2016

2016

Volume30

NAVC.com

Alternative Medicine - Zoo MedicineSmall Animal

A - Op

Orlando, FL | January 16-20

BETTER CARE THROUGH COLLABORATION.

CONNECTIONS SKILLSKNOWLEDGE INNOVATION DISCOVERY

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

NAVC CONFERENCE

VOLUME 30

JANUARY 16-20, 2016

ORLANDO, FLORIDA

SMALL ANIMAL AND EXOTICS EDITION

Published by the NAVC, 5003 SW 41st Blvd., Gainesville, FL 32608. Copyright 2016 by the NAVC. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted without written permission from the NAVC.

About the Cover: Jim Wilson’s fascination with animals has influenced many aspects of his life including his career choice. A professional wildlife artist for over thirty five years, Jim spends many hours seeking out and researching his subjects for his detailed pen and ink drawings. He relies on reference material gathered from field work, museums, zoos, veterinary hospitals and rehabilitation facilities. His camera is a constant companion, providing a permanent collection of reference photos. Jim’s work has been featured in a variety of NAVC material since 1992.

The ideas, content and conclusions presented in these Proceedings are strictly those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the viewpoint, position, or endorsement of the NAVC. The NAVC and the contributors do not take responsibility for information provided on dosages and methods of applications of drugs mentioned in these Proceedings. This information must be verified by the user from appropriate literature and/or additional sources. While all contributors were invited to submit manuscripts for the general sessions, some chose not to do so. The NAVC regrets these omissions, but has done everything possible to ensure a comprehensive Proceedings for the NAVC Conference 2016.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ALTERNTIVE MEDICINE Fundamental Substances – TCVM Basics Mary Battistella................................................................1 Understanding the Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine Organ Systems Mary Battistella................................................................3 Review of Anxiety Formulas Mary Battistella................................................................7 Review of Pain Formulas Mary Battistella..............................................................10 Introduction to Homotoxicology: Bio-regulatory Medicine Paula Broadfoot............................................................13 Autosanguis Therapy: New Applications for Ancient Ideas Paula Broadfoot............................................................18 Complementary Approaches to Neurologic Dysfunction Paula Broadfoot............................................................21 Treating Infectious Diseases: Beyond Antibiotics Paula Broadfoot............................................................26 Veterinary Homeopathy – Like Cures Like Douglas Knueven..........................................................31 Natural Nutrition in Small Animal Medicine: The Evolutionary Advantage Douglas Knueven..........................................................35 A Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine Approach to Immunology Gregory Todd................................................................39 Acupuncture to Aid the Chemotherapy Patient Gregory Todd................................................................51

ANESTHESIOLOGY

An Update on Colloids: Should We Use Them in Veterinary Medicine? Pedro Boscan................................................................55 Anesthesia for Dentistry and Surgical Procedures of the Face and Head Pedro Boscan...............................................................58 Favorite Anesthetic Protocol for Mitral Insufficiency in Dogs Pedro Boscan...............................................................62 Favorite Anesthetic Protocol for Dogs with Upper Airway Disease Pedro Boscan...............................................................63

Simbadol or SR Buprenorphine – Which One Should I Use? Pedro Boscan................................................................64 Fluid Administration Guidelines: How Much is Too Much and When Are We Not Giving Enough Pedro Boscan and Amber Hopkins...............................66 Sedation and Anesthetic Protocols – How to Mix and Match Ralph Harvey................................................................70 Anesthesia Characteristics of Alfaxalone (Alfaxan) Amber Hopkins..............................................................72 Managing Patients with Urethral Obstruction of Raptured Urinary Bladder Amber Hopkins..............................................................73 Sedating the Poisoned Pet Justine Lee…................................................................76 Sedating the Dying Blocked Cat Justine Lee…................................................................77

BEHAVIOR Use of Nutraceutical and Botanical Therapies to Modify Behavior Theresa DePorter..........................................................79 How to “Defuse” Kitty Conflicts with a Pheromone Diffuser Theresa DePorter..........................................................84 Feline Medical and Behavioral Conditions: Which is the Primary Diagnosis? Debra Horwitz and Gary Oswald...................................88 Feline House Soiling Debra Horwitz...............................................................92 Intercat Aggression Debra Horwitz...............................................................95 Feline Aggression Directed Toward People: Causes and Treatment Debra Horwitz...............................................................98 Communication, Social Behavior, and Enrichment in Cats Debra Horwitz.............................................................101 Kitten Socialization: What’s Important Debra Horwitz.............................................................105

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Update on Treatments for Urine Marking Debra Horwitz.............................................................109 Twitching, Itching, and Licking: Behavioral Dermatology in Cats Debra Horwitz.............................................................112 Heartworm Treatment: Dog in a Box but Not Bored Debra Horwitz.............................................................115 Behavior Questions and Answers Debra Horwitz.............................................................116 Making Sense of Behavioral Medications: A Practical Approach to Their Use in Dogs and Cats Gary Landsberg and Kersti Seksel.............................119 Compulsive and Repetitive Behavior – Round and Round We Go - How Medications Can Help? Gary Landsberg..........................................................124 A Behaviorist’s Guide to Natural Therapeutics Gary Landsberg..........................................................127 Cognitive Dysfunction: There are Medications That Can Help Dogs and Cats Grow Old with Grace Gary Landsberg..........................................................129 But Does it Work? A Review of 20 Years of Using Drugs, Diets, and Magic to Treat Behavioral Problems Karen Overall…..........................................................132 The Neutering Controversy – Understand the Data on Hormones, Behavior, and Neoplasia Karen Overall…...........................................................136 Assessing Fear and Anxiety in Veterinary Practice: Save Lives, Have Fun, Lower Stress Karen Overall…...........................................................140 Interventions for Early Puppy and Kitten Trauma and Neglect Karen Overall…...........................................................145 Research Update: How Smart is That Dog? Cognitive Testing for Pet Dogs – What Have We Learned and How Can These Tests Help Your Clients? Karen Overall…...........................................................147 Attachment Behaviors and Separation Anxiety Clara Palenstrini..........................................................148 But Does it Work? A Review of 20 Years of Using Drugs, Diets, and Magic to Treat Behavioral Problems Clara Palenstrini..........................................................151 Early Puppyhood Behavior Predictors – Don’t Ignore That Fearful Dog!!! Clara Palenstrini..........................................................153 The Problem of Compliance in Veterinary Behavioral Medicine Clara Palenstrini..........................................................156

Diagnosing and Treating Aggressive Cats: Medications? Eeny, Meeny, Miny, Moe Kersti Seksel...............................................................158 A Behaviorist’s Guide to Pheromone Therapy Kersti Seksel...............................................................161 Diagnosing and Treating Aggressive Dogs: So Many Medications, So Little Time Kersti Seksel...............................................................163 Behavior Modification: The Welfare Implications Kersti Seksel...............................................................166 A Behaviorist’s Guide to Managing the Reactive Dog Kersti Seksel...............................................................169

