which more than 200 scientists and students have been conducting research. He also served as the Director of 10 cruises for investigating the area disturbed by the earthquake and tsunami that hit on March 11, 2011. He has more than 120 refereed papers.

[email protected]

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Justus Kithiia, Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002

Integrating social–ecological vulnerability assessments with climate forecasts to improve local climate adaptation planning for coral reef fisheries in Papua New GuineaJustus KithiiaSchool for Field Studies, Australia

A major gap exists in integrating climate projections and social–ecological vulnerability analyses at scales that matter, which has affected local-scale adaptation planning and actions to date. We address this gap by providing a novel methodology

that integrates information on: (i) the expected future climate, including climate-related extreme events, at the village level; (ii) an ecological assessment of the impacts of these climate forecasts on coral reefs; and (iii) the social adaptive capacity of the artisanal fishers, to create an integrated vulnerability assessment on coastal communities in five villages in Papua New Guinea. We show that, despite relatively proximate geographies, there are substantial differences in both the predicted extreme rainfall and temperature events and the social adaptive capacity among the five fishing dependent communities, meaning that they have likely different vulnerabilities to future climate change. Our methodology shows that it is possible to capture social information and integrate this with climate and ecological modelling in ways that are best suited to address the impacts of climate-mediated environmental changes currently underway across different scales.

BiographyJustus is an alumnus of Macquarie University where he obtained his PhD in Environment and Geography. Since 2011 Justus has been a lecturer at the School for Field Studies (Australia), and an affiliated academic with the University of Minnesota. The School for Field Studies is an environmental study abroad programme with 8 campuses located in different parts of the world. Previously, Justus has worked as a lecturer at the University of Sydney and a tutor and research Assistant at Macquarie University. Justus is interested in interdisciplinary research where he applies theories and applications from both natural and social sciences to understand environmental management and change. In particular, he uses novel decision frameworks that support the sustainable use of natural assets in the face of global environmental change. Much of his research has concentrated on exploring the processes through which communities self-organize, and how their knowledge can be leveraged to respond to changes in local conditions. He has undertaken research activities in East Africa, Sydney, Far North Queensland, and most recently, Papua New Guinea.

[email protected]

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The regulation of sustainable mangroves and coastal zones management in IndonesiaDina Sunyowati and Annisa FirdhausyUniversitas Airlangga, Indonesia

Mangrove is a part of the forest ecosystem as a whole, and lives between land and sea. Mangroves are very important in the management of coastal resources in Indonesia. In addition to having influence in the coastal ecological system, the

mangrove is also potentially economic, which are derived from three main sources, namely: Forestry, fisheries estuaries and coastal/internal waters. Mangroves have an important role in protecting coastal and maintaining the habitat for several species with diversity in certain coastal zones. In the past 5 years, the condition of mangrove forests has decreased both in number and in their wide functions as a buffer in the coastal zone. This was triggered by loosening licensing by the municipality or province to the entrepreneurs settlement, a location exploitation permit for companies or sites that are not environmentally friendly. It also triggered because they happen to overlapping legislation and mangrove forest management authority as part of the natural resources in coastal zones and illegal logging in mangrove forest. The research method used in this paper is a normative juridical, with the conceptual and statute approach. Based on data from the Ministry of Forestry Republic of Indonesia, there are Indonesia coastal zones that still have good potentials and the biggest areas of mangrove forest such as Papua, Eastern Borneo and Southern Borneo, Riau and South Sumatra. Sustainable and integrated management is necessary to prevent the loss of mangrove areas in Indonesia. The mangrove management should be integrated and sustainable based local community.

BiographyDina Sunyowati completed his Doctoral studies at the Post Graduate Programme of Airlangga University, Indonesia in the field of Law of the Sea. She is also working as a Lecturer for the course Law of the Sea, International Environmental Law and International Law. From the last 8 years, she regularly conducted research in the field of coastal management and small islands in Indonesia. Results from the study are regularly published in national journals and has been active in the seminar/national and international conferences. She is also active in Associations of Indonesian Coastal Management Expert.

[email protected], [email protected]

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Underground tube mangrove ecofarming systemFan HangqingGuangxi Mangrove Research Center, China

Following 7 years of field trials conducted in the mangrove areas of Guangxi Province, China, between 2007 and 2012, a mariculture system has been developed that greatly enhances natural productivity. This system is based on the installation

of underground tubes, and has resulted in annual mean production values of between 35,283, and 44,097 USD (1USD=6.5 China Yuan) per hectare per annum without requiring cutting or conversion of mangrove vegetation. Based on the peer trials, an improved system is being established in 2015. This article provides details of the system, its construction, operation, economics and production. Consisting of a network of underground tubes, erect pipes and management chambers, this system is based on enhancing the spatial heterogeneity of the benthic environment by burying plastic pipes in the mangrove soils thus providing refuges for economically important fishes with minimal disturbance to the mangrove root system. Landward shrimp ponds can be used as reservoirs to oxygenate the water in the system during low tide. Molluscs are raised on mudflat surfaces within the habitat. The ecofarming site is accessed by boardwalks that also facilitate ecotourism and public education. This ecofarming system is environmentally friendly because no enclosures are constructed and there is no industrial feed input. Since the bulk of the system is buried within the mangrove soils, it is resistant to storm and tidal surges, is easy to control and has low management cost, whilst the products are of high quality and have high recapture rates. To date, ten indigenous species have been trialled and five of them have been successfully raised and harvested. The underground tube ecofarming system is unique and original and not derived from any similar system currently in operation elsewhere in mangrove ecosystems. In 2015, the underground ecofarming system was improved by fish living box to minimize eruption probability of fish natural enemy, the leech Aestabdella sp, and round chamber replaced the prior rectangle chamber to increase drainage efficiency of sediment that usually causes lack of dissolved oxygen. In order to mitigate high water temperature during low tide period in summer, one meter depth ditches were dug on the bottom of shrimp pond, and plant drafts, Sesuvium portulacastrum, were put on water surface. In addition, mangrove and saltmarsh plants are cultivated along the pond edge as a shelter for fish. These measures facilitate shrimp pond not only being a reservoir but also a perfect habitat for multi-species aquaculture. Regarding the shrimp pond and underground tube as a whole system, more products and higher benefits are anticipated.

