CONNECT Training Animal Nutrient Needs and Plant

Nutrient Content

Gene Pirelli, Polk County

Mylen Bohle, Crook County

OSU Extension Service

Efficiency of Utilization with Various Harvesting Methods

Method of Harvest Percent Lost (%)

Percent Utilization (%)

Continuous Grazing 50 50

Rotational Grazing 35 65

Strip Grazing 30 70

Hay 18 82

Silage 13 87

Green Chop 8 92

Wisconsin Study in 1957

Time of Day Harvest Affects Sugar and Starch Content of Hay

Carbs and Sugars

Percent Carbohydrates in Timothy at Different Growth Stages

Sugars, Fructan, and WSC Content of 4-Cut 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky bluegrass

at COARC, Madras, Oregon

Year - Cut Sugars (%) Fructan (%) WSC (%)

Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue

2004 – 1 10.4 7.4 1.67 1.61 13.1 9.2

2004 – 2 6.6 7.8 1.04 1.84 7.9 10.3

2004 – 3 4.4 6.0 0.88 1.44 5.4 7.9

2004 – 4 10.7 6.5 2.08 1.98 14.2 9.0

2005 – 1 10.2 13.1 1.55 2.61 12.3 17.0

2005 – 2 6.8 9.4 1.08 1.87 8.3 12.3

2005 – 3 4.5 6.7 0.65 1.40 5.3 8.8

2005 – 4 11.0 6.8 1.45 1.68 14.0 9.1

2006 – 1 6.5 9.0 1.37 2.10 7.9 11.6

2006 – 2 4.1 7.5 0.83 1.46 5.0 9.8

2006 – 3 5.9 9.3 0.90 1.77 7.3 12.3

2006 - 4 10.3 10.8 1.73 2.11 13.9 14.6

Orchardgrass & Kentucky bluegrass Comparison Forage Calendar

Four Harvests Annually - Madras, Oregon 2004-2007

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

4/1

/2004

6/1

/2004

8/1

/2004

10/1

/2004

12/1

/2004

2/1

/2005

4/1

/2005

6/1

/2005

8/1

/2005

10/1

/2005

12/1

/2005

2/1

/2006

4/1

/2006

6/1

/2006

8/1

/2006

10/1

/2006

12/1

/2006

2/1

/2007

4/1

/2007

6/1

/2007

8/1

/2007

10/1

/2007

Month / Day/ Year

Yie

ld (

ton

/acre

)

Orchardgrass Mean Kentucky Bluegrass

Fiber, Protein, and Digestibility of Forage Grasses and Legumes at Different Growth Stages

Growth Stage NDF (%)

ADF (%)

CP (%)

IVTDMD (%)

Perennial Legumes (Alfalfa, Ladino & Red Clover, Birdsfoot Trefoil, etc.)

Vegetative 26-34 20-26 23-30 87-90

Early – Mid Bud 35-38 27-29 21-22 78-86

Early Bloom 39-44 30-35 17-20 73-77

Late Bloom 45-50 36-40 15-16 70-72

Perennial Cool Season Grasses (Orchard, Tall fescue, Smooth brome, etc.)

Vegetative 38-48 19-27 20-26 84-93

Boot 49-59 28-36 14-19 78-83

Heading 60-64 37-42 11-13 70-77

Anthesis 65-67 43-47 7-10 62-69

Pasture and Grazing Management in the NW, 2010

Yield, Protein, and ADF Content of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky bluegrass at COARC,

Madras, Oregon Year - Cut Yield (t/acre) Protein (%) ADF (%)

Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue

2004 – 1 3.29 3.16 9.0 10.5 37.3 40.3

2004 – 2 2.03 1.30 9.8 10.7 40.5 40.3

2004 – 3 1.52 0.98 13.4 13.5 40.3 39.3

2004 – 4 1.49 1.06 8.4 9.9 38.3 42.8

2005 – 1 3.40 3.26 6.6 6.1 41.6 40.2

2005 – 2 1.51 0.93 11.7 11.9 38.1 37.8

2005 – 3 1.35 1.02 13.7 13.6 39.1 37.9

2005 – 4 1.62 1.13 10.9 11.6 33.8 39.3

2006 – 1 3.43 2.61 8.0 8.2 42.5 41.1

2006 – 2 1.20 0.75 13.6 13.3 39.2 37.1

2006 – 3 1.19 0.70 12.0 12.2 38.5 36.2

2006 - 4 0.93 0.61 10.0 11.2 33.7 35.2

NDF, dNDF 48, and NDFD Content of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky

bluegrass at COARC, Madras, Oregon Year - Cut NDF (%) dNDFD 48 (%) NDFD (%)

Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue

2004 – 1 56.4 60.8 38.7 34.3 68.6 56.4

2004 – 2 59.0 53.9 42.0 37.3 71.1 69.2

2004 – 3 55.5 53.4 42.1 38.4 75.8 71.9

2004 – 4 51.8 57.0 40.3 35.9 77.8 63.0

2005 – 1 63.5 57.8 38.4 31.3 60.4 54.1

2005 – 2 56.3 52.7 40.8 35.2 72.4 66.7

2005 – 3 57.7 54.8 40.2 36.1 69.7 66.0

2005 – 4 49.4 55.5 35.7 35.4 72.3 63.7

2006 – 1 65.4 62.2 36.3 32.3 55.5 52.8

2006 – 2 57.9 54.2 41.4 35.3 71.5 65.1

2006 – 3 56.8 52.7 41.4 37.8 72.8 71.7

2006 - 4 44.7 47.0 37.9 36.6 84.7 77.8

NEL, TDN, ENE Content of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky bluegrass at

COARC, Madras, Oregon Year - Cut NEL TDN (%) ENE

Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue

2004 – 1 0.61 0.58 60.0 56.6 50.67 47.56

2004 – 2 0.57 0.58 56.4 56.6 47.37 47.59

2004 – 3 0.58 0.59 56.6 57.7 47.55 48.60

2004 – 4 0.60 0.54 58.9 53.8 49.63 44.95

2005 – 1 0.56 0.58 55.1 56.7 46.22 47.68

2005 – 2 0.60 0.61 59.1 59.4 49.88 50.16

2005 – 3 0.59 0.61 58.0 59.3 48.80 50.04

2005 – 4 0.66 0.59 64.1 57.7 54.42 48.61

2006 – 1 0.55 0.57 54.1 55.7 45.29 46.70

2006 – 2 0.59 0.62 57.9 60.3 48.73 50.95

2006 – 3 0.60 0.63 58.6 61.3 49.40 51.91

2006 - 4 0.66 0.64 64.1 62.5 54.44 52.95

Nutrients

Protein, Energy, Minerals,

Vitamins and Water,

Ruminants

• Four part stomach (Rumen, Reticulum, Abomasum, Omasum) that can digest large amounts of roughage.

• Bacteria in the Rumen actually digest the roughage.

Crude Protein

System

Protein • Protein in forage is necessary for building

muscle and producing milk

• Crude Protein is the total amount of protein in a feed, listed as percent

• Measured in a lab by Nitrogen x 6.25

• Not a measure of quality or digestibility

Dietary

Protein

SMALL

INTESTINE

RUMEN

Dietary

Protein

SMALL

INTESTINE

Dietary

Protein

SMALL

INTESTINE

“By-Pass” Protein

Metabolizable protein (MP) system

–Undegradable intake protein (UIP) • Fraction of total intake protein not degraded in rumen

• Passes to small intestine

–Metabolizable protein • Sum of digestible microbial protein and undegradable

intake protein

Dietary

Protein

SMALL

INTESTINE

Degradable Intake Protein

Dietary

Protein

SMALL

INTESTINE

Degradable Intake Protein

Dietary

Protein

SMALL

INTESTINE

Degradable Intake Protein

Dietary

Protein

SMALL

INTESTINE

Degradable Intake Protein

Undegraded Intake Protein

aka Bypass or Escape

Energy • The Energy (Carbohydrate) in a feed provides

what is necessary grazing, milk production. There are structural (lignin, cellulose) and non-structural (sugar).

Energy • Total plant energy is estimated, not usually

tested

• The energy content is often listed as TDN or DE or Mcal

How Do You Know if You Are Meeting the Nutritional Needs?

• Nutrition requirements during the production year are available for many species of livestock (CP, TDN)

• Match your forage program against the requirements.

What is the largest part of a ruminant diet?

• Roughage…..grass, stubble, hay

• What is the feed value?

• Do we need to feed a supplement?

First…..

• Nutrient Requirements change during

the year for producing animals like

cows and ewes.