CARDIOLOGY The Echo – What Measurements are Really Necessary? Adrian Boswood..........................................................171 Blood Tests for Heart Disease – What Can They Tell Us and What Do They Mean? Adrian Boswood..........................................................173 Approach to the Cat with a Heart Murmur Made Simple Adrian Boswood..........................................................175 Atrial Fibrillation in Dogs: Management Adrian Boswood..........................................................176 Occult Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Secrets to Success Adrian Boswood..........................................................178 Management of Congestive Heart Failure – Keeping Them Alive Adrian Boswood..........................................................179 The ECG Revisited – Clinical Tips and Lifesaving Pearls Adrian Boswood..........................................................182 Valvular Heart Disease in Dogs: Natural and Progression Adrian Boswood..........................................................185 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Applying the RECOVER Guidelines Armelle deLaforcade...................................................188 So You Want to Prevent Clotting: What Drug Do You Use Armelle deLaforcade...................................................190 Tense About Pulmonary Hypertension? Simple Steps for Optimal Diagnosis and Treatment Rebecca Stepien.........................................................192

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Cardiac and Non-Cardiac Respiratory Distress: Best Test and Simplified Strategies for Evaluation and Management Rebecca Stepien.........................................................195 Case Management Pearls That You Can’t Afford to Miss Rebecca Stepien.........................................................198

CRITICAL CARE

Heatstroke: Demystifying Multi-Organ Failure Medora Pashmakova and Tim Hackett......................203 Anaphylaxis: Keys to Success in the First 10 Minutes Medora Pashmakova..................................................208 Burn Patients: The First Hour, First Day, First Week Medora Pashmakova.................................................211 Liver Toxins: Complications Down the Road Medora Pashmakova.................................................214

CYTOLOGY Hemoparasities of the Dog and Cat A. Rick Alleman...........................................................217 The Cytology of Neoplasms with Site Predilections A. Rick Alleman...........................................................221 The Quantitative Analysis of the Hemogram and It’s Relation to Blood Cell Morphology A. Rick Alleman...........................................................224 How to Milk Info Out of Your Hematology Analyzer C. Guillermo Couto......................................................227 The Cytology of Non-Inflammatory Lesions Rick Cowell.................................................................229 The Cytology of Inflammatory Lesions Rick Cowell.................................................................231

DENTISTRY Periodontal Disease: Treating the #1 Disease in Your Practice Cindy Charlier and Chris Smithson.............................235 Surgical Tooth Extraction in Cats Cindy Charlier.............................................................238 How I Extract: Persistent Deciduous Canine Teeth Cindy Charlier.............................................................241 How I Extract: The Canine Maxillary First Molar Cindy Charlier.............................................................242

Interpreting Canine Dental Radiographs: See More, Do More! John Lewis..................................................................243 Interpreting Feline Dental Radiographs: See More, Do Even More! John Lewis..................................................................246 Building Your Dental Practice: Chomp Down on Dentistry Heidi Lobprise and John Lewis...................................249 Dental Emergencies 911: He Answers Your Need Heidi Lobprise.............................................................251 Pediatric Dentistry: Deciduous Dilemma Heidi Lobprise.............................................................254 How I Treat: Oronasal Fistula Mark Smith..................................................................257 How I Extract: The Mandibular Canine Using a Lingual Approach Mark Smith..................................................................258 Tooth Extraction Complications: How to Avoid Them! Mark Smith..................................................................259 Surgical Tooth Extractions in Dogs Mark Smith..................................................................261

DERMATOLOGY / OTOLOGY Innovative Therapies for Skin Disease: What’s on the Horizon? Douglas DeBoer..........................................................263 Ten New Things You Need to Know About Allergic Skin Disease Douglas DeBoer..........................................................264 Pruritus and Quality of Life Dana Liska..................................................................268 A Dermatologist’s Viewpoint on the Significance of the Human-Animal Bond in Practice Dana Liska..................................................................270 Apoquel vs. Atopica vs. Predinisone: Which Drug I Use and When Dawn Logas and Andrew Rosenberg.........................272 Help for the Uncontrollably Itchy Part I: Diagnosis of Allergic Diseases Dawn Logas................................................................276 Help for the Uncontrollably Itchy Part II: Management of Allergic Dermatitis Dawn Logas................................................................278 All Topical Shampoos are Not Created Equal Dawn Logas................................................................280

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Feline Dermatology: Well, You Don’t See That Every Day, or Do You? Cherie Pucheu-Haston................................................281 Antibiotic-Resistant Skin Infections: What Antibiotics to Use Now Cherie Pucheu-Haston................................................284 Better Skin Biopsies: How to Get the Most From Your Samples Cherie Pucheu-Haston................................................287 Optimizing Your Microscope for Dematologic Samples Cherie Pucheu-Haston................................................289 Update on Demodicosis: Diagnosis and Management Andrew Rosenberg.....................................................291 When Should I Culture? Andrew Rosenberg.....................................................295 What’s Wrong with this Cavalier’s Ears? Andrew Rosenberg.....................................................297 Looks Like Cushing’s or Hypothyroidism, But Isn’t Andrew Rosenberg.....................................................299 Itchy Cat: Is it Allergic or Not? How to Tell the Difference Andrew Rosenberg.....................................................303 Update on Canine Demodicosis Wayne Rosenkrantz....................................................309 Food Allergies and Atopy: Putting the Puzzle Pieces Together Lori Thompson............................................................313 Frustrated by Current Therapies? A New Treatment Option for Otitis Externa Lori Thompson............................................................321 Pruritus: Scratching the Surface Lori Thompson...................................................................325

ENDOCRINOLOGY Feline Idiopathic Hypercalcemia Ellen Behrend..............................................................329 I Found an Adrenal Tumor I Wasn’t Expecting. Now What? Ellen Behrend..............................................................331

Hyperthyroid Cats: Maximizing Survival Ellen Behrend..............................................................334

Ocular Complications of Endocrine Diseases in Dogs and Cats Ellen Behrend..............................................................336

Ocular Complications of Endocrine Diseases in Dogs and Cats Renee Carter...............................................................339

ENDOSCOPY Special GI Endoscopy Techniques David Twedt................................................................345 Endoscopy of the Small and Large Intestine David Twedt................................................................348

FORENSICS & ANIMAL WELFARE Dealing with Forensic Experts: The Vital Role of the Veterinarian During the Investigation and in Preparation for Court Nancy Bradley.............................................................351 Asphyxia: The Unusual Tale of Two Cases Nancy Bradley.............................................................353 Consulting for the Defense – A Dog of Different Colors Melinda Merck.............................................................356 Welfare of Brachycephalic Dogs Philip Moses................................................................359

GASTEROENTEROLOGY Food Allergy: Skin Disease or GI Disease? Stan Marks..................................................................365 Which OTC Antacid Should Be Used in Dogs and Cats? Gary Oswald...............................................................368 Pancreatitis: Controversies in Diagnosis and Treatment Craig Ruaux................................................................370 Esophageal Disease: Successful Strategies for Difficult Cases Craig Ruaux................................................................373 The GI Panel: Key Facts and Examples Craig Ruaux................................................................375 Gastrointestinal Protozoa: The State of the Art in Diagnosis and Management M. Katherine Tolbert and Craig Ruaux........................378 Monitoring Bloodwork: The Hows and Whys of Detecting Change Craig Ruaux…….........................................................383 Management of Dogs with Suspected Intestinal Foreign Body Ingestion Daniel Smeak............................................................385

