Confidential - Copyright MMX Accelerations Educational Software 1 Video Modeling and the Activity...

Confidential - Copyright MMX Accelerations Educational Software

1

Video Modeling and the

Activity TrainerThursday 9/12/2013

3:00 PM Eastern

Karl Smith, FounderAccelerations Educational Software

[email protected]


Personal Connection

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Accelerations Educational Software

• Products in – over 1100 School Districts– 100s of Private Schools &

Institutions– 1000s of homes– 2 Foreign Versions

• Canadian & Spanish

• DT Trainer & Activity Trainer

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Products Advisory Board

• Peter Gerhardt, Ed. D.Chairman Scientific Council for the Organization for Autism Research

• Dr. Stephen ShoreProfessor of Special Ed, Board Member Autism Society of AmericaAuthor & Internationally Known Speaker on Autism, Individual with Autism

• Robert Stromer, Ph. D.BCBA, Behavioral Scientist, Professor, Computer based technologies Expert

• Dr. Bridget TaylorBCBA, Professor, Director of Eden II/Genesis Outreach Autism Center

• Dr. Mary McDonaldBCBA, Director of Alpine Learning Group, International Speaker on Autism, VP of the Association for Science in Autism Treatment

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Our Other ProductDiscrete Trial (DT) Trainer

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• Teaches Concepts• Designed for Autism• Virtual Teaching Assistant• Implements ABA Methods• Over 20 years of supporting

research• Independent learning

• Even very low functioning Students

• ~260 Content Programs• 100s of Reinforcers

AutismCognitive DisabilitiesSevere, Moderate, MildAt RiskPreschool – ElementarySeverely Delayed Middle & High School Students & Adults


Activity Trainer

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• Teaches Skills• Assisted Learning• Makes Video Modeling

Practical• Supports

• Task Analysis, Sequences, Video to Image Transitions, Data Collection, …

• Skills Library• 300+ Ready to Use Activities

• User Library• Create your own Activities

• Visual Schedule

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AutismCognitive DisabilitiesSevere, Moderate, MildAt RiskPreschool – ElementarySeverely Delayed Middle & High School Students & Adults



Used in Range of Settings• School Districts

– Self Contained Classes• Preschool• Elementary• Where students are significantly delayed at:

– Middle School– High School

– Full day main-streamed students– At risk preschool & kindergarten classes



Used in Range of Settings• Institutions & Private Schools• Autism Centers and Home Programs• Group Homes• Private Homes

– Autism & Intellectual Disabilities– Typical Siblings



Range of Licenses• Single Computer

– Subscriptions & Perpetual– Unlimited Students or Single Student– Institutional or home

• Site Licenses – District Wide for Special Education– Institution Wide for All or Target Population– Special Cases

• Free Demo / Presentation Licenses– For anyone needing to present to or train others– Demo labs (AT resource centers, …)


Wealth of Supporting Research

• > 20 years of research• Wide range of skills & behaviors

– Simple to Complex

• Wide range of learners• Increases acquisition rates…

– Sometimes quite dramatically!

• Sample of research references at:– www.dttrainer.com/products/activity-trainer/supporting-

research/

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Tiny Sample of Research• Apple, A. L., Billingsley, F., & Schwartz, I. S. (2005).

– Effects of video modeling alone and with self-management on compliment-giving behaviors of children with high-functioning ASD. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 7 (1), 33-46.

• Bellini, S. & Akullian, J. (2007). – A meta-analysis of video-modeling andself-modeling interventions for children and adolescents with

autism spectrum disorder.. Exceptional Children, 73, (3), 267-287.• Charlop-Christy, M. H., & Daneshvar, S. (2003).

– Using video modeling to teach perspective taking to children with autism. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 5 (1), 12-21.

• Charlop-Christy, M. H., Le, L., & Freeman, K. A. (2000). – A comparison of video modeling with in vivo modeling for teaching children with autism. Journal of

Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30 (6), 537-552.• Corbett, B. A., & Abdullah, M. (2005).

– Video modeling: Why does it work for children with autism? Journal of Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention, 2, 2-8.

• Coyle, C., & Cole, P. (2004). – A videotaped self-modelling and self-monitoring treatment program to decrease off-task behaviour in

children with autism. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities, 29(1), 3-15. • ...

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General Conclusions

• Increases Acquisition Rates across wide variety of skills

• Effective with Autism & other Learning Disabilities

• Model generally does not matter• Video Self Model can improve interest


General Conclusions (cont.)

• Should be Common Practice… try VM where students are not learning quickly with other methods

• Not a panacea… – will not work for all skills and all students

• VM better than next best method– 2 teachers... One modeling & one facilitating– 2 teachers… We barely get 1 on 1!


