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1 Conflicts among Countries
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Conflicts among Countries
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What you need to know
The causes of international conflicts
Key Concepts you need to know War – armed conflict between two or more
governments or states
Cold War – a period of suspicion and hostility between communist and capitalist countries. It usually refers to the tension between capitalist USA and communist USSR, although no war was fought between them
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Key Concepts you need to know
Communism – a classless social and political system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state or the people as a whole.
Capitalism – A system in which production and trade are based on the private ownership of wealth and free market
Democracy – Government by all the people usually through elected representatives
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Reasons for Conflicts Among Countries
Causes of Conflict
Among Countries
Competition for
scarce resources
such as land, water,
Oil and fish
Differing values
And belief
systems
Competing claims
Over territory for
Defense or national
pride
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Conflict Between Democracy and Communism In North and South Korea
Before WWII, Korea was under Japanese control
Aug 1945: Japanese surrendered. Korea was divided into two half at the 38th parallel:
Russian troops occupied territories north of 38th parallel
American troops occupied territories south of the parallel
Different Values and Beliefs
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Conflict Between Democracy and Communism In North and South Korea
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Conflict Between Democracy and Communism In North and South Korea
1947: UN called for an election to establish a single government for a united Korea
USSR refused to allow an election in the north
Created a Democratic People’s Republic of Korea or North Korea (capital at Pyongyang)
Became a communist country
Different Values and Beliefs
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Conflict Between Democracy and Communism In North and South Korea
Aug 1948: election was held in the south =>formation of the Republic of Korea or South Korea (capital at Seoul)
1949: Russian and American troops withdrew from North and South respectively
Governments of the two Koreas each claimed the right to rule the whole Korean peninsula
This led to frequent border clashes
Different Values and Beliefs
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Conflict Between Democracy and Communism In North and South Korea
WAR
1950-1953
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Conflict Between Democracy and Communism In North and South Korea
War broke out between the two Koreas
North Korea supported by communist People’s Republic of China
South Korea supported by the USA and its western allies
USA and it’s allies agreed to defend the South with the support of the UN to prevent the communists from extending their influence into South Korea
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Conflict Between Democracy and Communism In North and South Korea
1950—June 25 Early morning, North Korean People’s Army invaded South Korea with seven assault infantry divisions, a tank brigade and 2 independent infantry regiments. UN Security Council resolution calls for an end of aggression from North Korea
Korean War Chronological Order
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Conflict Between Democracy and Communism In North and South Korea
Korean War Chronological
Order
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Conflict Between Democracy and Communism In North and South Korea
Korean War Chronological Order
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Conflict Between Democracy and Communism In North and South Korea
Korean War Chronological Order
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Conflict Between Democracy and Communism In North and South Korea
Korean War Chronological Order
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Conflict Between Democracy and Communism In North and South Korea
1953: Both sides signed an agreement to stop the fighting
Creation of a demilitarized zone between North and South Korea, that is, an area where there are no weapons or soldiers
Along the 38th Parallel
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Border Conflicts between India and China
Competing Claims Over Territory
WAR
6th October 1962
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Border Conflicts between India and China
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Border Conflicts between India and China
No clear defined border between India and China because much of their frontier lies in the inaccessible Himalayas
Two border regions became areas of conflict between India and China:
Aksai Chin plateau on the western end of India-China frontier
North East Frontier Agency (NEFA) on the eastern end of the India-China frontier
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Border Conflicts between India and China
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Border Conflicts between India and China Late 1950s:
China began to contest India’s presence in several localities along the border
1958:
China announced that it had built a road on the Aksai Chin plateau
Protests by the Indian government=> tension increased
1959:
Tension worsened when fighting broke out in the NEFA and Aksai Chin regions
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Border Conflicts between India and China Mid – 1961:
China occupied more of the territories which India regarded as its own
Indian government demanded the return of these territories but China refused
1962:
War broke out between China and India
Ended quickly although issues still not resolved