BiographyFan Hangqing has completed his PhD in 1991 from Xiamen University of China. He is the Director of Guangxi Mangrove Research Center. He has published more than 100 papers and 10 monographs in mangrove and seagrass. He is the Chairman of Academic Association for China Mangrove Ecology.

[email protected]

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Numerical Simulation of Large-scale Experiments at THL on Solitary Wave Evolution and Run-upYun-Ta Wu, Ray-Yeng Yang and Hwung-Hweng HwungInternational Wave Dynamics Research Center, National Cheng-Kung University, Taiwan

It is of great importance to understand the evolution and shoreline motion of long-wave on coastal beaches so as to have sufficient knowledge applied to inundation mapping and tsunami forecasting. Experimentally, reliable measurements are to

convincingly provide direct observation through naturally non-linear fluid system, which are useful and desirable for numerical model validation. Due to the limited length of laboratory-scale wave flume, some natural features of coastal environment in terms of mild slope and turbulent flow cannot be properly reproduced in laboratory-scale experiments. This fact implies the necessity of large-scale physical modeling tests. In the past ten years, detailed measurements on the evolution and run-up of breaking solitary waves on different gradients of sloping beaches have been carried out in a supertank (300m × 5.0m × 5.2m) at Tainan Hydraulics Laboratory (THL), National Cheng-Kung University, Taiwan. Artificial beaches built by smooth layers of concrete with different slope gradients, i.e., 1/20, 1/40, 1/60, 1/100 and composite geometry, have been constructed to investigate the slope effects on wave hydrodynamics. The purpose of this study is to validate an open-source non-hydrostatic model SWASH by using those of existing measured data conducted in a supertank of THL. After calibrating the Manning friction coefficient of the slope surface, model-data comparisons in terms of free surface elevations and run-up motions will be detailed. Finally, this model will then be used to study the effects of submerged obstacles into the implication of long-wave run-up mitigation and some preliminary results will be demonstrated through this presentation.

BiographyYun-Ta Wu has completed his PhD program at the age of 29 years from Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University and visiting scholar program in 2014 at Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University. Currently, he is a postdoctoral fellow at International Wave Dynamics Research Center, National Cheng-Kung University. His research interests are in the area of fluid mechanics with applications to coastal and ocean engineering.

[email protected]

Yun-Ta Wu et al., Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002


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AnneMarie Clements, Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002

Re-establishing the natural dune barrier coastal protectionAnneMarie ClementsAnne Clements and Associates Pty Ltd Environmental and Botanical Consultants, Australia

The Magenta Shores golf and tourist development fronts 2.3 km stretch of wind-swept, storm exposed Tuggerah Beach on Australia's east coast. The expected storm bite on this beach during a 1 in 100 year storm event is up to 300 m3 of sand per

linear metre of beach, based in the 1974 storm event. The sand dunes were environmentally degraded by former sand-mining, monoculture of Chrysanthemoides monilifera and use as a landfill site. The project aimed to increase the natural defence against storm waves and wind erosion. This was achieved by re-establishing the natural ecosystems associated with the parallel beach ridge landform, typical of a stable coastal Quaternary sand system. Dune slopes were stripped and re-contoured, natural sand trapping mechanisms placed on crests and onshore winds transported the sand to form foredune crests. From the 12 month trials on the re-constructed dunes, the most efficient method of re-establishing foredune Spinifex sericeus dominated vegetation was the burial of ripe Spinifex seed head in the moist sand layer. This achieved primary colonisation and development of a soil fungal hyphae network prior to introduction of secondary colonising species. Germination of Spinifex depended on its ripeness. Ripe seed coincides with bird swarms on the beach harvesting ripe seed in late December. Monitoring stakes were used as roosts by birds, promoting re-introduction of native plant species requiring germination by digestive tract stimulation. Bush regeneration reduced competition from weeds, allowing native vegetation cover to succeed. The success was achieved by mimicking the natural processes and was measured by cumulation of sand volume in the dunes and the ability to withstand the summer storms. The reconstructed dunes now provide enhanced protection from sand movement and storm bite for built assets and natural ecosystems.

BiographySenior restoration ecologist with M.Sc. (Macquarie Univ.) Thesis - The vegetation of bushland in the northern Sydney area and a Ph.D. (Univ. of Sydney) Thesis – The vegetation of the sand masses of the mid-north coast of New South Wales. She has more than 25 years experience. Anne is a specialist Certified Environmental Practitioner under the Environmental Institute of Australia and New Zealand CEnvP Program and has been a member of the CEnvP NSW certification panel. She is a certified BioBank Assessor. Her major research interests include the re-establishment of native ecosystems, impacts of urban development on vegetation and soil, pattern analysis, effects of inundation and salinity on the plant communities, metal concentrations on plant growth and bioaccumulation. She has utilised her research in designing and implementing rehabilitation / conservation programs as part of sustainable developments.