The 365-Day Beef Cow Year by Periods and the NRC1 Requirements for a 1,100 lb. Beef Cow with Average (15 lbs/day) Milk Production

Nutrient

Period

1

2

3

4

Post-

calving 80 days

Pregnant & Lactating 125 days

Mid Gestation 110 days

Pre-calving 50 days

TDN (lbs/day)

14.5

11.5

9.5

11.2

NEm (Mcal/day)

14.9

12.2

9.2

10.3

Protein (lbs/day)

2.3

1.9

1.4

1.6

Calcium (grams/day)

33

27

17

25

Phosphorus (grams/day)

25

22

17

20

Vitamin A (I.U./day)

39,000

36,000

25,000

27,000

Nutrient Requirements for Producing Ewes

Production

Stage

WEIGHT Crude

Protein

(lb)

TDN (Lb)

Dry 176 Lbs .27 1.6

Last 4 wks

gestation

176 + Lbs .44 2.4

First 6 wks

lactation

176 - Lbs .96 4.3

Second…..

• Nutrient dense forage should be

available for growing animals like

steers, heifers and lambs.

Nutrient Requirements for Beef Steers

WEIGHT

Daily

Gain

Crude

Protein

(Lbs)

Crude

Protein

(%)

TDN

(%)

400 Lbs 2.0 Lbs 1.48 13.1 63

600 Lbs 2.0 Lbs 1.67 10.9 63

Nutrient Requirements for Feeder Lambs

WEIGHT

Daily

Gain

Crude

Protein

(Lbs)

Crude

Protein

(%)

TDN

(%)

65 Lbs .75 Lbs .41 14.5 63

110 Lbs 1.0 Lbs .35 10.0 77

Third…..

• Forage nutrient content changes during

the year even at the same stage of

growth.

Cutting

Date

A. Ryegrass

P. Ryegrass

Stage

1

May

9.8

10.6

Boot

2

June

15.6

16.9

Early Boot

3

July

20.6

20.8

Vegetative

4

August

22.9

24.0

Vegetative

5

Sept./Oct.

23.2

30.3

Vegetative

Steve Fransen Data

Maturity

• As forage plants and (or) hays

mature, “quality” declines. –CP and TDN decrease.

–Digestibility decreases due to

increased fiber

Grass Hay

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Veg Boot Bloom Seed

% CP

% ADF

“The Skyscraper Effect”

• The primary “goal” of a grass plant is to reproduce by seed.

• As the plant enters the boot and seed head stages, the stalk must be reinforced in order to hold up the seed head.

“The Skyscraper Effect”

• The increase in “structural carbohydrates” like lignin are necessary to keep the plant upright. This has a negative effect on animal digestibility.

• You cannot build a skyscraper with 2x4’s

Forage ADF and Dry Matter

Digestibility

57

59

61

63

65

67

69

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

Forage ADF (%)

Dry

Matt

er

Dig

esti

bil

ity (

%)

Adapted from Miller et al. (1991)

Forage NDF and Dry Matter

Intake

.0

.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

38 42 46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78

Forage NDF (%)

Dry

Matt

er

inta

ke (

% o

f B

W)

Adapted from Mertens (1985) & Burns et al. (1997)

Low Quality Roughage

Means Lower Intake

Which Results in loss of

Condition

(Slower Rate of Passage)

Intake of Low Quality Forage

• Usually half or less of good forage. (1.5% v. 3% of BW)

• Protein supplement increases intake. (1.2 to 1.8% of BW)

Maturity

• Increasing Cellulose Content

• Increasing Lignin Content

= increased NDF and ADF

= decreased digestibility and CP

Questions?

Discussion

Metabolizable Energy, Net Energy Maintenance, and Net Energy Gain of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky bluegrass at COARC, Madras, Oregon

Year - Cut ME NEM NEG

Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue

2004 – 1 0.98 0.93 0.60 0.54 0.33 0.29

2004 – 2 0.93 0.93 0.54 0.54 0.28 0.29

2004 – 3 0.93 0.95 0.54 0.56 0.29 0.30

2004 – 4 0.97 0.88 0.58 0.50 0.32 0.25

2005 – 1 0.91 0.93 0.52 0.55 0.27 0.29

2005 – 2 0.97 0.98 0.58 0.59 0.32 0.33

2005 – 3 0.95 0.97 0.56 0.58 0.31 0.33

2005 – 4 1.05 0.95 0.66 0.56 0.39 0.30

2006 – 1 0.89 0.91 0.51 0.53 0.25 0.27

2006 – 2 0.95 0.99 0.56 0.60 0.31 0.34

2006 – 3 0.96 1.01 0.57 0.62 0.32 0.35

2006 - 4 1.05 1.03 0.66 0.63 0.39 0.37

Digestible DM, DM Intake, and Non Fiber Carbohydrates of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky bluegrass at COARC, Madras, Oregon