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A Practical Right-sided Incisional Gastropexy Technique for Treatment or Prevention of Gastric Dilation Volvulus Daniel Smeak.............................................................387 Vomiting in Cats: Secrets of Success with Frustrating Cases M. Katherine Tolbert...................................................390 Gastrointestinal Immunodiagnostsics: Cutting Edge Techniques M. Katherine Tolbert..................................................394 Controlling Gastric Acidity: Problems, Pitfalls and Opportunities M. Katherine Tolbert.................................................396 Approach to Chronic Diarrhea David C. Twedt.........................................................399

HEMATOLOGY

CBC and Biochemical Profile: Beyond the Basics to Maximize Results Dennis DeNicola.........................................................403 Urinalysis: Are You Getting the Most Out of It? Why Pan for Gold? Dennis DeNicola.........................................................405

HOSPITAL DESIGN

How to Speak and Understand Construction Susan Allen and Heather Lewis..................................409 Want to Design a Green Hospital? Susan Allen.................................................................412 What You Need to Design a Successful Hospital Susan Allen.................................................................414 Color, Light, and Texture for Interior Design Daniel Chapel.............................................................418 How Your Hospital Design Can Be Fear Free Daniel Chapel..............................................................420 Start – Leaseholds, Renovations, and Additions Daniel Chapel..............................................................423 What Your Peers are Building - Trends Daniel Chapel..............................................................426 Floor Planning 101 Daniel Chapel..............................................................428 Green Building: Engineering Design for Efficiency C. Scott Learned.........................................................433 Using Products and Materials (In the Best Ways) Heather Lewis.............................................................434

5 Essentials for Exceptional Hospital Design Heather Lewis.............................................................437 Free-Free Design for All Hospitals Heather Lewis.............................................................440 Floor Plan – More Bang for the $ Buck $ Heather Lewis.............................................................444 The Use of Daylighting to Promote Efficiency, Comfort, and Productivity in Veterinary Hospital Design: Part One Richard Rauh..............................................................447 The Use of Daylighting to Promote Efficiency, Comfort, and Productivity in Veterinary Hospital Design: Part Two Richard Rauh..............................................................451

IMAGING

The Keys to Interpreting Stifle Radiographs Philip Moses……….....................................................455 FLASH Ultrasound of the Abdomen Nathalie Rademacher.................................................457 Ileus in Small Animals: Tips for Easier Radiographic Diagnosis Nathalie Rademacher.................................................458

Spinal Diseases in Dogs and Cats – Joint Approach from a Neurologist and a Radiologist Nathalie Rademacher and Christopher Mariani..........460

INFECTIOUS DISEASE

Treating Infectious Diseases: Beyond Antibiotics PJ Broadfoot...............................................................465 American Hepatozoonosis Kate Creevy................................................................470 Antimicrobial Resistance: How? Why? And What to Do When You Encounter It Kate Creevy................................................................473 CIV Outbreak in Chicago: Lessons Learned Steve Dale..................................................................476 Is Giardia in Your Neighborhood? Emilio DeBess and Karen Fling..................................477 Do You Snap? Good, Better, Best: Don’t Miss Infectious Diseases!! Richard Goldstein.......................................................480 Lyme Disease: Optimizing Prevention Through Vaccination Richard Goldstein......................................................485

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Leptospirosis & Lyme Updates Richard Goldstein.......................................................487 Canine Leptospirosis: Diagnosing, Treating, and Preventing an Endemic Disease Kenneth Harkin...........................................................492 Fever of Unknown Origin: Pathways to a Diagnosis Kenneth Harkin...........................................................496 Feline Histoplasmosis: Diagnose Early For Better Outcome Kenneth Harkin...........................................................498 Canine Neosporosis: Disease Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Therapy Kenneth Harkin...........................................................500 Toxoplasmosis in Dogs – To Test or Not to Test? Edward Ives................................................................502 Parvovirus Pediatric Critical Care: What’s New Justine Lee..................................................................503 What’s Trending? Canine and Feline Infectious Disease: It’s Dynamic Nature and Your Role in Revealing It Julie Levy....................................................................507 Canine Influenza Virus: Outbreaks, Prevention, Vaccination – What You Need to Know Now? Katharine Lunn............................................................511 Lyme Disease: Optimizing Prevention Through Vaccination Richard Marconi..........................................................514 CIV Outbreak in Chicago: Lessons Learned – A Practical Review Natalie Marks..............................................................516 What Can We Learn About Antimicrobial-resistant Skin Infections in Animals From Antimicrobial-resistant Infections in Humans: Lots of Problems and a Few Solutions Catherine Outerbridge and George Zhanel.................518

MISCELLANEOUS

Risky Business? Injury and Illness in Urban Search and Rescue Canines Jennifer Brown............................................................521 How, What and Why of Measuring Acute Phase Proteins Carolyn Cray...............................................................524 A Death Well Planned: Doing Euthanasia Right From the Start Mary Gardner and Dani McVety..................................526 When is it Time? Assessing Quality of Life Mary Gardner and Dani McVety..................................528

Geriatrics Part 1 & 2 – Practical Treatment and Care for the Aging Pet Mary Gardner and Dani McVety..................................532 HELP: Hospice and End of Life Planning Mary Gardner and Dani McVety.................................535 Selecting the Right Crematory; Your Most Important Death-care Partner Mary Gardner and Dani McVety.................................538 Convenience Euthanasia; Listen Before You Judge Mary Gardner and Dani McVety.................................540 Estate Planning for End of Life Mary Gardner and Dani McVety.................................541 Treating Everyday Conditions with laser Therapy John Godbold.............................................................542 Acute, Chronic, and Less Common Laser Cases John Godbold.............................................................545 Everyday Laser Surgery with Advanced CO2, Lasers, Accessories and Techniques John Godbold.............................................................548 The Science of Laser Therapy and Its Clinical Application John Godbold.............................................................551 The Images of Veterinary Medicine: How One Picture Can Express 1000 Words Michael Schaer..........................................................555

NEPHROLOGY / UROLOGY

Urethral Obstructions: New Ways to Manage C. A. Tony Buffington..................................................585 Stress and the Urinary Tract: Is the Soul Really in the Bladder C. A. Tony Buffington..................................................586 Medical Management of Urethral Sphincter Mechanism Incompetence Michael Lappin............................................................589 Feeding Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease: Evidence and Challenges Yann Queau................................................................591 How I Treat: Urate Urolithiasis Yann Queau................................................................594 Acute Chronic Uremic Crisis in the Cat Jessica Quimby..........................................................595 Inappetence in Feline Chronic Kidney Disease: Exploring Etiology and Management Jessica Quimby...........................................................598