[email protected],[email protected]

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P A Hazelton, Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002

The reconstruction of an ecologically sustainable sand dune system from a former coastal sand mined siteP A HazeltonUniversity of Technology, Sydney, Australia

The Magenta Shores a resort and golf course development fronts 2.3 km of Tuggerah Beach on a formerly sand mined and landfill site in an urban growth area on the central coast of New South Wales, Australia. In the development area, more than

one million cubic metres of sand was collected and reshaped to mimic a parallel dune ridge landform. To increase the natural defenses against storm waves and mass sand movements, the incipient foredune was retained and the parallel beach ridge landform was re-established by mimicking natural processes. A high mound, an artifact of the sand mining in the northern section of the reconstructed dune, was not reshaped. This high area was allowed to naturally wind erode. A minor blowout began to form as sand moved off this mound. To lessen the slope and aid in the regeneration process of the dune system, it was necessary to create additional sand trapping. One kilometre of organic 200 g/m2 jute fabric with 40 percent porosity, 600 mm high, fastened to degradable wooden stakes, was positioned in a series of rows appropriate to the wind direction to capture sand both in front and behind the fence. To minimise blowouts forming, the jute at the end of each row was overlapped in a triangular shape at the ends of each fence so that there was no sharp defining edge. These fences assisted in retaining sand volume of the reconstructed dunes enabling the establishment of trials for coastal vegetation regeneration.

BiographyP A Hazelton is currently working as a Senior Lecturer, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Associate Member, CTWW - Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater Treatment. Her Research interests included Environmental engineering including acid sulfate soil identification and management; and applied soil science for urban land management.

[email protected]

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Field establishment and dynamic response investigation of multifunction movable offshore foundation based marine LiDAR systemRay-Yeng Yang1, Hsin-Hung Chen1, Wen-Yang Hsu1, Pei-Chi Chang1 and Wayne Chen2

1National Cheng-Kung University, Taiwan 2Ta Chiao Chou Yacht (Ship) Building Co., Ltd

Due to the consideration of a great fleet of large ships needed for constructing offshore wind turbines not already been established (lacking facilities) in Taiwan, one concept of multifunctional movable foundation for the offshore wind

turbines was proposed in this study for making local marine construction of offshore wind turbines in Taiwan much easier and less expensive. Thus a series of interdisciplinary studies, including numerical simulation, laboratory tests and field experiment, were conducted for the proof-of-concept of this innovative movable type foundation as local marine method & fleet in Taiwan. Based on this concept, marine LiDAR system (for wind profile measurement) or offshore wind turbine (for wind electrical power output) can be mounted on this multifunctional movable foundation in the ship dock instead of on ocean field site installation. The goal of this investigation is to follow the program of the “government grant for offshore wind development” by the Bureau of Energy, Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA), Taiwan, dividing the project into two main phases. The first phase (this study, from 2015~2016) is to establish the multifunction movable offshore foundation based marine LiDAR system which is the near full-scaled foundation for the meteorological observation and structure stability investigation. Then the second phase (from 2017~2018) is to establish the foundation for two 3.6 MW offshore wind turbines for full-scaled foundation field investigation and the real offshore wind energy production and wind turbine performance tests.

BiographyRay-Yeng Yang completed his PhD from National Taiwan University. He is a Senior Researcher, Deputy Director and Secretary-General of Tainan Hydraulics Laboratory, National Cheng Kung University. He has authored more than 150 papers (25 SCI, 35 EI papers and 118 Conference papers), two book chapters and 85 technical research reports.

[email protected]

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Particle motions produced by a solitary wave interacting with a plateChih-Hua ChangLing-Tung University, Taiwan

This study is aimed at the interaction of a solitary wave with a vertical thin plate to simulate the particle behaviors of vortex flow. The stream function-vorticity free-surface (SVFS) model using boundary-fitted grid combined with local overset

grid to reveal vortex motions is applied and extended. The SVFS model is a fully-nonlinear viscous wave model. Virtual particles are scattered and traced to perform the vortex motions. Mechanical behaviors such as the streamlines, pathlines, streaklines and transient particle distributions are illustrated. Present numerical model is treated in a dimensionless scale referencing the undisturbed water depth and linear-long-wave celerity. For an infinitesimal plate, the flow characteristics are only dominated by three dimensionless parameters, that is the incident-wave height (A0), plate height (S), and Reynolds number (Re). In this paper, first, we compare qualitatively the streamline patterns with the experimental observations of the particle-tracing photographs. According to the experimental conditions, the Re is approximated as 66800. After verification, we analyze numerically the flow characteristics with different A0 and S. Only the brief results are shown here. An incident solitary wave moving toward right starts at x=-15 in front of the plate.

BiographyChih-Hua Chang is an Associate Professor of the Department of Information Management, and Natural Science Division in General Education at Ling-Tung University in Taiwan. He earned a PhD degree in 1997 in Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering of National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan. He has been at Ling-Tung University since 2003. His research interests include Geographic Information System, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, and Computational Fluid Dynamics.

