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CONNECTING YOUR IOT DEVICES TO THE INFRASTRUCTURE PHILIPPE CHEVALLIER, DIRECTOR TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM KONTRON
CONNECTING YOUR IOT DEVICES TO THE
INFRASTRUCTURE
PHILIPPE CHEVALLIER,
DIRECTOR TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM
KONTRON
8-Jun-15 Possibilities start here // 2
Internet of Things MAIN FACTORS:
COST SAVING (IT)
Simplified
Standardized
BUSINESS GROWTH (OT)
Solve a Problem (save costs of operation)
Monetize (create new revenue streams)
TRANSFORM DATA TO ACTION AND MONETISATION.
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• Trusted • Configurable • Manageable
http://iot.kontron.com/
CHALLENGES
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Complex
Fragmented
Disorganized
Needs Market Leaderships
Industry Collaboration
Partnerships
Standardization
Interoperability Workshops
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BILLION OF DEVICES DRIVES IPV4 -> IPV6 TRANSITION
INTERNET (IPv4)
232 IP Addresses 4,294,476,296 End Points
5
INTERNET of THINGS (IPv6)
2128 IP Addresses 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 End Points
NAT64
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ULTIMATELY ONE NETWORK - INTERNET OF (EVERY)THING
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CONNECTED END POINTS N
OR
THB
OU
ND
SO
UTH
BO
UN
D
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Copper DSL
RJ45 – 1000BT
Fiber
SFP: 1GBps
SFP+: 10GBps
QSFP: 40GBps
CFP - 100GBps
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Access (Wireless) 2G/3G
Phased Out
Expensive, Power Drain
4G
Today: LTE Cat 1 (10Mbps)
2017: LTE-M (1Mbps with Optional half duplex)
5G
2018 EA (South Korea) , 2020 Full Deployment
1000x 4G capacity
High Power Saving Mode
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NO
RTH
BO
UN
D
SOU
THB
OU
ND
IOT GATEWAY
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IOT GATEWAY
Connectivity Converter Protocol Converter Power Relay
Security Quality of Service Local Intelligence
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IOT GW (PROXY/CACHE)
CoAP, MQTT, DDS
Sensors Devices
IoT GATEWAY
HTTP/REST SSL
HTTP/REST SSL
APP
CoAP, MQTT, DDS
ZigBee, BT, Eth, SubGig
ZigBee, BT Eth., SubGig
Ethernet, WiFi LTE
Ethernet, WiFi LTE
IPv4/IPv6 6LowPAN
IPv4/IPv6 6LowPAN
IPV4/IPv6 IPV4/IPv6
UDP/TCP UDP/TCP UDP/TCP UDP/TCP
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IOT GW (EDGE ROUTER)
13
CoAP, MQTT, DDS
Sensors Devices
IoT GW
CoAP, MQTT DDS
APP
Ethernet, WiFi LTE
Ethernet, WiFi LTE
IPv4/IPv6 6LowPAN
IPv4/IPv6 6LowPAN
IPV4/IPv6 IPV4/IPv6
UDP UDP UDP/TCP UDP/TCP
ZigBee, BT, Eth, SubGig
ZigBee, BT Eth., SubGig
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MESH STAR
NETWORK TOPOLOGY
Dis
tan
ce M
esh
Net
wo
rk
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Application Level
•Industrial
•Transport
•Health Care
•Energy
•Security
Communication Layer
•HTTP/HTTPS
•MQTT,
•DDS,
•CoAP
•OPC-UA
•OSGi
Data Network Layer
•SSL/TLS
•DTLS
•RTPS
•IPv4/IPv6
•UDP/TCP
•6LoWPAN
Media Layer
•Ethernet (802.3)
•ZigBee (802.15.4)
•BlueTooth
•Wifi (802.11)
•Telco (3G/4G)
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data LInk
Physical
Operation
Technology
Information
Technology
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COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS
• Trade offs:
– Size
– Power
– Latency
Protocol Transport QoS Options Architecture Security
CoAP UDP YES Request/Publish DTLS
MQTT TCP YES Publish/Subscribe TLS/SSL
XMPP TCP NO Request/Response Publish/Subscribe
TLS/SSL
REST HTTP NO Request/Response HTTPS
AMQP TCP YES Publish/Subscribe TLS/SSL
Web Socket TCP NO Client/Server Publish/Subscribe
TPS/SSL
DDS TCP/UDP YES Publish/Subscribe DDS Security Spec
Ref: Transaction on IoT and Cloud Computing 2015 - “A Survey on Application Layer Protocols for the Internet of Things”
– Efficiency
– Resiliency
– Safety
COAP
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Constrained Application Protocol
IETF RFC 7252
Web Protocol
coap://….
4 Byte header
Based on REST Model
GET, POST, PUT, DELETE
JSON, XML, etc.
