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Confined spacesNORUEL JAN G. MIGUEL

WHAT IS CONFINED SPACE?

Enclosed or partially enclosed spaceAn area with limited entrances and exitsis not primarily designed or intended for human occupancy

EXAMPLES OF CONFINED SPACES:

Why is working in a confined space more hazardous than working in other workspaces?The entrance/exit of the confined space might not allow the worker to get out in time should there be a flood or collapse of free-flowing solid.

(Self)rescue by the worker is more difficult.

4Natural ventilation alone will often not be sufficient to maintain breathable quality air. Conditions can change very quickly.

The space outside the confined space can impact on the conditions inside the confined space and vice versa.

Work activities may introduce hazards not present initially.FACTORS THAT RISKS:its design, construction, location or atmospherethe materials or substances in itwork activities being carried out in itmechanical, process and safety hazards present

CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS-Life threatening-Permit-required confined space

CONFINED SPACE HAZARDSLow or high oxygen levelsToxic or explosive gases, fumes, or materialsElectrical hazardsCrushing or engulfing hazards

LOW OR HIGH OXYGEN LEVELS

LOW OXYGEN LEVELSCan cause a person to become unconscious and could lead to death.Result from the process of corrosion, rotting of vegetable matter, combustion gas engines, welding, and simply breathing.

LOW OXYGEN LEVELS

HIGH OXYGEN LEVELSCan cause a persons thinking to become impaired and can be explosive.Air sample must be taken to check the levels (before and during the work)

HIGH OXYGEN LEVELSThe sampling should show that:The oxygen content is within safe limits - not too little and not too much.A hazardous atmosphere (toxic gases, flammable atmosphere) is not present.Ventilation equipment is operating properly.

HIGH OXYGEN LEVELS

HIGH OXYGEN LEVELS

FULL-FACE RESPIRATORVENTILATIONTOXIC OR COMBUSTIBLE ATMOSPHERES

TOXIC GASES/VAPORSCan quickly cause asphyxiation

Asphyxiation- to cause (someone) to stop breathing and often to become unconscious and die

COMBUSTIBLE GASES/VAPORSIgnited by arcs

Resulting from the use of hand tools, power tools, lamps, etc.

COMBUSTIBLE GASES/VAPORS