[email protected]

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The new European common fisheries policy and the obligation to land all catches: The port of Santa Pola (Mediterranean Spain) as a study caseJose María BellidoInstituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Spain

Reduce the discards levels in European Union fisheries is a target of the new Common Fisheries Policy. To achieve it, we will require to land all regulated species by catch limits and some species regulated by minimum sizes. Due to the

characteristics of the Mediterranean Sea, the feasibility, effectiveness and the consequences of applying the measure in this region are questioned. This paper aims to answer these questions to improve the management of discards. For this purpose, the discard of an important Spanish Mediterranean port was characterized considering all species caught and, on the other hand, the species proposed by the CFP. The measure also was assessed using a SWOT analysis due to the evaluation of the critical points of regulation by fishermen, managers, NGOs, scientists and entrepreneurs. The daily discard was 11.7 Tm (All Species) and 1.8 Tm (Proposed species), and 2623 Tm were discarded annually (All Species) and 421 Tm (Proposed Species). The regulation showed greater weaknesses and threats (72.6%) than strengths and opportunities (27.4%). The high costs associated with the measure, the necessary logistics, the lack of motivation and adequate control create a negative balance, despite the proposed objective, the willingness of fishermen to reduce discards and the use of the resource by destination proposed. The negative balance shows that the measure does not appear to be feasible in the Mediterranean. Therefore discards will not be reduced in this sea. Perhaps an approach focused on mitigating the causes of discard can be more effective than the proposed of the new CFP.

BiographyJose María Bellido acquired his PhD at the Department of Zoology, University of Aberdeen, Scotland (1997/2002). During the last few years, discards became his main research field. His expertise is also requested in spatial modelling and stock assessment in the Mediterranean as well as in the Atlantic stocks on small pelagic species. He has been the Director (Head of Unit) of the Oceanographic Centre of Murcia (IEO) from 2009 to 2014. Now, he is focusing on various research projects at the same IEO Centre and is teaching at the University of Alicante, mainly to Master students in Fisheries and Marine Sciences and supervises PhD students.

[email protected]

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The use of submerged breakwaters in PolandAgnieszka Kubowicz-GrajewskaUniversity of Gdansk, Poland

Submerged breakwaters are one of the coastal structures used to reduce the amount of energy reaching the shore, by forcing waves to break and by extending the residence time of sediments in a sheltered area. Because of the number of aesthetic

and environmental advantages the use of submerged breakwaters is gaining popularity in many locations around the world, particulary in Poland where submerged breakwaters have been used in the vicinity of Kołobrzeg and in Gdynia Orłowo. The first location is a popular tourist resort at the Batic Sea coast, where those constructions were erected in the years 2010-2012. The second one is located in the region of cliff coast, part of Nature Reserve where breakwaters were built in 2006. Both of those cases deserve a special attention due to variety of conditions overlapping at one location, making it a most interesting case study. Among the most important, one can point out specific geological conditions, especially in the nearshore zone, along with an intensive abrasion and lack of sediment supply. Those natural phenomena are followed by a series of manmade shore protection systems, composing of breakwaters, groins and beach nourishment. Based on conducted research the influence of structures on the shore zone morphodynamics has been determined and their effectiveness in coastal protection assessed.

BiographyAgnieszka Kubowicz-Grajewska has completed her PhD in 2012 at the Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk. She is an Assistant Professor in Department of Marine Geology. She is an Author of 3 papers in reputed journals and 4 book chapters. Her areas of research are morpholithodynamics of the coastal zone, and coastal zone protection.

[email protected]

Agnieszka Kubowicz-Grajewska, Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002


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Ho-Shong Hou et al., Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002

Ocean energy of Taitung Coast in TaiwanHo-Shong Hou and Peng-Hsi HouProfessor, Marine Environment & Engineering Department, National Sun Yat Sen University, Taiwan.

Taiwan east coast is full of ocean energy, especially Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC). Offshore which is 3 km away from Hualien coast or Taitung coast will reach 1,000 M to 1,500 M. Their temperatures are around zero to 4 degrees,

while surface temperature is around 25 to 28 degrees; temperature difference is more than 20 degrees. If ammonia is used as the catalyst, it is easy to generate electric power. Offshore 33 km from Taitung coast and about 5 km from Green Island, there exists 3~4 knots’ Kiroshio current. MOEA is currently planning to develop 3 giga watts power. For the convenience to develop the Ocean Energy and Ocean Resources, the planning of an airport and seaport is shown for future transportation of energy and Deep Ocean Water (DOW) products. The SHOTEC power plant is a good solution of OTEC. That scheme not only offers three times thermal efficiency to that of a conventional OTEC plant but also circumvents the difficulties of deployment of deep seawater pipe and evaporator biofouling problem. Therefore, this power plant has advantage of (1) combination of solar and deep seawater energy; (2) without carbon dioxide emissions and waste storage problem; (3) sustainability. This complex ports involve ocean engineering arrangements of ocean engineering installation, DOW intake pipeline, OTEC Fish Coral Reef, etc., and seaport facilities of DOW R&D Center, value added center, logistic center and Tourism Recreation Center. DOW products and mineral DOW water involve cold floral, cold seafood, cold fishery products, etc., will be fast transported by this offshore airport to keep their fresh and coldness. These complex ports (seaport and airport) will develop and enhance the eastern Taiwan’s economical development. The ocean energy development of Taitung is welcome an international technical cooperation to participate its ongoing promotion and future developing.