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Anemia in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease Jessica Quimby...........................................................601 Pyelectasia in CKD Cats: Pyelonephritis or Not? Jessica Quimby...........................................................602 Early Chronic Kidney Disease Recognition: Understanding How it Will Impact Patient Management Jane Robertson...........................................................604 Are You Missing CKD in Your Healthy Feline Patients? Jane Robertson...........................................................608 Cats and Kidney Disease: Cases and Strategies for Early Intervention Jane Robertson...........................................................612 Rethinking Nutritional Management of Chronic Kidney Disease in Dogs Sherry Sanderson.......................................................616 How I Treat: Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis Sherry Sanderson.......................................................619 How I Treat: Cystine Urolithiasis Sherry Sanderson.......................................................620

NEUROLOGY

Guide to Neurologic Examination – Theory into Practice Elsa Beltran and Luis Gaitero.....................................621 Vestibular Dysfunction - Should I be Worried? Elsa Beltran.................................................................625 Neurologic Disorders Affecting the Face – What Could I Do? Elsa Beltran.................................................................629 Seizures – What Should I Do? Elsa Beltran.................................................................634 Movement Disorders – Do They Exist in Dogs Elsa Beltran.................................................................636 Meningoencephalitis of Unknown Origin: Diagnosis and Management Luis Gaitero.................................................................638 Update on Spinal Cord Disease: Acute and Chronic Luis Gaitero.................................................................641 How to Approach Neuromuscular Disorders Luis Gaitero.................................................................644 Neck Pain, Back Pain, and Paraparesis – How to Decide What to Leave and What to Investigate Tom Harcourt-Brown...................................................645 Is Acute Spinal Cord Injury an Emergency? Tom Harcourt-Brown...................................................648

Steroid-Responsive Meningitis Arteritis – Challenges in Diagnosis Tom Harcourt-Brown...................................................651 Common Cranial Nerve Deficits – From the Floppy Face to Dropped Jaw Edward Ives………………...........................................653 Head Trauma in Small Animals Christopher Mariani.....................................................656 Spinal Diseases in Dogs and Cats – Joint Approach from a Neurologist and a Radiologist Nathalie Rademacher and Christopher Mariani..........658

NUTRITION

Inappetence in Dogs and Cats: What’s New in its Management Julie Allen……….........................................................663

Chronic Canine Enteropathies – When the Right Diet is All You Need Frederic Gaschen........................................................667 Challenging the Pet Food Paradigm Nancy Martin...............................................................670 Nutritional Myths and Misperceptions: Corn, By-Products, Cata and Carbs, and More Yann Queau and Sherry Sanderson...........................675 Nutrition in Liver Disease: A Tailored Approach Yann Queau................................................................678 Nutrition and Dermatology: A Case-based Approach Sherry Sanderson.......................................................681 Paradigm Shift for Cobalamin Supplementation – Are We Done with Injections? Jorg Steiner.................................................................683 Skinny Old Cats – An Update David Williams.............................................................686

ONCOLOGY Clinical Application of Immunotherapeutics in Veterinary Oncology Philip Bergman and Craig Clifford .............................689 Principles of Surgical Oncology Robert Dudley.............................................................694 Mast Cell Tumors and Soft Tissue Sarcomas in Dogs Robert Dudley.............................................................703 Osteosarcoma in Dogs: New Treatment Developments Nicole Ehrhart.............................................................714

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Feline IBD Versus Alimentary Lymphoma – Tips for Diagnosis and Management Sue Ettinger................................................................717 See Something, Do Something. Why Wait? Aspirate. Sue Ettinger................................................................720 Top Tips for Managing Cancer Patients in Your Practice Sue Ettinger................................................................723 Vomiting, Diarrhea, and Inappetance in the Chemotherapy Patient Sue Ettinger................................................................726

The Mast Cell Tumor Prognostic Panel Sue Ettinger................................................................727 How to Talk to Clients About Cancer and Avoid Top Oncology Mistakes Sue Ettinger................................................................728 Opening the Cell Membrane – Insertion of Cancer Vaccines and Chemotherapy to Help Domestic Animals J. A. Impellizeri………………………………………………...732 Osteosarcoma in Dogs: New Therapeutic Advances Chad Johannes and Nicola Mason.............................735 Fear-Free Cancer Care: The Bond in Action for Specialists and General Practitioners Gregory Ogilivie..........................................................738 Specialists’ Viewpoints on the Human-Animal Bond in Practice: A Panel Discussion Gregory Ogilivie..........................................................741 What’s New in Oncologic Treatments: Updates on Anti-cancer Biologic Therapies and Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Timothy Stein..............................................................743 Canine Oral Malignant Melanoma: Diagnosis and Treatment Timothy Stein..............................................................746

Osteosarcoma from the Perspective of a Medical and Radiation Oncologist: Clinical Recommendations for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Follow-up Timothy Stein and Michelle Turek...............................749 Flow Cytometry in Veterinary Oncology: How Can Your Practice Utilize This Tool? Timothy Stein..............................................................754 Using Molecular Testing Techniques in Practice: Parr Analysis in the Diagnosis of Lymphoma Timothy Stein..............................................................755 3D, RT, IMRT, SRS: Demystifying the Explosion of Technology and Options in Radiotherapy Michelle Turek.............................................................756

Chemotherapy Safety in Small Animal Practice: What You Need to Know to Protect Yourself, Your Patient and Your Clients Michelle Turek.............................................................758

Practical Radiotherapy for the Primary Care Clinician – Benefits for Your Cancer Patients Michelle Turek.............................................................760 Lymphoma, Human and Canine: New Immunotherapeutic Advances John Gerecitano and David Vail..................................763

OPHTHALMOLOGY

Glaucoma Medications: What Drug to Choose Renee Carter...............................................................767 Uveitis in Dogs and Cats: Clinical Tips for Diagnosis and Mangement Renee Carter...............................................................769 Your Ophthalmoscope: How to Get the Most From It Renee Carter...............................................................772 Feline Ocular Disease and Systemic Hypertension Sheila Crispin.........................................................................774 Ocular Manifestations of Hyperlipoproteinemia in Small Animals Sheila Crispin..............................................................777 Ophthalmoscopy Techniques Made Simple Sheila Crispin.........................................................................781 Acute Ocular Chemical Injuries Sheila Crispin.........................................................................782 Problematic Pupils: A Logical Approach to Anisocoria Edward Ives................................................................783 Common Eyelid Disorders: When and How to Intervene Caryn Plummer...........................................................786

Ocular Manifestations of Endocrinopathies in Small Animals Caryn Plummer...........................................................790

Common Ophthalmic Emergencies: Management Caryn Plummer...........................................................794

Cherry Eye: Surgical Options Caryn Plummer...........................................................797

Dry Eye in Dogs: Give Them Something to Cry About Shelby Reinstein.........................................................799