Year - Cut DDM SDMI NFC

Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue

2004 – 1 59.8 57.5 2.13 1.97 21.2 15.8

2004 – 2 57.4 57.5 2.03 2.23 15.8 18.6

2004 – 3 57.5 58.3 2.16 2.25 13.9 15.8

2004 – 4 59.0 55.6 2.32 2.11 23.0 16.0

2005 – 1 56.5 57.6 1.89 2.08 18.1 25.3

2005 – 2 59.2 59.4 2.13 2.28 17.3 19.8

2005 – 3 58.4 59.3 2.08 2.19 13.1 16.2

2005 – 4 62.6 58.3 2.43 2.16 25.9 16.1

2006 – 1 55.8 56.9 1.84 1.96 14.1 19.4

2006 – 2 58.4 60.0 2.07 2.21 12.4 17.9

2006 – 3 58.9 60.7 2.11 2.28 15.6 20.7

2006 - 4 62.6 61.5 2.68 2.55 30.0 25.1

Relative Feed Value, Relative Feed Quality, and TDN1 of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky

bluegrass at COARC, Madras, Oregon Year - Cut RFV RFQ TDN1

Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue

2004 – 1 99 88 120 98 59.0 53.2

2004 – 2 90 99 111 110 57.2 56.5

2004 – 3 96 101 113 112 57.6 56.8

2004 – 4 106 91 122 93 60.1 53.1

2005 – 1 83 93 95 96 55.4 56.1

2005 – 2 98 105 123 116 58.9 57.0

2005 – 3 94 101 111 111 56.5 56.1

2005 – 4 118 98 139 103 61.6 53.9

2006 – 1 79 86 86 94 51.7 53.5

2006 – 2 94 103 111 116 56.5 56.8

2006 – 3 96 107 119 131 57.9 59.8

2006 - 4 130 122 154 136 65.1 61.1

DMI1, DMI2, and DMI3 of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky bluegrass at COARC,

Madras, Oregon Year - Cut DMI1 DMI2 DMI3

Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue Orchard K. Blue

2004 – 1 0.29 0.43 2.21 1.84 2.51 2.27

2004 – 2 0.42 0.60 1.97 1.80 2.39 2.39

2004 – 3 1.19 1.18 1.22 1.23 2.41 2.42

2004 – 4 0.17 0.30 2.33 1.86 2.50 2.16

2005 – 1 (0.53) (0.68) 2.63 2.77 2.11 2.10

2005 – 2 0.93 0.89 1.65 1.62 2.58 2.51

2005 – 3 1.20 1.16 1.21 1.28 2.41 2.44

2005 – 4 0.88 0.70 1.89 1.64 2.78 2.34

2006 – 1 (0.26) (0.15) 2.32 2.31 2.05 2.16

2006 – 2 1.19 1.14 1.22 1.37 2.41 2.51

2006 – 3 0.93 1.07 1.59 1.61 2.52 2.68

2006 - 4 0.86 0.92 2.06 1.82 2.91 2.74

TDN (Western) and Protein Yield of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky bluegrass at COARC,

Madras, Oregon Year - Cut TDN West (%) Protein Yield (lb/acre)

Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue Orchard K. Blue

2004 – 1 54.3 52.1 592 661

2004 – 2 52.0 52.1 398 278

2004 – 3 52.1 52.8 407 265

2004 – 4 53.6 50.2 249 211

2005 – 1 51.1 52.2 452 397

2005 – 2 53.8 54.0 354 222

2005 – 3 53.0 53.9 370 277

2005 – 4 57.0 52.8 353 261

2006 – 1 50.5 51.5 547 426

2006 – 2 52.9 54.5 327 200

2006 – 3 53.4 55.2 285 171

2006 - 4 57.0 56.0 186 137

Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Uptake (lb/acre) of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky

bluegrass at COARC, Madras, Oregon

Year - Cut Nitrogen (lb/acre) Phosphorus (lb/acre) Potassium (lb/acre)

Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue

2004 – 1 96.3 117.7 19.1 16.1 237.1 110.7

2004 – 2 67.7 50.1 13.2 5.4 153.8 37.1

2004 – 3 65.7 45.9 11.2 4.5 104.7 26.9

2004 – 4 47.5 43.0 8.9 4.8 75.0 17.7

2005 – 1 81.9 59.0 13.8 10.0 145.7 74.4

2005 – 2 60.4 30.4 9.1 4.1 98.9 26.6

2005 – 3 59.3 32.9 11.0 4.3 109.4 26.4

2005 – 4 61.8 26.5 11.4 3.7 91.4 18.6

2006 – 1 97.9 72.1 20.1 13.0 187.8 89.4

2006 – 2 54.5 35.3 9.9 4.9 96.9 30.8

2006 – 3 48.3 30.7 9.1 4.6 82.8 24.3

2006 - 4 35.8 25.3 7.4 3.9 54.3 19.3

Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium pounds per ton (lb/ton) of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy

Kentucky bluegrass at COARC, Madras, Oregon

Year - Cut Nitrogen (lb/ton) Phosphorus (lb/ton) Potassium (lb/ton)

Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue

2004 – 1 29.3 37.2 5.8 5.1 72.1 35.0

2004 – 2 33.4 38.5 6.5 4.1 75.7 28.6

2004 – 3 43.2 46.9 7.4 4.6 68.9 27.5

2004 – 4 31.9 40.6 6.0 4.5 50.3 16.7

2005 – 1 24.1 22.6 4.0 3.8 42.9 28.5

2005 – 2 40.0 40.6 6.1 5.5 65.5 35.4

2005 – 3 43.9 47.1 8.1 6.2 81.0 37.8

2005 – 4 38.2 43.4 7.0 6.1 56.4 30.5

2006 – 1 28.5 27.6 5.9 5.0 54.8 34.3

2006 – 2 45.4 47.1 8.3 6.5 80.7 41.1

2006 – 3 40.6 43.9 7.7 6.5 69.6 34.7

2006 - 4 38.5 41.5 7.9 6.3 58.4 31.6

Calcium, Magnesium, and Sulfur Uptake of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky bluegrass

at COARC, Madras, Oregon

Year - Cut Calcium (lb/acre) Magnesium (lb/acre) Sulfur (lb/acre)

Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue

2004 – 1 13.1 11.8 9.6 6.4 10.6 11.0

2004 – 2 10.5 4.2 8.0 2.5 7.2 4.8

2004 – 3 11.9 3.5 7.2 2.3 6.1 4.1

2004 – 4 9.1 5.0 5.4 2.3 4.8 4.0

2005 – 1 10.8 7.3 7.7 3.9 10.7 7.8

2005 – 2 17.4? 3.0 6.9 1.9 6.4 3.0

2005 – 3 7.9 3.8 7.1 2.6 6.6 3.4

2005 – 4 9.1 3.3 7.2 1.7 7.0 2.5

2006 – 1 16.2 8.9 10.3 5.7 12.1 8.4

2006 – 2 6.7 4.3 5.6 2.7 4.9 3.3

2006 – 3 7.1 4.2 5.7 2.4 4.6 2.8

2006 - 4 6.3 4.0 4.2 2.0 3.1 2.2

Calcium, Magnesium, and Sulfur pounds per ton DM of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky

bluegrass at COARC, Madras, Oregon

Year - Cut Calcium (lb/ton) Magnesium (lb/ton) Sulfur (lb/ton)

Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue

2004 – 1 4.0 3.7 2.9 2.0 3.2 3.5

2004 – 2 5.2 3.2 4.0 1.9 3.5 3.7

2004 – 3 7.8 3.6 4.7 2.3 4.0 4.1

2004 – 4 6.1 4.7 3.6 2.1 3.3 3.7

2005 – 1 3.2 2.8 2.3 1.5 3.1 3.0

2005 – 2 11.5? 4.8 4.6 2.6 4.2 4.0

2005 – 3 5.8 5.4 5.3 3.7 4.9 4.8

2005 – 4 5.6 5.4 4.4 2.7 4.3 4.2

2006 – 1 4.7 3.4 3.0 2.2 3.5 3.2

2006 – 2 5.6 5.7 4.7 3.6 4.1 4.4

2006 – 3 6.0 5.9 4.8 3.4 3.9 4.1

2006 - 4 6.8 6.6 4.5 3.2 3.3 3.5

NIRS Calcium, Phosphorus, and Potassium Content of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky

bluegrass at COARC, Madras, Oregon

Year - Cut Calcium (%) Phosphorus (%) Potassium (%)

Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue

2004 – 1 0.42 0.31 0.26 0.25 3.23 2.37

2004 – 2 0.45 0.51 0.28 0.26 3.50 2.69

2004 – 3 0.51 0.50 0.32 0.29 3.58 2.82

2004 – 4 0.65 0.61 0.21 0.21 3.00 1.88

2005 – 1 0.32 0.43 0.24 0.18 2.71 2.09

2005 – 2 0.46 0.48 0.29 0.26 3.37 2.50

2005 – 3 0.54 0.54 0.30 0.29 3.48 2.67

2005 – 4 0.48 0.54 0.23 0.25 3.02 2.35

2006 – 1 0.42 0.36 0.24 0.22 2.81 2.20

2006 – 2 0.52 0.51 0.30 0.29 3.34 2.66

2006 – 3 0.47 0.47 0.29 0.27 3.12 2.50

2006 - 4 0.60 0.53 0.24 0.26 3.24 2.39

NIRS and Wet Lab Comparison of Calcium, Phosphorus, and Potassium Content of 4-Cut

Megabite Orchardgrass at COARC, Madras, Oregon

Year - Cut Calcium (%) Phosphorus (%) Potassium (%)

NIRS Wet Lab NIRS Wet Lab NIRS Wet Lab

2004 – 1 0.42 0.20 0.26 0.29 3.23 3.60

2004 – 2 0.45 0.26 0.28 0.33 3.50 3.79

2004 – 3 0.51 0.39 0.32 0.37 3.58 3.45

2004 – 4 0.65 0.31 0.21 0.30 3.00 2.52

2005 – 1 0.32 0.16 0.24 0.20 2.71 2.14

2005 – 2 0.46 0.58? 0.29 0.30 3.37 3.28

2005 – 3 0.54 0.29 0.30 0.41 3.48 4.05

2005 – 4 0.48 0.28 0.23 0.35 3.02 2.82

2006 – 1 0.42 0.24 0.24 0.29 2.81 2.74

2006 – 2 0.52 0.28 0.30 0.41 3.34 4.04

2006 – 3 0.47 0.30 0.29 0.38 3.12 3.48

2006 - 4 0.60 0.34 0.24 0.40 3.24 2.92

NIRS and Wet Lab Comparison of Calcium, Phosphorus, and Potassium Content of 4-Cut Troy

Kentucky bluegrass at COARC, Madras, Oregon

Year - Cut Calcium (%) Phosphorus (%) Potassium (%)

NIRS Wet Lab NIRS Wet Lab NIRS Wet Lab

2004 – 1 0.31 0.19 0.25 0.25 2.37 1.75

2004 – 2 0.51 0.16 0.26 0.21 2.69 1.43

2004 – 3 0.50 0.18 0.29 0.23 2.82 1.37

2004 – 4 0.61 0.24 0.21 0.23 1.88 0.84

2005 – 1 0.43 0.14 0.18 0.19 2.09 1.42

2005 – 2 0.48 0.20 0.26 0.28 2.50 1.77

2005 – 3 0.54 0.27 0.29 0.31 2.67 1.89

2005 – 4 0.54 0.27 0.25 0.31 2.35 1.53

2006 – 1 0.36 0.17 0.22 0.25 2.20 1.71

2006 – 2 0.51 0.29 0.29 0.32 2.66 2.05

2006 – 3 0.47 0.30 0.27 0.33 2.50 1.74

2006 - 4 0.53 0.33 0.26 0.32 2.39 1.58

NIRS Magnesium, Ash, and Rumen Undegradable Protein Content of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky

bluegrass at COARC, Madras, Oregon

Year - Cut Magnesium (%) Ash (%) RUP (%)

Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue

2004 – 1 0.22 0.17 12.9 12.4 39.3 40.7

2004 – 2 0.24 0.20 14.9 16.3 38.5 43.5

2004 – 3 0.30 0.23 16.8 16.7 38.6 41.6

2004 – 4 0.19 0.21 16.4 16.6 42.6 39.4

2005 – 1 0.19 0.15 11.3 10.3 40.5 48.8

2005 – 2 0.27 0.24 14.2 15.1 38.3 45.1

2005 – 3 0.29 0.26 14.9 15.0 38.7 42.0

2005 – 4 0.19 0.24 13.3 16.3 39.1 37.7

2006 – 1 0.22 0.17 12.1 10.7 39.1 47.0

2006 – 2 0.29 0.24 15.5 14.1 40.6 47.2

2006 – 3 0.25 0.22 15.2 13.9 42.1 48.4

2006 - 4 0.20 0.23 14.8 16.2 38.2 42.7

NIRS and Wet Lab Comparison of Magnesium Content of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky bluegrass at COARC,