BiographyHo-Shong Hou worked for three years as a Hydraulic Laboratory Director and Chief Research Engineer with the Taichung Harbor Project, a man-made deep-water port construction on the West Coast of Taiwan. In 1976, he received his PhD in Civil and Coastal Engineering at the University of Florida. He then worked as the Director of the Graduate Institute of Harbor and Ocean Engineering at the National Taiwan Ocean University, and as an Adjunct Professor of the Institute of Naval Architecture at National Taiwan University. He subsequently became the Deputy Director of the Harbor Research Institute in Taichung for the following five years, whilst maintaining his two professorships. Soon after he accepted an offer to become the Division Director (and afterword Deputy Director-General) of the Institute of Transportation of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications (MOTC), positions he held for a total of 12 years. In 1995, he was promoted to Director- General of Department of Railways and Highways within the MOTC. He was in December 1998 invited by then Mayor of Kaohsiung to serve as Deputy Mayor. In this high responsibility role he was in charge of all municipal infrastructure development projects, and was also subsequently appointed to the position of Chief Commissioner of the Kaohsiung City Election Commission. He is a registered Civil and Hydraulic Engineer, and an active member of American Society of Civil Engineers. He was the President of PACON (2002-2008) International and a Life Member (from 2006).

[email protected]

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Determinig what factor techno or geogenne cause magnetic and geochemical anomalies tracks estuary of the Vistula river to the Baltic SeaLeszek LeczynskiUniversity of Gdansk, Poland

Environment pollution, and water ecosystems in particular, poses a meaningful problem in a global scale. Seas and oceans territories are the receivers of all organic and non-organic substances, such as heavy metals, nutrients and oil derivatives.

These dangerous substances accumulate in bottoms, especially in the littoral zone. Therefore it is extremely important to determine the sort and quantities of substances brought into the seas directly with the river waters and the influence which these have upon marine ecosystems. The results of this study is to determine the scale of changes in terms of the quality of Gdansk Bay bottoms located in the estuary area of the Vistula River, with the usage of modern magnetic techniques. The samples of sediments and soils were subjected to magnetic analysis, i.e. the measurement of magnetic susceptibility by means of MS2 Barington, the magnetic susceptibility gauge equipped with magnetic detectors MS2B or MS2F, and chemical analysis, i.e. examination of heavy metals. The magnetic techniques is rely upon the measurement of low-field and specific magnetic susceptibility, as well as upon calculated frequency correlation between magnetic susceptibility and the constitution of heavy metals and oil-derivative substances in the samples of examined sediments and soils. Based on the studies, was defined the impact of techno or geogenic factors in the sediments of the Vistula River estuary zone based on the characteristics of an easy to measure geophysical gauge of marine environment pollutions, which thus can be widely ractised in seas and oceans monitoring.

BiographyLeszek Leczynski is an Associate Proffesor in Geology (applied geology and marine geology); he is the Head of the Laboratory of Applied Geology, Department of Marine Geology, Institute of Oceanography. He is the Vice-President of the Polish Polar Consortium. His area of research includes: Lithodynamics of coastal seas and oceans, the modeling of coastal zone morpholithodynamical processes, geophysical methods in marine geology, geological documentation of the sedimentary structures and archeological objects on the seabed. He has participated in a scientific expedition Spitsbergen in the years 2011, 2012, 2015. He has published more than 50 papers.

[email protected]

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Web-based software as a service for coastal and marine spatial planningWill McClintockUniversity of California, USA

In the last decade, scientists, resource managers and technologists have made great strides in the development and implementation of online tools that promote participation, science-based decisions and transparency. It is now well

recognized that simple, easy-to-use, web-based applications can help stakeholders without a science or technical background, develop spatial plans that are grounded in peer-reviewed research. This talk underscores the importance of combining modeling approaches (which may be somewhat cryptic to the average stakeholder) with geodesign, a process of iterative sketching (drawing) and analysis. Using a web-based tool called SeaSketch (www.seasketch.org), in combination with other popular planning tools such as Marxan and Marine InVEST, users may generate and explore virtually any spatial plan and estimate the potential consequences of that plan. I will argue that user-friendly geodesign tools lower the technical threshold to participatory planning. Finally, I will emphasize the importance of gathering stakeholder input by way of unstructured, map-based discussion forums. When it comes to understanding the relative merits of any planning scenario, the discussions and debate around any given scenario has a great deal of importance, particularly to stakeholders and the final decision-makers. I will demonstrate how map-based discussion forums in SeaSketch facilitated a highly successful marine spatial planning exercise in Barbuda.

BiographyWill McClintock has a PhD in Ecology, Evolution and Marine biology from the University of California Santa Barbara. His lab of software engineers and marine spatial planners has supported coastal and marine planning initiatives in the US, UK, Canada, New Zealand, Cook Islands, Barbuda, Montserrat, Curaçao, and the Galapagos Islands.

[email protected]

Will McClintock, Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002

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Impacts of the Nutrient Inputs from Riverine on the Dynamic and Community Structure of Fungal-like Protists in the Coastal Ocean EcosystemsGuangyi WangSchool of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, China

The coastal ocean connects terrestrial (e.g., rivers and estuaries) with oceanic ecosystems and is considered as a major component of global carbon cycles and budgets. The coastal waters are featured with a high biodiversity and high primary

production. Because of the excessive primary production, a large fraction of primary organic matter becomes available to consumers as detritus in the coastal waters. Bacterioplankton have long been known to play a key role in the degradation of this detritus, and export and storage of organic matter in the coastal ecosystems. However, the primary and secondary production and the carbon biogeochemical processes in the ecosystems are largely regulated by nutrient inputs from riverine and other anthropogenic activities through heterotrophic microbial communities.