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ORTHOPEDICS

The Tibial Plateau Angle: Why You Need it, How to Get it and How to Use it Mary Sarah Bergh.......................................................803 CrCL Disease: What We Know, What We Still Don’t Know, and Case Discussion Mary Sarah Bergh and Stanley Kim............................805 New Locking Plate Systems: What’s Available, Product Comparison, Should I Get One? Mary Sarah Bergh.......................................................808 External Skeletal Fixation: Getting Started in Your Practice Mary Sarah Bergh.......................................................811 Detection & Treatment of Hip Joint Hyperlaxity in the Puppy Mary Sarah Bergh.......................................................814 How I Evaluate and Treat the Meniscus Via Arthrotomy Mary Sarah Bergh.......................................................817 Tibial Crest Avulsion Fractures: Simple Tips for Diagnosis and Treatment Mary Sarah Bergh.......................................................818 Tips and Tricks to Improve Your Outcome with Lateral Suture Stabilization Mary Sarah Bergh.......................................................820 Management of Hip Dysplasia Kenneth Bruecker.......................................................822 Patellar Luxation: New Understanding of Etiology and Management Kenneth Bruecker.......................................................825 Ventral Approach for Femoral Head Ostectomy Kenneth Bruecker.......................................................828 Tips for Patient Positioning for Orthopedic Radiography Kenneth Bruecker.......................................................830 Elbow Dysplasia Kenneth Bruecker.......................................................832 Tips & Tricks: Femoral Head and Neck Ostectomies Matthew Johnson........................................................835 Tips and Tricks: Amputations Matthew Johnson........................................................836 Fracture Case Discussions: Learning From Success and Failures Stanley Kim and Mary Sarah Bergh............................837 The Practical 3-Minute Orthopedic “Screening” Exam Stanley Kim.................................................................847

The Controversial Meniscus: My Tips for Assessment and Treatment Stanley Kim.................................................................849 Patellar Luxation: When to Watch, When to Treat, and When to Run! Stanley Kim.................................................................851 How to Treat Selected Mandibular Fractures with the Internal Tape Muzzle Stanley Kim.................................................................854 Update Your Stifle Exam: How to Get More Bang for Your Buck! Stanley Kim.................................................................856 Update Your Hip Exam: How to Get More Bang for Your Buck! Stanley Kim.................................................................858 Elbow Disease: Rehab Techniques Kristin Kirkby Shaw....................................................860 Degenerative Joint Disease: Medical Management Kristin Kirkby Shaw.....................................................863 Minimally Invasive Fracture Repair Daniel Lewis................................................................866 Cruciate Disease – Where is the Evidence Philip Moses................................................................868 Feline Osteoarthritis Philip Moses................................................................872 Potential for Bisphosphonates in Fracture Healing Philip Moses................................................................877 Medial Patella Luxation Philip Moses................................................................880 Hip Luxation: Key Strategies for Effective Treatment (and Errors to avoid) Philip Moses................................................................887 Cast Problems Solved! How to Effectively Manage Casts and Splints Philip Moses................................................................894 Fractures in Immature Animals: Key “Problem Prevention” Strategies Philip Moses................................................................899

Ehmer Slings: Why They Go Bad & How to Prevent it Ross Palmer................................................................903 Fracture Treatment: The 10 Commandments of Success & Prosperity Ross Palmer................................................................906 Long Bone Fractures: What Can I Safely Do with IM Pines and Wires? Ross Palmer................................................................910

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How I Pin the Femur: Be 100% Certain That the Sciatic is Safe Ross Palmer................................................................913 How I Place my Excap Suture: Never Miss the Fabella Again! Ross Palmer................................................................916 Lifelong Orthopedic Care Ross Palmer and Joseph Wakshlag...........................917 Keys to Patient-Centered Orthopedic are: It is Not All in the Operating Room Ross Palmer, Todd Tams, Ralph Harvey………..……923

Using Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) in Your Practice Frances Smith and Jerold Bell....................................928

PAIN MANAGEMENT

Osteoarthritis in Dogs and Cats: Novel Therapeutic Advances Mark Epstein and Kristin Kirkby Shaw........................931 My Favorite Anesthetic Protocols in Large Soft Tissue Resection Mark Epstein...............................................................935 The Big Goal of Reducing Fear – Pain – Stress in Our Clinical Care Ralph Harvey………....................................................936 Laser Therapy and Its Role in Pain Management and Rehabilitation Jennifer Johnson.........................................................940 Post-Operative Pain in Dogs and Cats: New Advances for Extended Pain Relief B. Duncan Lascelles...................................................942 Preventive Medicine Through Injury Recovery to Keep Dogs Working and Playing Cynthia Otto and Laurie McCauley.............................944 Myofascial Pain Syndrome: The Next Big Thing Michael Petty...............................................................947 Opiods and Opiod Use: Demystifying the Gold Standard of Acute Pain Management Michael Petty...............................................................949 Understanding Pain Pathways and Pharmacologic Targets Michael Petty...............................................................952

PARASITOLOGY Understanding the Transmission of Tick-borne Illness and the Role of the Veterarian as a Public Health Professional A. Rick Alleman...........................................................955 Heartworm Treatment: Why Not Slow-kill? New Patient-focused Reasons Clarke Atkins..............................................................959 Heartworm Prevention: The Dilemma of the Missed Dose Clarke Atkins..............................................................960 Spinose Ear Ticks at Fossil Rim Wildlife Center: Where, What, When and How (to Kill Them) Holly Haefele...............................................................961 Flea Control: How to Make Sense of the Myriad of Options? Cherie Pucheu-Haston................................................964 Who are You Gonna Call? Parasite Busters Michael Yabsley..........................................................966

PHARMACOLOGY

Use of Mycophenolate Mofetil in Clinical Practice Kate Creevy….............................................................971 Florida Drug Laws Update - 2016 Thomas Vickroy..........................................................972

PRACTICE MANAGER Apples & Oranges: Significant Differences Between Fear-Free and Fearful Veterinary Practices Marty Becker………....................................................977 Fear –Free Practice – With it You’ll Thrive, Without it, You Might Not Survive Marty Becker...............................................................979 Top 10 Ways to Get Started With Fear-Free Veterinary Visits Marty Becker...............................................................980 Prevent Unhappy Employees: Start New Employees Out Right Betsy Choder..............................................................982 Workplace Policies and Handbooks: Staying on Top of the Legal Game Betsy Choder..............................................................985 Firing Employees - Legally Betsy Choder..............................................................988

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A New Leadership Approach to Motivation and Delegation Monica Dixon Perry.....................................................991 Where Did the $ Go? Embezzlement? Missed Charges? Monica Dixon Perry.....................................................994 Top 5 Management Tips for Best Practice Monica Dixon Perry....................................................998 6 Steps to Evaluate Performance Katherine Dobbs.......................................................1001 13 Parts to a Job Description Katherine Dobbs.......................................................1003 Creating Middle Management – A Dream or a Nightmare? Katherine Dobbs.......................................................1006 Manager Burnout and More Katherine Dobbs.......................................................1009 3 Must Know HR Tips Katherine Dobbs.......................................................1012 Creating & Using Training Tools Louise Dunn..............................................................1018 Training & Measuring Successful Performance Louise Dunn..............................................................1023 You Can Have Both Quality & Efficiency Louise Dunn..............................................................1025 Getting Real Change to Happen Louise Dunn..............................................................1028 Using Compensation to Motivate Your Team Karen Felsted and Leslie Mamalis............................1032 Mining Untapped Pockets of Revenue Karen Felsted…........................................................1035 Why Do I Need to Change What I’ve Always Done? Karen Felsted............................................................1038 Garbage In and Garbage Out: Can You Trust Your Numbers Karen Felsted and Leslie Mamalis............................1042 The Pharmacy Fight Isn’t Over Karen Felsted............................................................1046 Client Feedback and Reputation Management Eric Garcia................................................................1049 Client Engagement and Loyalty with Social Media Eric Garcia................................................................1051