Madras, Oregon

Year - Cut Orchardgrass K. blue

NIRS Wet Lab NIRS Wet Lab

2004 – 1 0.22 0.15 0.17 0.10

2004 – 2 0.24 0.20 0.20 0.09

2004 – 3 0.30 0.24 0.23 0.12

2004 – 4 0.19 0.18 0.21 0.11

2005 – 1 0.19 0.11 0.15 0.07

2005 – 2 0.27 0.23 0.24 0.13

2005 – 3 0.29 0.26 0.26 0.18

2005 – 4 0.19 0.22 0.24 0.14

2006 – 1 0.22 0.15 0.17 0.11

2006 – 2 0.29 0.23 0.24 0.18

2006 – 3 0.25 0.24 0.22 0.17

2006 - 4 0.20 0.22 0.23 0.16

Wet Lab Calcium, Phosphorus, and Potassium Content of 4-Cut 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky bluegrass at COARC, Madras, Oregon

Year - Cut Calcium (%) Phosphorus (%) Potassium (%)

Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue

2004 – 1 0.20 0.19 0.29 0.25 3.60 1.75

2004 – 2 0.26 0.16 0.33 0.21 3.79 1.43

2004 – 3 0.39 0.18 0.37 0.23 3.45 1.37

2004 – 4 0.31 0.24 0.30 0.23 2.52 0.84

2005 – 1 0.16 0.14 0.20 0.19 2.14 1.42

2005 – 2 0.58? 0.20 0.30 0.28 3.28 1.77

2005 – 3 0.29 0.27 0.41 0.31 4.05 1.89

2005 – 4 0.28 0.27 0.35 0.31 2.82 1.53

2006 – 1 0.24 0.17 0.29 0.25 2.74 1.71

2006 – 2 0.28 0.29 0.41 0.32 4.04 2.05

2006 – 3 0.30 0.30 0.38 0.33 3.48 1.74

2006 - 4 0.34 0.33 0.40 0.32 2.92 1.58

Magnesium, Manganese, and Copper Content of 4-Cut 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky

bluegrass at COARC, Madras, Oregon

Year - Cut Magnesium (%) Manganese (ppm) Copper (ppm)

Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue

2004 – 1 0.15 0.10 114.4 40.0 6.4 3.7

2004 – 2 0.20 0.09 158.5 32.7 6.1 3.1

2004 – 3 0.24 0.12 102.5 32.7 5.3 2.2

2004 – 4 0.18 0.11 133.8 35.9 5.4 3.3

2005 – 1 0.11 0.07 128.6 43.6 4.0 1.9

2005 – 2 0.23 0.13 173.7 42.9 8.2 3.2

2005 – 3 0.26 0.18 151.6 50.7 8.9 5.5

2005 – 4 0.22 0.14 126.7 39.4 5.3 2.4

2006 – 1 0.15 0.11 142.7 51.7 5.1 3.4

2006 – 2 0.23 0.18 154.3 55.1 6.4 2.9

2006 – 3 0.24 0.17 124.4 41.2 6.4 2.2

2006 - 4 0.22 0.16 112.2 34.7 4.1 2.2

Magnesium, Manganese, and Copper Uptake of 4-Cut 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky

bluegrass at COARC, Madras, Oregon

Year - Cut Magnesium (lb/acre) Manganese (lb/acre) Copper (lb/acre)

Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue

2004 – 1 9.6 6.4 0.75 0.25 0.042 0.024

2004 – 2 8.0 2.5 0.64 0.08 0.025 0.008

2004 – 3 7.2 2.3 0.31 0.06 0.016 0.004

2004 – 4 5.4 2.3 0.40 0.08 0.016 0.007

2005 – 1 7.7 3.9 0.87 0.23 0.027 0.010

2005 – 2 6.9 1.9 0.52 0.06 0.025 0.005

2005 – 3 7.1 2.6 0.41 0.07 0.024 0.008

2005 – 4 7.2 1.7 0.41 0.05 0.017 0.003

2006 – 1 10.3 5.7 0.98 0.27 0.035 0.018

2006 – 2 5.6 2.7 0.37 0.08 0.015 0.004

2006 – 3 5.7 2.4 0.30 0.06 0.015 0.003

2006 - 4 4.2 2.0 0.21 0.04 0.008 0.003

Magnesium, Manganese, and Copper Pounds per Ton DM of 4-Cut 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy

Kentucky bluegrass at COARC, Madras, Oregon

Year - Cut Magnesium (lb/ton) Manganese (lb/ton) Copper (lb/ton)

Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue

2004 – 1 2.9 2.0 0.23 0.08 0.013 0.007

2004 – 2 4.0 1.9 0.32 0.07 0.012 0.006

2004 – 3 4.7 2.3 0.21 0.07 0.011 0.004

2004 – 4 3.6 2.1 0.27 0.07 0.011 0.007

2005 – 1 2.3 1.5 0.26 0.09 0.008 0.004

2005 – 2 4.6 2.6 0.35 0.09 0.016 0.006

2005 – 3 5.3 3.7 0.30 0.10 0.018 0.011

2005 – 4 4.4 2.7 0.25 0.08 0.011 0.005

2006 – 1 3.0 2.2 0.29 0.10 0.010 0.007

2006 – 2 4.7 3.6 0.31 0.11 0.013 0.006

2006 – 3 4.8 3.4 0.25 0.08 0.013 0.004

2006 - 4 4.5 3.2 0.22 0.07 0.008 0.004

Boron, Zinc, and Iron Content of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky bluegrass at COARC,

Madras, Oregon

Year - Cut Boron (ppm) Zinc (ppm) Iron (ppm)

Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue

2004 – 1 2.7 1.3 12.2 10.1 44.6 35.2

2004 – 2 3.9 0.8 14.7 6.3 50.9 28.5

2004 – 3 6.4 1.4 16.1 7.4 67.3 37.8

2004 – 4 1.9 0.4 8.4 5.9 89.8 61.2

2005 – 1 1.1 0.8 10.2 8.1 27.5 27.4

2005 – 2 2.3 2.4 21.3 10.6 59.3 41.4

2005 – 3 4.8 4.3 19.1 12.8 92.1 71.9

2005 – 4 2.1 0.2 10.1 8.3 57.4 52.8

2006 – 1 2.2 0.9 14.0 13.2 34.9 32.0

2006 – 2 5.0 3.4 18.4 12.1 72.3 61.0

2006 – 3 3.6 2.2 15.4 10.2 62.9 51.6

2006 - 4 2.3 1.9 9.6 8.1 69.9 60.1

Boron, Zinc, and Iron Uptake of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky bluegrass at COARC,

Madras, Oregon

Year - Cut Boron (lb/acre) Zinc (lb/acre) Iron (lb/acre)

Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue

2004 – 1 0.018 0.008 0.72 0.75 0.293 0.223

2004 – 2 0.016 0.002 0.98 0.48 0.207 0.074

2004 – 3 0.019 0.003 1.39 0.69 0.205 0.074

2004 – 4 0.006 0.001 0.53 0.48 0.268 0.130

2005 – 1 0.008 0.004 0.49 0.36 0.187 0.143

2005 – 2 0.007 0.004 1.70 0.86 0.179 0.062

2005 – 3 0.013 0.006 1.68 1.20 0.249 0.101

2005 – 4 0.007 0.000 0.77 0.72 0.186 0.064

2006 – 1 0.015 0.005 0.80 0.73 0.239 0.167

2006 – 2 0.012 0.005 1.67 1.14 0.174 0.092

2006 – 3 0.009 0.003 1.25 0.89 0.150 0.072

2006 - 4 0.004 0.002 0.74 0.67 0.130 0.073

Boron, Zinc, and Iron Pounds per ton DM of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky bluegrass

at COARC, Madras, Oregon

Year - Cut Boron (lb/ton DM) Zinc (lb/ton DM) Iron (lb/ton DM)

Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue

2004 – 1 0.005 0.003 0.024 0.020 0.089 0.070

2004 – 2 0.008 0.002 0.029 0.013 0.102 0.057

2004 – 3 0.013 0.003 0.032 0.015 0.135 0.076

2004 – 4 0.004 0.001 0.017 0.012 0.180 0.122

2005 – 1 0.002 0.002 0.020 0.016 0.055 0.055

2005 – 2 0.005 0.005 0.043 0.021 0.119 0.083

2005 – 3 0.010 0.009 0.038 0.026 0.184 0.144

2005 – 4 0.004 0.000 0.020 0.017 0.115 0.106

2006 – 1 0.004 0.002 0.028 0.026 0.070 0.064

2006 – 2 0.010 0.007 0.037 0.024 0.145 0.122

2006 – 3 0.007 0.004 0.031 0.020 0.126 0.103

2006 - 4 0.005 0.004 0.019 0.016 0.140 0.120