Thraustochytrids, commonly known as fungal-like protists, are unicellular heterotrophic protists and are recently acknowledged to play a significant role in ocean carbon cycling. Their abundance exceeds that of bacterioplankton in the most time of the year in the coastal waters of China. Also, their abundance and diversity are largely regulated by nutrients inputs from riverine and other anthropogenic activities. Our findings support that thraustochytrids are a dominant heterotrophic microbial group in the coastal waters. Evidently, thraustochytrids are an import, but neglected, component in microbial carbon biogeochemical processes of the coastal ocean.

BiographyGuangyi Wang has completed his PhD from the University of Californiat at David and postdoctoral studies from University of California at Berkeley. Dr. Wang is the Founding Director of The Center for Marine Environmental Ecology and the Associate Dean of School of Environmental Science & Engineering at Tianjin University. He has authored over 50 peer-reviewed papers, chaired numerous sessions or panels for international conferences, and delivered numerous invited talks and lectures. Dr. Wang is members of Editorial Board for 2 international journals and a peer reviewer of over 25 international journals.

[email protected]

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Examination of the necessities, dimensions and considerations for codification of an Iranian national ocean policySeyed Ziaeddin MadaniIranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, Iran

Today, majority of states have developed a national ocean policy. This is particularly the case of states with a considerable surrounding marine area and/or sufficient infrastructure to utilize oceans’ benefits. Iran despite the significant benefits

attached to it and the possibility of easy access to high seas yet failed to develop a national ocean policy. A national ocean policy is initially an instrument that recognizes the key role of sea and ocean, coastal zones and their ecosystems in national economy, security, culture, health, welfare as well as wellbeing of each and every person therein and tends to promote the said role in a national context. Such instrument also functions with the aim to elate public awareness vis-à-vis benefits and advantages oceans may bring along for them in order to be wisely and consciously utilized based on up-to-date science and research mechanisms. A national ocean policy instrument also entails contents pertaining to protection and preservation of natural resources and marine habitats of the State’s surrounding and accessible waters for the sustainable use of current and future generations. Ocean and marine activities in a national ocean policy vary based on the vast and diverse usages of all types of body of water. This paper while intends to examine the necessities, dimensions and considerations to develop and codify an Iranian national ocean policy, devises the principles and constituents seem needful to be envisaged therein with a legal and policy perspective.

BiographySeyed Ziaeddin Madani is UNESCO-IOC Expert on Marine Scientific Research for Special Arbitration under Annex VIII of UNCLOS. He is also the Head of the Department of Law of the Sea and Ocean Policy at the Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, and is an Assistant Professor in International Law of the Sea. He has a particular interest and has published papers on Law of the Sea and Ocean Policy, Antarctic Law and Policy, Legal Aspects on Marine Scientific Research, etc.

[email protected] [email protected]

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Jeng-Di Lee et al., Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002

The direct and indirect environmental impacts from tourism in a Small Island, Hsiao Liuqiu, TaiwanJeng-Di Lee, Chih-Ting Hsu and Chia-Fa ChiNational Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan

Small islands are highly developmental areas for tourism. A small island, Hsiao Liuqiu in Taiwan has folded its tourist numbers four-times in the last ten years and the number of the tourists now is up to 600 thousands per year officially.

Therefore, there is a need to understand the impacts caused directly and indirectly by the fast developed tourism. We had conducted a three-year survey focused on three parts of the island, i.e., intertidal zone biodiversity, road-killed land crabs populations, and natural habitats on land to check the causes and the trends of impacts. Several investigating skills were used in this study, such as some qualitative research methods, questionnaire, interview and direct observation and quantified data for land crab population estimation. The impacts made by the tourist in the survey sites of intertidal zone showed the scale is still covered in natural successional change. The land crabs populations are significantly directly impacted by increasing number of tourists since it comes along with the increasing number of motorcycles. However, the loss of natural habitats seems to not make indirect impacts on the land crabs populations and intertidal biodiversity in our study. A strong norm from local culture for land use could explain this indirect effect. The norm regulated the distribution of new accommodation buildings for tourism. After we had checked out the impacts, we also introduced some mitigative and adaptive measures for the impacts into the island’s integrated coastal management.

BiographyJeng-Di Lee is an Assistant Professor of Integrated Ocean and Coastal Management in National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU). His Doctoral degree on the Philippines coastal management had been completed from King’s College London, in which applied a political ecology approach. He published a new book, ‘The Coastal Management in Taiwan: Impacts and Conflicts’ in 2015.