Merging Marketing and Management Eric Garcia and Robert Gribble.................................1052 How to #Unplug…Taking a Digital Sabbatical Eric Garcia................................................................1055 Marketing Trends to Know & Use in 2016 Karyn Gavzer…….....................................................1057 Boomer Versus Millennial! A Humorous Look at Workplace Issues Karyn Gavzer and Eric Garcia..................................1058 Mining the Ordinary to Make an Extraordinary Difference: A Case Study on Client Reminders Karyn Gavzer…….....................................................1060 Discover Your Competitive Advantage: Learn How to Find the Gaps and Breakout from the Pack Karyn Gavzer…….....................................................1062 Help Your Doctors Become Superheroes Robert Gribble...........................................................1064 Three Easy Tips on How to Stay Financially Healthy Edward Guiducci and Michael Porrello.....................1067 Exit Strategies and Associate Buy-Ins Edward Guiducci and Michael Porrello.....................1070 How Much Debt? When, Why, and How to Reinvest in My Practice Edward Guiducci and Michael Porrello.....................1073 Is This Practice Worth the Price? Can I Afford It? Edward Guiducci and Michael Porrello.....................1076 Nondisclosure Agreements and Letters of Intent Edward Guiducci and Michael Porrello.....................1078 Due Diligence and Purchase Agreements Edward Guiducci and Michael Porrello.....................1080 Relevant Legal Trends in Veterinary Medicine Charlotte Lacroix.......................................................1082 Navigating the Engaged Employees and the Bullies Charlotte Lacroix.......................................................1086 Effective Leadership: Maximize Leadership Talent Throughout Your Practice Charlotte Lacroix.......................................................1089 Workplace Bullying…Is it a Big Deal? Charlotte Lacroix.......................................................1091 Handling Animal Cruelty Cases: Civil and Criminal Liability Issues Charlotte Lacroix.......................................................1093 Don’t Let Noise Dominate Your Animal Care Facility C. Scott Learned.......................................................1095

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Dirty Secrets: Hiring Architects, Engineers, and Contractors C. Scott Learned.......................................................1097 2016 Financial Trends – From No-Lo Practice to Practice Prosperity Leslie Mamalis..........................................................1101 Using Budgets & Benchmarks Leslie Mamalis..........................................................1104 How Decisions You Make Affect Profitability Leslie Mamalis..........................................................1107 Forget Me Not – How a Digital Brain Will Add 20% to Your Bottom Line Dave Nicol.................................................................1110 The Invisible Battlefield – Attracting Clients in the Digital Age Dave Nicol.................................................................1112 Financial Leadership – Take Control of Your Bottom Line Darren Osborne........................................................1115 Financial Leadership – Take Control of Your Top Line Darren Osborne........................................................1118 Compassion Satisfaction: The Antidote to Compassion Fatigue Julie Squires.............................................................1120 Compassion Fatigue: An Occupational Hazard Julie Squires.............................................................1122 Nobody Told Me That! (Are Your Clients Hearing You?) Mary Ann Vande Linde..............................................1124 Is Your Team Communicating? And Hearing You? Sandy Walsh.............................................................1127 Successful Meetings That Produce Results Sandy Walsh.............................................................1129 4 Tips Superstars Must Know Sandy Walsh and Karyn Gavzer...............................1131 Inventory – Getting it Under Control Sandy Walsh.............................................................1133 OSHA Basics – What You Need to Know Sandy Walsh.............................................................1136 10 Tips to Improve Hospital Flow Sandy Walsh and Robert Gribble..............................1139 Identify and Build on What Your Practice Does Best Peter Weinstein.........................................................1142 Finding, Developing, and Marketing New Profit Centers Peter Weinstein.........................................................1145

Getting Associates Care and Lead Peter Weinstein.........................................................1149

REHABILITATION Emerging Trends in Veterinary Laser Technology: Revolutionizing Pain Management and Wound Healing David Bradley............................................................1153 Effect of a Core Conditioning Program on Lumbar Paraspinal Area, Asymmetry, and Pain Score in Military Working Dogs with Lumbosacral Pain Andrea Henderson, Silke Hecht, Marti Drum, and Darryl Millis……………………………………………….........1156 Rehabilitation of Working Dogs: Modifying Physical Modalities for This Group Laurie McCauley.......................................................1158 Rehabilitation Exercises for Common Injuries in Working Dogs Laurie McCauley.......................................................1161 Health Hazards and Rehabilitation of Dogs That Play or Work Too Hard Cynthia Otto..............................................................1164 Lame Dogs, Lame Approaches – How Can We Improve Management of Canine Lameness? Cynthia Otto..............................................................1166

RESPIRATORY DISEASES

Respiratory Medicine: How Emerging Developments are Shaping Today’s Advanced Clinician Stephen Carey and Carol Reinero............................1169 Inhalational Therapy in Practice: Just Breathe Deeply! Stephen Carey..........................................................1173 Chronic Nasal Disease, the Whys and Hows: That Nasal Discharge is Back! Stephen Carey..........................................................1176 How I Do a Nasal Flush Stephen Carey..........................................................1179 Nasal Aspergillosis: Effective Treatment Strategies Kenneth Harkin.........................................................1180 Coughing Dogs: Diagnostics and Treatment Considerations – “Control the Hack” Gary Oswald…..........................................................1182 Advances in Lower Airway Diseases in Cats: What You Need to Know Now Carol Reinero............................................................1185 Thoracic Radiographs: How to Get an Answer from Shades of Grey Carol Reinero............................................................1188

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How I do a BAL in Cats Carol Reinero............................................................1191 How Pulmonary Histopathology is Useful to the Clinician: Under the Looking Glass Carol Reinero............................................................1192

SHELTER MEDICINE

Surgical Conditions of the Reproductive Tract Matthew Johnson......................................................1193 Conservative Fracture Management in the Shelter Matthew Johnson......................................................1197 Reproductive Endocrinology: Highlights for Shelter Practice Audrey Kelleman.......................................................1200 Pregnancy, Postpartum, and Pathology Audrey Kelleman.......................................................1203

