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2005 Governor’s Conference for Women Fad or Fact?
Confusions & Confessions about Healthy Diets
Eleanor B. Pella, M.S., R.D., L.D.N.Public Health Nutrition Consultant
Pennsylvania Department of Health
Fad or Fact?Presentation Outline
What FACTS do we know about our diets? What FACTS do we know about our health? What FADS are beneficial, hope or hype? What FUNCTIONAL FACTS can you use to
evaluate diets and health? What is your response to social marketing
advertisements?
FAD or FACT?Confusion & Confessions about Diets
What is your goal or objective?
Vanity & Physical Looks
Health & Quality of Life
FACT
DIAITA (dye-eh-shah)
A manner of LIVING:Live to EAT Or Eat to LIVE
FACTWebster’s Definition of HEALTH
Sound mind, body & spirit Freedom from physical disease Flourishing condition
Pennsylvania FACTWhat we know about our diets
FIVE of the leading causes of death in Pennsylvania are related to food and lifestyle choices.
Heart Disease Cancer Diabetes Hypertension Stroke
Pennsylvania FACTWhat we know about our health
61% of adults in Pennsylvania are overweight with a Body Mass Index (BMI) > 25
24% of those adults are obese with a BMI > 30
Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Pennsylvania Department of Health, 2004.
Pennsylvania FACTWhat we know about available
healthy foods There were 43,870 acres of fresh produce
harvested in Pennsylvania in 2003.
There are 31,628 eating and drinking establishments in Pennsylvania.
There are 166 Farmer’s Markets in Pennsylvania.
Source: Pennsylvania Department of Health, 2003
Pennsylvania FACTWhat we know about people’s intake
Most adults need at least 3.5 cups of colorful fruits and vegetables a day to meet their nutritional needs.
75% of adult Pennsylvanians do not eat the recommendation of 5 servings of fruits and vegetables a day.
Research FACTWhat we know about satiety
Studies indicate that the VOLUME of food people eat is what makes them feel full and stop - not the calorie content of the food.
Source: Rolls, B.J., et all. (2004) Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 104,1570-1576.
Popular Diets
Dr. Atkins’ Diet Revolution & Atkins for Life
Dr. Dean Ornish – Eat More, Weigh Less Dr. Phil McGraw’s Ultimate Weight Loss South Beach Diet Weight Watchers
Popular DietsThat have faded into history
Barry Sears: The Zone Beverly Hills Diet Eat-To-Win Pritikin Program Rotation Diet Scarsdale Diet
FACT and FAD
Number of gastric bypass surgeries performed in the United States 1998: 13,365 2002: 72,177 2005: 100,000 (estimated)
FACTWeight Loss
National Weight Control Registry Established: 1993 Investigators: Dr. James Hill & Dr. Rena
Wing Criteria: 30 pound weight loss for at least 1
year Enrolled: 4,500 participants
There are as many ways to get HEALTHY
(as there are people in this room)
What WAY will work for YOU?
Medical FACT Body Mass Index (BMI)
Scientific SCREENING tool to estimate RISK of chronic disease
Physical FACT LOVE HANDLES
Non-scientific tool to estimate EXCESS body fat
Physical FACTSHAKE, WAIT & WATCH
Non-scientific BRAVE way to face reality of health risks
FACTBody Mass Index (BMI)
Classifications: Underweight: < 19 Healthy Weight: 19-24 (LEAST HEALTH RISK) Overweight : 25-29 Obese: 30-40+
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
There’s more to health than the bathroom scales or your
BMI
How often do you swim, dance, or walk?
Remember the TV ad about
WEALTH?We make money the old fashion way.
We earn it.
Can the same be said of HEALTH?
We get health the old fashion way.
We work for it.
Are we willing to work
for health now?
Or are we too busy???
Do you have time to be
UNHEALTHY?
FACT Low Carbohydrate (CHO) Diets
1825: Jean Brillat-Savarin “The Physiology of Taste” French father of gastronomy
1863: William Banting Undertaker Letter on Corpulence
1870: Siege of France 1870 Diabetics (Type 1) improve Word for dieting in England : banting
FACT Biology and human starvation
1944: Ancel Keys develops “K” rations 1950: Ancel Keys’ Biology of Human
Starvation Conscientious Objectors 1200 calories/day
FACT The History of the Atkins Diet
1972: The Atkins Diet
1990: The Atkins Revolution
2002: Atkins for Life
FACT
10 out of 10 humans bodies prefer
CARBOHYDRATE
as the fuel of choice
FACTVoted BEST by Humans
Carbohydrate (CHO) – BEST fuel source; clean and efficient
Protein (PRO) – BEST repair service
Fat (FAT) – BEST insulation and energy reserve
FACTHomeostasis Plan A
(when there is CHO)
Brain and central nervous system (CNS) require CHO/glucose for energy source
Red blood cells require CHO/glucose for energy (no mitochondria!)
FACT Homeostasis Plan B
(when there is not enough CHO)
Overall game plan: SURVIVAL
Body uses PRO or FAT for energy
FAT requires CHO to break it down
When no CHO is available, the body uses KETONES
FACTA minimum of 50-100 grams of CHO
is needed each day to SPARE
Protein.
Not all CHO are created equal.The VALUE is in the wholeness.
FACTWhat foods make for health
WHOLE Grains Green, orange, red & blue/purple
VEGGIES & FRUIT Fiber PLANT fats Legumes
FACTWhat makes good health
Moderation
Balance
Exercise
FACT Everyday Healthy Choices
National campaign American Cancer Association American Diabetes Association American Heart Association
Everyday Healthy ChoicesProtect yourself from yourself.
Eat right. Exercise.
Don’t smoke.
Contact Information
Eleanor B. Pella, M.S., R.D., L.D.N.Public Health Nutrition Consultant
Pennsylvania Department of Health717-346-3979
Have faith in fiber!
Thank you for your time!