[email protected]

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Mapping of vulnerable areas based on GIS analysis: An effective response to restoration of coastal environments impacted by spills and hazardous substance releases in West African coastline case of Republic of Côte d’IvoireKouadio Affian and D H N’DAUniversité Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Côte d’Ivoire

The major oil production carried out in the Gulf of Guinea, and the frequent transportation of petroleum products in the maritime area creates a significant risk of pollution on the West African coast. The primary objectives of this study are to

outline the strategic approach to synthesize the data, and define the data structure for compiling maps of Cote d’ivoire shoreline at a scale of 1:25,000 using GIS technology. In this paper, three types of data were used: (i) Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI), which allowed shoreline classification; (ii) Biological Resources, including oil-sensitive animals and rare plants, and habitats, which are used by oil-sensitive species (or) are themselves sensitive to oil spills, such as submersed aquatic vegetation; (iii) Human-Use Resources means specific areas that have added sensitivity and value because of their use, such as local fisherman village, hotels, industries, airport, port, parks, water intakes, etc. By crossing The ESI Data Layer, Biological Map Layer and Human-Use Data Tables, we were able to generate maps of sensitive areas that might be affected by pollution in the coastal area of Côte d’Ivoire. This mapping of coastal vulnerability to pollution is a necessary step for the development of the emergency response plan. It provides decision makers with the appropriate information for identification of the most sensitive sites before an incident and enables them to provide an appropriate strategy for the protection and control (particularly for sensitive sites), and implement an adequate means to implement the strategy.

BiographyKouadio Affian is a Vice President of University Felix Houphouet-Boigny in charge of Training and research Centre Universitaire de Recherche et d’Application en Télédétection (CURAT) • Océanography.Done his PhD in Remote sensing and marine geology.Having upto 35 international publications.

[email protected][email protected]

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Seyed Kazem Alavipanah et al., Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002

A comparison between surface and subsurface temperature of water body based on remotely sensed thermal infrared data in the coastal zoneSeyed Kazem Alavipanah, Elahe Akbari, Mehrdad Jeihouni and Mohammad HajebUniversity of Tehran, Iran

Study on surface and subsurface temperature is an important factor in managing coastal processes such as biological activity, heat momentum and exchange, interaction with the surrounding air and climate change. Environmental conditions and

different geographical location lead to the temperature difference in day and night and in different seasons. It may temporarily affect air-sea interactions by altering the heat and gas fluxes, atmospheric circulation and the height of the atmospheric boundary layer. Thermal remote sensing and new sensors such as SEVIRI, HyspIRI, AMSR-E, and MIRAS can be used to simulate sea subsurface temperature. Meanwhile, accurate results of ocean subsurface temperature can be obtained by precise determination of surface parameters like wind speed, radiation/heat balance at the surface, SST and SSH/dynamic height, mixed layer depth, thermocline bottom depth, sea surface salinity, conductivity, etc. Due to the important role of subsurface and deeper ocean temperatures on global warming nowadays, proper and successful estimations of complex nature of SST and ocean subsurface temperature by considering most effective parameters are challenging. Regarding the horizontal and vertical surface and subsurface temperature anomalies, it can be concluded that most diurnal warming can occur at shallower depths. Further the temperatures will decline away from the coast. Studying the diurnal temperature of sea showed that high peak almost was occurring between 10:00 and 15:00 SST in March, April and May, but it was seen between 11:00 and 16:00 in June, July and August. In all month, minimum values were observed between 02:00 and 04:00 almost. A peak decrease was observed during the transition from late winter to summer.

BiographySeyed Kazem Alavipanah has completed his PhD from University of Gent, Belgium. He has received about 10 awards and honors and issued 10 books mainly on RS and GIS, on art and humanities, and also published more than 300 articles and conducted more than 20 projects. He is member of International Desertnet. He has membership in EARSeL, the committee of planning for natural resources of Iran, in high council for natural disasters of Iran. He is also a member of Intergovernmental Panel on Soils (ITPS), and coordinator of World Soil Report of Noth East and North Africa, FAO-UN.

[email protected]

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Environmental sensitivity mapping as a management tool for coastal protection in the contingency planning for oil spill responseSylvia JagerroosEnvironmental Resource Management, Malaysia

The Deepwater Horizon oil spill is considered the largest accidental marine oil spill in the history. Extensive damage to marine and wildlife habitats, fishing and tourism industries was reported, and is still ongoing today. One of the primary

objectives of oil spill planning and response, after protecting human life, is to reduce the environmental consequences of a spill. This objective is best achieved if the locations of sensitive resources are identified in advance, so that protection priorities can be established and the most appropriate clean-up strategy selected. The most commonly adopted approach to define these sensitive areas or receptors are based on the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) Mapping strategy, where the data collected are divided into different categories of sensitivity with their relevant features and stored in a GIS database. The question is whether the operators are updating their coastal areas sensitivity map accordingly and efficiently and whether the operators are sharing their data with government agencies, in order to enhance coastal conservation and coastal protection and maximise the response in case of an emergency event.

BiographySylvia Jagerroos is a Senior Consultant with ERM and has over fifteen years’ experience assessing a wide range of marine environment and has in depth knowledge of sensitive tropical habitat assessments. She is specialised in Climate Change and resilience adaptation, and has collaborated with the World Bank to establish Coastal Management plans on islands in the Maldives. She has assessed other projects in a wide range of countries like Kenya, Sri Lanka, Australia, Philippines, Brunei Darussalam and Malaysia. She is currently working on several offshore projects in the region of South East Asia where she is developing environmental studies mainly for the oil and gas sector.

[email protected]

Sylvia Jagerroos, Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002


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Salvatore Mauro, Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002

Very low underwater background noise test bedSalvatore MauroCNR-INSEAN - Marine Technology Research Institute, Italy

Since late 70's CNR-INSEAN is technically and scientifically focused on radiated hydrodynamic noise measurements on any typology of seagoing bodies (surface and/or underwater). During long years of activities a number of indoor facilities

and both experimental and theoretical EFD (Experimental Fluid Dynamics) techniques have been used and developed in order to investigate, understand and prevent topics such as: both inner and radiated propeller noise evaluation and reduction, propeller-rudder-wake "noisy" interactions, sonar dome housing, cavitation noise evaluation and reduction, noise signature and mapping, etc.