UDP binding with reliability and multicast
DTLS based PSK, RPK
Constrained nodes and constrained networks
Small footprint: 10KB Data & 100KB Code
Low Bandwitdh: ~10 kbps
Designed for M2M applications with Billions of Nodes
MQTT MESSAGE QUEUING TELEMETRY TRANSPORT
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OASIS Standard
M2M IoT connectivity protocol
TCP Based
Asynchronous
Small Footprint
Lightweight (2B header)
Low Bandwidth
Low Power Usage
Reliable
XMPP
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XMPP: Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
RFC 6120: Core
RFC 6121: Instant Messaging and Presence
RFC 6122: Address Format
Internet of Things Extension:
XEP-0323: IoT – Sensor Data
XEP-0324: IoT – Provisioning
XEP-0325: IoT – Control
XEP-0326: IoT – Concentrator
XEP-0347: IoT - Discovery
XEP-0332: HTTPX (http over XMPP)
Httpx://[email protected]/xxx
XEP-0323: Internet of Things - Sensor Data
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DATA DISTRIBUTION SERVICE
Data Centric
Reliable
Real Time
Scalable
• Reliability: Severe consequences if offline for 5 minutes?
• Performance/scale:
• Measure in ms or μs?
• Or scale > 20+ applications or 10+ teams?
• Or 10k+ data values?
• Architecture: Code active lifetime >3 yrs?
WEB SOCKET
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RFC 6455
HTML 5
TCP, TLS/SSL
HTTP on steroids
Target for Real Time type of communication
Initialization similar to HTTP, then header removed during further communication
var connection = new WebSocket(‘ws://kontron.websocket.org/’, ‘myprotocol’);
Dual Communication Paths with 2 bytes overhead only:
Client-> Server
Server->Client
WAMP: Websocket Application Messaging Protocol (Not Windows Appache MySQL, PHP)
Remote Procedure Call
Publish/Subscribe
Allows distributed architecture
To heavy for small device communications, but holds potentials in GW/Application communication
Presentation
Session
Transport
OPC-UA
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OPC-Unified Architecture • TCP/IP based Communication Technology
• Successor of OPC (OLE for Process Control)
• M2M Communication Protocol
• Service Oriented
• Platform Independant
• 3 Protocols
• Binary: opc.tcp://Server/
• Best performance, smallest overhead
• Unique TCP port #4840
• Web Services: http(s)://Server/
• Firewall Friendly (TCP port #443)
• External available tools (Java or .NET)
• Hybrid
• Combines binary performance and Secure Web Service
UA BINARY UA XML
UA Secure Communication
WS Secure Conversation
UA TCP SOAP 1.2
HTTP
SSL/TLS
4840 443 80
opc.tcp://Server/ http(s)://Server/
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TCP/IP Port 7890
PICMG COM EAPI R1.0
Main KeAPI features:
• C Libraries
• Retrieve System Information
• CPU Performance Control
• Temperature, Voltage
• Monitor and control FAN
• Access EEPROM
• I2C/SMBus Communication
• GPIO Control
• Watchdog
Kontron EAPI
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MEDIA LAYER
http://iot.kontron.com/spanning-it-and-ot/current-communication-technologies
BLUETOOTH / BLUETOOTH-LE
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RS-232 cable replacement
Packet Based Protocol
Master/Slave (up to 7)
No Mesh!
2.4GHz unlicensed frequency range
~30 meters
1Mbps
24 Mbps (v3.0)
BT-Smart (v4.2) (December 2014)
IoT Market target
BT-Low Energy
Data Packet length extension
Constant MAC address change
Secure FW Update
Internet Protocol Support Profile (IPSP) - IPv6
ZIGBEE (IEEE 802.15.4)
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ZigBee RF4CE • Point to Point (no mesh)
• Smaller footprint
• Target for consumer products
ZigBee PRO
• Mesh Network
• Low Cost Highly Reliable Network
• Thousands of Mobile devices
• Green Power
ZigBee IP
• IPv6
• Full Mesh
LoRaWAN (LONG RANGE WIDE AREA NETWORK)
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LoRa Alliance
Sub-1GHz long range
Low Power
Battery Operated Sensors
Low data rate
3 to 50Kbps
Star Network Topology
~15km
Class A
Bi-directional + two short receive windows
Class B
(Class A) + Extra Receive Windows
Class C
Bi-directional + opened receive windows when not transmitting
6LOWPAN
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IPv6 over Low Powered Wireless Personal Access Network
RFC 4944, "Transmission of IPv6 Packets over IEEE 802.15.4 Networks".
RFC 6282, “Compression Format for IPv6 Packets over IEEE 802.15.4 based networks”
Media Layers
ZIGBEE (802.15.4)
Sub -1GHz Low Power RF
BlueTooth Smart
Power Line Control
Low Power Wi-Fi®
Routing Procoles
IETF ROLL (Routing Over Low power and Lossy networks)
IETF CoRE (Constraint RESTFul Environment) RFC 6690
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Challenges Green Field Deployments Fragmented Industy Initiatives Many unfinished proprietary solutions
Collaboration Standardisation Interoperability Workshop
Summary
www.kontron.com Augsburg | Deggendorf | Toulon | Copenhagen | Chichester | Brussels | Pilsen | Warsaw | San Diego | Fremont | Montreal | Beijing | Hong Kong | Taipei | Penang | Bangalore | Mumbai | Sydney | Tokyo
OUR CHANGING WORLD IS FILLED WITH
BOUNDLESS OPPORTUNITIES.
WE LOOK FORWARD TO EXPLORING THEM WITH YOU.