SOFT TISSUE SURGERY Brachycsephalic Airway Surgery: Fresh Air on Restoring Life Quality! Geraldine Hunt..........................................................1207 Dreaded Distal Limb Masses: Key Strategies for Success Geraldine Hunt..........................................................1210 Anal Sacculectomy: Practical Tips to Avoid Complications and Make it Easy Geraldine Hunt..........................................................1212 Feline Perineal Urethrostomy: Practical Tips to Avoid Complications and Make it Easy Geraldine Hunt..........................................................1214 Intenstinal Biopsy: Sure-Fire Technique Tips Geraldine Hunt..........................................................1216 Surgical GI Cases: What Would You Do with This One? MaryAnn Radlinsky...................................................1218 Ear Surgery: New Solutions to an Old Problem MaryAnn Radlinsky...................................................1219 Pyometra Secrets: Pre-, Intra-, and Postoperative Care MaryAnn Radlinsky...................................................1221 Chylothorax: What are the Treatment Outcomes Really? MaryAnn Radlinsky...................................................1224 Uretheral Stones: What Should I Do? MaryAnn Radlinsky...................................................1225

Canine and Feline Cystotomy: Never Leave a Stone Behind Again! Ameet Singh..............................................................1226 Surefire Tips for Surgical Correction of Common Abdominal Hernias Ameet Singh..............................................................1228 Barbed and Coated Sutures: Should You Use Them? Ameet Singh..............................................................1231 Rub Versus Scrub for Pre-surgical Hand Asepsis: Is One Better? Ameet Singh..............................................................1232 Surgical Site Infections (SSI): Make Them Stop! Ameet Singh..............................................................1233 Tips for Simple, Safe and Effective Abdominal Exploration and Organ Biopsy Ameet Singh..............................................................1236 Surgical Diseases of the Spleen: How You Can Avoid Trouble! Ameet Singh..............................................................1239 Tips for Cosmetic Skin Closure Daniel Smeak............................................................1242 A Practical Right-sided Incisional Gastropexy Technique for Treatment or Prevention of Gastric Dilatation Volvulus Daniel Smeak............................................................1243

SPORTS MEDICINE Nontradtional Approaches to Osteoarthritis in the Canine Athlete Brittany Carr..............................................................1247 Practical Regenerative Medicine Protocols for the Canine Athlete Robert Harman.........................................................1250 Diagnosis & Treatment of Common Muscle Injuries in Sporting Dogs Laurie McCauley.......................................................1253 Greyhounds Downunder 2016: An Update on Greyhound Racing in Australia Philip Moses..............................................................1254 Preventing Dehydration: Lessons from Professional Canine Athletes Cynthia Otto..............................................................1257 Diagnostic Approach to Poor Performance in Canine Athletes Cynthia Otto..............................................................1259 Nutrition for Peak Performance – What’s Hot, What’s Not Cynthia Otto..............................................................1262

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Keeping Working Dogs Working Cynthia Otto..............................................................1263 Platelet Rich Plasma: The Benefits, Limitations, and Processing of Platelets for Canine Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Justin Shmalberg......................................................1266 Acupuncture and Herbs in Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Justin Shmalberg......................................................1269

WOUND MANAGEMENT Frustrating Foot and Digital Injuries Jude Bordelon...........................................................1273 Suture Selection: It Does Matter Kristy Broaddus.........................................................1274

Dog Bite Wounds Kristy Broaddus.........................................................1277 Using Sugar and Honey for Wounds, Sweet! Kristy Broaddus.........................................................1280 To Drain or Not to Drain Kristy Broaddus.........................................................1282 Skin Flaps and Skin Grafts Robert Dudley...........................................................1284 Challenging Wounds: Secrets to Conquering Those That Defy Closure Geraldine Hunt..........................................................1287 Medical Wound Management in the Shelter Matthew Johnson......................................................1290

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EXOTICS

AQUATIC MEDICINE

Diagnostic Imaging in Fish Medicine: Powerful New Tools in Improving Fish Health Stephen Boylan.........................................................1293 New Treatment: Advances in Sea Turtle Medicine Stephen Boylan.........................................................1295 Secret Tricks of Ornamental Fish Medicine: Diseases and Treatments Julie Cavin.................................................................1298 Pinniped Medicine: Exploring Common Problems and Their Treatment Julie Cavin.................................................................1301 New Treatment Advances in Sea Turtle Medicine Julie Cavin.................................................................1302 Galapagos Island Restoration Project and Ecosystem Health: The Veterinary Perspective Sam Rivera...............................................................1305 Protozoal Diseases of Aquatic Species: Important Diseases You Need to Know Stephen Smith...........................................................1307 Koi Diseases and Treatments: 5 Most Common Pathogens and Their Treatments Natalie Steckler.........................................................1309 Water Quality: How to Help Your Clients Avoid Catastrophes Natalie Steckler.........................................................1312 How to Submit Proper Diagnostics: Explaining Molecular Diagnostics and Culture Methods in Aquatics Natalie Steckler.........................................................1315 New Information on Fish Viruses: Koi Herpes, Spring Viremia of Carp, Carp Edema Virus, and More Natalie Steckler.........................................................1317

AVIAN

Avian Influenza: From the Front Lines Jenifer Chatfield........................................................1319 Avian Metabolic Bone Diseases M. Scott Echols.........................................................1321 Diagnosis and Treatment of Nasal-Frontal Hinge Joint Arthrodesis in a Hybrid Macaw (ARA Macao X ARA Ararauna) M. Scott Echols and Brian Speer..............................1325

Waterfowl Husbandry M. Scott Echols.........................................................1326 Poultry Surgery M. Scott Echols.........................................................1330 Advances in Imaging Technology M. Scott Echols.........................................................1334 Clinical Cardiovascular Anatomy and Disease States Brenna Fitzgerald......................................................1338 Atherosclerosis in Birds – What You Need to Know! Brenna Fitzgerald......................................................1342 Cardiovascular Disease Diagnostics Brenna Fitzgerald......................................................1345 Cardiovascular Ultrasound – Seeing Through the Noise Brenna Fitzgerald......................................................1348 Managing Cardiovascular Diseases in Birds Brenna Fitzgerald......................................................1353 Endoscopic Partial Pericardiectomy in a Jenday Conure Brenna Fitzgerald......................................................1357 Managing Congestive Heart Failure in a Gray Parrott Brenna Fitzgerald ……………………………………..1359 Managing Fungal Respiratory Diseases Susan Orosz.............................................................1361 Respiratory Disease: What is Wrong with This Parrot? Susan Orosz.............................................................1364 Managing Respiratory Diseases in Birds Susan Orosz.............................................................1365 The Dyspneic Bird Workup Susan Orosz.............................................................1368 Respiratory Disease Diagnostics Susan Orosz.............................................................1369 Clinical Respiratory Anatomy Susan Orosz.............................................................1372 When is Respiratory Disease not Respiratory Disease Karen Rosenthal.......................................................1375 Clinical Pathology and Respiratory Diseases in Birds Karen Rosenthal.......................................................1376 Surgery of the Upper Respiratory System Brian Speer...............................................................1377 Management of Backyard Chickens Brian Speer...............................................................1380 Chicken Skin Disease: 5 Categories and How to Treat Them Bianca Zaffarano.......................................................1385