The aim of the author is to present the technical and scientific activities on going at CNR-INSEAN'S Outdoor Maneuvering Basin in order to use it as very low underwater background noise test bed for a number of research activities as: - point-to-point and/or broadcast underwater data transmission

- underwater very low-noise lab for radiated noise measurements produced by surface small-sized full scale bodies, underwater full scale AUV's, ROV's and/or any other platform - qualified test bed for electronic noise quantification on underwater technologies (sensors, data transmission equipment, complete autonomous/tethered platforms, etc.).

BiographySalvatore Mauro is working as a Scientist Researcher at CNR-INSEAN since 1995 – Present(21 years) from the Manoeuvrability Dept. under Unmanned free running self-propelled model tests. previously his working experiences under 7th EU FP Project "HYMAR" since 2009 – 2011 (2 years) and HYPERLINK who have worked at this company" 6th FP EU during 2008 – 2010 (2 years).And 10years with Ricercatore , INSEAN for 2000 – 2010.

[email protected]

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The Study Of Dynamic Behaviour Of Outlet Channels Of Upputeruat Kolleru Lake, IndiaP S N AcharyuluAndhra University, India

The Kolleru Lake is connected to the sea through Upputeru with two channels, old original mouth and new artificial mouth. The purpose of the new artificially dredged channel was to increase the discharge capacity of the lake, especially during

extreme flood events, but it completely alters the Hydrodynamics of the Upputeru channel. The artificial dredging of the new channel mouth brings a seasonal shift in old mouth and makes old mouth shallower than prior construction of the new mouth.The shallow old mouth discharge water only when there is a surplus amount of water accumulated in the new mouth and also during extreme flood events. The seasonal shift of the old mouth is due to the lack of sufficient discharge from the main course of the channel, which was diverted through new mouth and because of seasonal change in the offshore circulation in the adjoining sea. The course of the new mouth was also modified by the action of waves, currents and tides of the adjoining sea as there is a change in the distribution of wave energies at both the river mouths due to different seasons. The Reversal of flow pattern was observed at the river confluence, where the new channel was diverted from the old channel.

[email protected]

P S N Acharyulu, Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002


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Environmental impact of coastal aquaculture in the areas of Thoothukudi District: Using contingent and hedonic pricing methodSacratees J and Ayesha Raihan SDepartment of Economics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, India

Coastal aquaculture production is increasingly becoming popular in Thoothukudi district as a means to make the ends meet in daily lives of the coastal communities who mostly depend on marine ecosystem for subsistence and income. Besides,

coastal aquaculture is one of the major activities in the coastal environment. Therefore, its operation has direct and indirect effects on the marine ecosystem and other resources based economic sector operations in the area. Aquaculture is a human activity and there is an obvious relationship between human ecology and aquaculture development. The focus of this research is to assess environmental impact of coastal aquaculture with other economic factors and specifically with the question of externalities – the side effect of actions by individuals and firms that impact on the well-being of others. Continuous pumping of seawater or saline water into vast confined pond areas would lead to salination of agricultural land. Similarly, continuous withdrawal of ground water might lead to drying up of shallow wells or salt-water intrusion. Transformation of multi-ownership coastal aquaculture resource into private owned single ownership would lead to social displacement of local fishermen. The research reveals that the land price of shrimp culture has been analysed based on the data from various stretches pooled together. Out of 251 household respondents who were engaged in aqua cultural activities about the land price is differed due to so many factors which are highly attributed due to environmental impacts. These results have several noteworthy features. First, the model has a good fit. The chi-square value is 67.13, which is highly significant at 1%. Pseudo R2 value is 0.83, which means that about 83.2% of the variations in the land price are explained by the included independent variables. Almost all the independent variables have a positive influence on the land price except the variables of other external factors that too institutional failure is more significant factor which has positive relation towards land price. Similarly, the Contingent Valuation model is re-estimated based on the multiple linear estimation method after eliminating the non-significant variable X1. It implies that the age variable is positively correlated with the dependent variables, which means that the respondents WTP will increase when the age raises; the residence time variable is negatively correlated with the dependent variables, which means that the respondents WTP will decrease when the residence time raises; the monthly income variable is positively correlated with dependent variables, which means that the respondents WTP will increase when the monthly income raises; the occupation variable will not be analyzed due to its discontinuity; the degree variable is positively correlated with the dependent variables, which means that the respondents WTP will increase when the degree raises. The main factors that influence the respondents WTP are age, monthly income and degree, out of which age and degree have a negative effect, while the monthly income has a positive effect. The main factors influencing the respondents WTA are age, residence time, monthly income and degree, the occupation variable being neglected due to its non-significant effect. The age, monthly income and degree have a positive effect, while the residence time has a negative effect. The willingness to pay analysis result indicates that the respondents are mainly influenced by age, monthly income and degree. These three factors have a significant effect on the WTA towards coastal environment.

BiographySacratees had 13 years research experience and 10 years in teaching field for Environmental Economics/Resource Economics/ Agriculture/Health Economics.Published 4 international papers and 18 national papers.Currently working as a Assistant Professor & Head-in-Charge for Department of Economics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, India

[email protected]

Sacratees J et al., Oceanography 2016, 4:1(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002


http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-2632.C1.002

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