VM Works Because…

• Consistent Model• Non Threatening• Separation of Modeling & Facilitation• Parallel Model and Execution

– Minimize representation– Minimize observational memory


VM Works Because…

• Clear Objective– Perspective / Orientation– Minimize extraneous information– Maximize salient features

• Supports Visual Learners• May be more interesting


VM Works Because…

• Quicker success improves interest• Success on sub steps creates increased

interest / cooperation on task

• Building history of success – cooperative learner


Poor Observational Learners

• Poor observational memory– Inability to mentally represent model– Inability to remember long enough to preform

task• Lack of ability to translate observation to

behavior• Lack prerequisite skills for task


Poor Observational Learners

• Not attending to salient features• Attending to extraneous information• Lack of understanding what they are supposed

to do– Lack typical mimicking behavior

• Uninterested / Uncooperative• Threatened by model or task


Benefits to Student

• Improve cooperation / interest• Improve self confidence• Learn skills


Benefits to Student

• Learn to learn– Learn to attend

• In general• Salient Features• Longer• More complex

– Improve observational memory– Improve translation skills


Practical Considerations

• Virtual extra teacher/teaching assistant– Barely get one-on-one… otherwise should have

two-on-one (teachers to student)• Allows staff more time to actually teach

– Students able to perform tasks previously performed by staff…

• Potentially enables acquisition– We tend to give up if not learning in some time

period


Practical Considerations

• Takes time to create own video– Planning– Scripting– Coordinating actor(s)– Obtaining equipment– Editing– Rework– Frequently net savings in time – substantially less

teaching time


Possible Platforms

• TVs

• Computers

• Mobile devices


Activity Trainer

• Problem to solve– 20 years of research indicating VM should be used– Not common practice


VM Problems

• Tapes, CDs, and DVDs– Clumsy at best

• Media Players– No support for Task Analysis, Sequences,

Organization of Materials, Data Collection, …• Video Modeling

– Not just about playing videos– Is about micro-management of process


VM Problems

• Creating Video Models– Time consuming– Most teachers not trained

• PowerPoint– Supports useful features– Still lacks support for organization, data collection,

…– Task analysis and sequences are clumsy


Solution: Activity Trainer

• Makes VM Practical, Easy, & Specific• Extends VM - Activities

– Combines Video, Images, Texts, Audio– Task Analysis, Sequences, Transitions from Videos

to Images & Images to Text, Data Collection, Organization of Materials

– Worksheets• Integrated with Visual Schedule• Skills, User, Can support 3rd Party Libraries


AT Demonstration


Basic VM Teaching Strategy

• Build automatic mimic response to video– Generally start with simple non-verbal imitation– Build (as slowly as necessary) to more complex

skills– Goal is to use no or minimal facilitation– Strategy will frequently be domain specific

• Facilitation will be different for verbal, social, daily living, …


Facilitation

• Facilitation / prompting– Hand over hand– Verbal – Gestural– Proximity


Facilitation

• Only use facilitation techniques were– Safety is an issue– More information is needed to supplement video

to obtain success– Lack of success building automatic mimic response

• E.G. Needs extra fine motor support


Teaching

• From behind (where appropriate)• Hand over hand (where necessary)

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Fading Facilitation

• Fading Facilitation– Fading hand-over-hand– Fading gestural prompts– Fading verbal prompts– Fading proximity


Fading Video

• Video source further away• Make picture smaller• Turn down sound• Play smaller portion of video• Play video prior to performance• Transition to image cue• Transition to text• Play on smaller device


VM - Transition from Video

• Automatic– Student automatically performs task in natural situation

• Transitional Teaching– Teacher facilitates generalization to natural situation

• Transition to Image Cue– Only needs image cue to initiate behavior

• Transition to Verbal Instruction• Transition to Text instruction• Visual Schedules• To-Do lists


Educational Considerations

• How vs. Why– Teach how to do something– Then teach why (and when)

• Reproducibility of scene objects– For single student / small group: non issue– For resource: use commonly available objects

• Allow teaching of “contrived” task• Then generalizes to student’s actual environment


Simple Action

• Single or simple action (for level of student)


Repeated Action

• Repeats or just “more of the same”


Complex Tasks

• Steps

***


Accommodations

• Pauses– Breaks between task steps

• Speed of action– Different levels of learner

• Disjoint to fluid– May require multiple VMs


1st Person View

• Fine motor & other skills


2nd Person – Opposite – Mirror View

• Simple actions


3rd Person – Scene View

• Capture details of larger movements


Other Views

• From Behind

• Over shoulder

• Angle view


Actor(s)

• Can do activity• Age less important

– Generally use late teen or young adult• To target wide range in age of learners

– Can use young models• Especially for social skills• If targeting just young children


Actor(s)

• Self Model– If student can barely do activity– Fake it!

• With multiple shots & editing can make student look like he performed activity


More Information

• www.dttrainer.com• Free trials• 803-233-0541• [email protected]• [email protected]• [email protected]


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End of Activity Trainer Training

Thank you for attending!

Karl Smith – Developer/FounderAccelerations Educational Software

[email protected]

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