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Heartworm in Nontraditional Species Bianca Zaffarano.......................................................1390 Common Cancers in Avian Species Ashley Zehnder.........................................................1392 Risk Factors for Cancer Development Ashley Zehnder.........................................................1396 Treatment Protocols for Common Cancers in Birds Ashley Zehnder.........................................................1399 Treatment for Cloacal Carcinoma in an Amazon Parrot Ashley Zehnder.........................................................1404 Management of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in an Amazon Parrot Ashley Zehnder.........................................................1406 Poultry Cancer – Know the Enemy Ashley Zehnder.........................................................1407

EXOTIC COMPANION MAMMALS Lymphoma in Ferrets: Fact vs. Fiction Natalie Antinoff..........................................................1411 Ocular Disease in the Exotic Companion Mammal: Seeing Beyond the Eyes Natalie Antinoff and Peter Fisher..............................1414 Secrets to Passing a Urinary Catheter in Almost Anything Natalie Antinoff..........................................................1419 Rabbit and Rodent Clinical Pathology: Where Do I Get Blood and What Does it Mean Natalie Antinoff..........................................................1420 Keys to Successful Rabbit Intubation Natalie Antinoff..........................................................1423 E. Cuniculi in Rabbits: Making Sense of Clinical Signs and Diagnostic Tests Carolyn Cray and Peter Fisher..................................1424 Protozoal Disese in the Exotic Companion Mammal Peter Fisher...............................................................1427 Exotic Companion Mammal Dental Disease: Standards of Care Peter Fisher and Christoph Mans.............................1431 Standards of Care: The Guinea Pig Peter Fisher...............................................................1435 Using Evidence-based Medicine to Help Direct Case Management in the ECM Peter Fisher...............................................................1439 Pododermatitis in the ECM: Management Tips Peter Fisher...............................................................1444

Rodent Respiratory Disease Complex Jennifer Graham.......................................................1447 Critical Care in the Rabbit Jennifer Graham.......................................................1450 Rabbit Thymoma vs. Lymphoma: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Options Jennifer Graham.......................................................1457 Rat Mammary Tumors: Surgery and Beyond Jennifer Graham.......................................................1460 Ferret Chordoma: Not Just a Tail Disease Jennifer Graham.......................................................1461 Food, Functions & Fecals: GI Anatomy, Physiology & Nutrition of Rabbits, Guinea Pigs, and Chinchillas Micah Kohles.............................................................1462 Food, Functions & Fecals: GI Anatomy, Physiology & Nutrition of Ferrets and Rodents Micah Kohles.............................................................1466 Adding Exotic Pet Medicine to Your Practice: Fun, Facts and Profits Micah Kohles.............................................................1471 Rabbit GI Flora: What’s Been Identified and Why it’s Important Micah Kohles.............................................................1474 Exotic Companion Mammal Nutrition: Tips and Suggestions: every Pet, Every Appointment Micah Kohles.............................................................1476 The Pet Chinchilla: Common Diseases Christoph Mans.........................................................1478 Infections of Rabbit & Rodent Skull: Teeth, Nose and Ears Christoph Mans.........................................................1480

REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS Snake Fungal Disease: What You Need to Know Matt Allender……………………………………..…….1483 Blood Tests in Reptiles: Selecting and Interpreting the Best Test for Your Cases Matt Allender and La’Toya Latney............................1486 Frog Prolapses: Management Options Made Simple Leigh Ann Clayton.....................................................1491 Amphibian Medicine: Practical Practice Ideas Leigh Ann Clayton.....................................................1493 Managing Dystocia in a Red-Footed Tortoise (Geochelone Carbonaria) Shannon Ferrell.........................................................1496

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Practical Reptile Virology for Private Practice: Yes, It Really can Be Practical Shannon Ferrell and Sam Rivera..............................1497 Case Management: Tips & Tricks Beyond a Few Injections Shannon Ferrell.........................................................1501 Endoscopy on the Cheap: Equipment Tips for the Budget Conscious Shannon Ferrell.........................................................1504 Avian and Reptile Protozoal Diseases: Important Diseases You Need to Know Shannon Ferrell and Brenna Fitzgerald....................1505 Picking Reptile Pets: Creating Win-Win Situations for Caregivers and Their Pets Eric Klaphake and Stacey Wilkinson.........................1508 UV Light in Reptiles: The Latest You Should Know Eric Klaphake............................................................1512 Thermal Imaging in Reptiles Eric Klaphake............................................................1515 Visual Physical Exam Mastery: Performing the Most Effective PE with the Least Distress to Your Patient and Owner La’Toya Latney..........................................................1516 Monitor Medicine & Surgery La’Toya Latney.........................................................1519 How to Get Reptile Owners in the Door and Coming Back La’Toya Latney..........................................................1523 Evaluating the Urinary System in Reptiles Douglas Mader..........................................................1526 22 Years of Saving the Honu (Sea Turtle) Douglas Mader..........................................................1529 Reptile Anesthesia and Analgesia: Tips and Ticks Christoph Mans.........................................................1531 Wound Management in Turtles: Advice From the Front Lines Terry Norton..............................................................1534 The Eastern Indigo Snake (Drymarchon Couperi): Natural History, Conservation, and Health Terry Norton..............................................................1536 Diamondback Terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) Jekyll Island Causeway Conservation Program Terry Norton..............................................................1537 Novel Medications for Reptiles: The Latest and Greatest Sam Rivera...............................................................1539

Reptile Radiography Tips and Tricks Sam Rivera...............................................................1542 Bearded Dragon Management and Disease: The Latest Updates Stacey Wilkinson......................................................1543 Dental Disease in Common Pet Reptiles Stacey Wilkinson.......................................................1546 Oral Mycobacteriosis Mangement in a Bearded Dragon (Pogona Vitticeps) Stacey Wilkinson and James Wellehan....................1548

WILDLIFE & CONSERVATION Updates on Research of Epidemiology of Reptile Diseases Matt Allender………..................................................1549 Acute Phase Proteins as Clinical and Research Tools in Wildlife Species Carolyn Cray.............................................................1552 Wildlife Disease Investigations: Process and Cases Heather Fenton and Michael Yabsley.......................1554 Global, Emergent Diseases of Significance to Wildlife Sonia Hernandez......................................................1558 How Research has Informed My Clinical Approach to Wildlife Medicine Terry Norton………...................................................1561 Parasities of Clinical Significance to Wildlife and Public Health Michael Yabsley........................................................1564

ZOOLOGICAL MEDICINE Lemur Pediatrics Made Easy Jenifer Chatfield........................................................1569 Cheetah Challenge: Health and Management of Fast Cats in a Large Breeding Center Holly Haefele.............................................................1571 Cutting Edge Clinician: Highlights From the 2015 AAZV Conference Eric Klaphake............................................................1576 Giant Panda Medicine Made Easy Sam Rivera...............................................................1577 How to Get a Gorilla to Help with It’s Health Care Sam Rivera...............................................................1579 Geriatric Large Carnivore Medicine Made Easy Ellen Wiedner............................................................1580

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Bactrian and Dromedary Camel Medicine Made Easy Ellen Wiedner............................................................1583

Protozoan Diseases of Zoo and Wildlife Species: Diseases You Need to Know Michael Yabsley........................................................1586