Conflicting beliefs lead to a “Cold War”

Warsaw

Berlin

Prague

Vienna

Budapest

Belgrade

Bucharest

Sofia

Can You? Match the country with the capital city found below.

, Poland

, Germany

, Czechoslovakia, Austria

, Hungary

, Yugoslavia

, Romania, Bulgaria

Pretest

1.The Cold War was fought betweena.U.S. & Canada c. Soviet Union & U.S.b.Canada & Iceland d. U.S. and West Berlin

2.What did the Soviets build to divide East & West Berlin?a.Berlin Curtain c. Iron Curtainb.Berlin Wall d. an iron wall

3.The countries that belonged to NATO wanted toa.keep people from leaving East Berlin.b.keep the Soviets from forcing other nations to be communists.c.keep people from leaving West Berlin.d.keep the U.S. from forcing other nations to become democratic.

4. What caused the arms race?a. Both the Soviet Union and the U.S. wanted to have a stronger

military.b. The Soviet Union hid missiles in Cuba.c. The Allies formed the United Nations.d. The Soviets helped China become a communist nation.

5. Who helped North Korea in the Korean War?a. UN c. the Soviet Union and Chinab. U.S. d. U.S. & South Korea

6. What started the Cuban Missile Crisis?a. The Soviet Union learned that the U.S. was putting missiles in Cuba.b. The U.S. learned that the Soviet Union was putting missiles in Cuba.c. The Soviet Union helped Fidel Castro make Cuba a communist

nation.d. The U.S. discovered the China was putting missiles in Cuba.

The Cold War: Roots of the Conflict

• At the end of WWII, the Allied armies freed all the nations in western Europe that had been conquered by Germany.

• They agreed to help the countries recover from the war.

• The Allies helped them form new governments and gave them money to rebuild their cities.

• Then, the Allies left Europe.

Things were different in

eastern Europe. Soviet troops

stayed in countries like

Poland, Romania,

Hungary, and the eastern ½ of Germany. They set up communist

governments.

Soviet Expansion

Communism

System where the government owns the factories and natural resources and controls the production of goods; people are not free

A “Cold War”• There was distrust between America and the Soviet

Union.• The 2 countries had different beliefs and political

systems. • These feelings grew into a state of tension called the

“Cold War” because it never involved fighting, or a “hot” war.

• The Cold War divided the world into 2 camps – those who supported a free society and those who supported communism Cold War:

Period of tension between the Soviet Union & USA that

never resulted in actual fighting

• People living in countries controlled by the Soviet Union couldn’t leave. Armed guards watched over the borders.

• In a 1946 speech, British PM Churchill warned that an iron curtain had fallen across Europe

Iron Curtain: an imaginary dividing line between eastern & western

Europe.

Peep under the Iron curtain

March 6, 1946

The Battle to stop Communism• The U.S. wanted to stop the spread of

communism. One of their 1st challenges was in Germany.

• When Germany was divided after WWII, the city of Berlin was divided, too. The Soviet Union controlled the eastern half of the city, and the Allies controlled the western half.

• The Allied-controlled part of Germany became an independent nation in 1949.

Focus on Berlin

• After World War II, Germany was divided into four zones, occupied by French, British, American, and Soviet troops.

Occupation zones after 1945. Berlin is the multinational area

within the Soviet zone.

Truman Doctrine

• Statement of President Truman that promised military and economic support to nations threatened by communism

Truman Doctrine:Truman’s policy to contain the spread

of communism

· In June of 1948, the French, British and American zones were joined into the nation of West Germany after the Soviets refused to end their occupation of Germany.

Soviet blockade:

West Germany

East Germany

West Berlin

East Berlin

• The Soviet Union did not like West Germany becoming an independent nation.

• They wanted to control all of Germany and get the Allies out of West Berlin.

• In 1948, they decided to block all supplies from getting into West Berlin by railroad, train, or waterway. That meant no food, or fuel for heat in the cold winter. They thought that would drive the Allies out of the city.

Eventual site of the Berlin Wall

Berlin Wall:

Built to separate Berlin into 2 sides:

communist & non-communist.

Results of the Berlin Wall: Results of the Berlin Wall:

•Berlin was divided. • Free access ended between East and West.•Many families split and could not reunite. • Many attempted to escape to the West between 1945 and 1989• 239 people were shot trying to cross the Berlin Wall

Berlin Airlift:

U.S. and Allied planes delivered supplies to West Berlin every day

for 321 days.

• Planes landed all day and night. At times, over 5,000 tons of supplies arrived daily. The US was determined to stop communism.

· The Soviet zone of Germany, including East Berlin, became known as the nation of East Germany.

Germany remains divided:

· In May of 1949, Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union ended the blockade.