Connective tissue images.ppt

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CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Connective tissue is composed of cells

surrounded by an extensive extracellularmatrix. There are a number of different

types of connective tissues that areclassified by the orani!ation and

composition of the cellular componentsand the extracellular matrix. The follo"inslides demonstrate and describe these

connective tissues and their components.



#asic Connective Tissue Types

$ The basic connective tissue types include

loose connective tissue% dense irreular

connective tissue and dense reular

connective tissue. These are classifiedbased on the relative density and

orani!ation of the extracellular matrix

components. There are a number of celltypes that are resident to connective tissue.

These are described in subse&uent slides.



$ This sho"s a thin%

plastic section of looseconnective tissue fromthe oviduct stained"ith methylene blue'a!ure II. This type of

connective tissue isvery cellular and hasfe" collaen fibers.The lare elonatedcell (arro") is afibroblast "ith an ovalnucleus and mucheuchromatin.



$ This sho"s loose connectivetissue from the mammary

land stained "ithhematoxylin and eosin. Theloosely arraned collaenfibers (arro"s) areacidophilic and lihtly stainedin this picture. * mast cell"ith a round nucleus is seen(+C) "ith a considerableamount of heterochromatin.Eosinophilic secretoryranules fill the cytoplasm of

this cell.

+C



$ This sho"s loosefibrous connectivetissue similar to that

seen in the previousslide. *nother mastcell (+C) is locatednear the center of thefield. Thin% liht'stainin collaenfibers (arro"s) areseen in this picture.

+C



$ This sho"s a spread (not a tissuesection) of a thin piece of

mesentery illustratin a differentvie" of loose connective tissue.The lare% dar,'stainin cells aremast cells (+C) "hose ranulesobscure the nuclei. The larestoval nuclei belon to mesothelialcells (+e)% that form an epithelium

on either side of the connectivetissue. The smaller% oval nucleibelon to macrophaes (+a).These cells tend to haveassociated ranular material intheir cytoplasm. Other oval'

shaped nuclei seen here arethose of fibroblasts. +C

+a

+e



$ This sho"s atransmission electronmicroraph of a mast

cell illustratinnumerous densesecretory ranules inthe cytoplasm. Notealso the elonatednucleus (Nu) "ithabundantheterochromatin.

Nu



$ This sho"s anotherplastic section of looseconnective tissue stained"ith methylene blue'a!ure II. * number offibroblasts are seen (-i)"ith oval euchromaticnuclei. * monocyte (+o)is also seen "ith a dar,er%indented nucleus. *

binucleate neutrophil (N)and a macrophae (+a)"ith a small% liht'staininnucleus are also seen.

-i

+o

N



$ This sho"s t"o plasmacells (C) located in theloose connective tissue ofthe mammary land.

These cells have round%eccentric nuclei "ithslihtly basophiliccytoplasm (indicatin thepresence of /N). The

lare% pale nucleus is thatof a fibroblast "hile thedar,er nuclei are those offibrocytes.

C



$ This sho"s adipose

tissue stained "ith

hematoxylin and eosin.

The lipid in these fat cells

is dissolved out durinthe fixation and

embeddin process.

Only a thin rim of

cytoplasm and theflattened nuclei (arro"s)

are seen.



$ This sho"s adevelopin adiposecell (arro") stained

"ith hematoxylin andeosin. Note the rinof cytoplasm and therounded nucleussurroundin a lipiddroplet. *cidophiliccollaen fibers areseen around the cell.



$ This sho"s adipose

cells preserved so

that the lipid is

retained in the celland stained "ith

osmic acid% hence the

really dar,

appearance of thecells.



$ This sho"s loose

connective tissue (CT)

"ithin a mucosal fold in

the all bladder.

Numerous collaen fibersand abundant cells can

be seen in the connective

tissue. The cells cannot

be readily identified atthis manification. (0hat

type of epithelium is seen

here1)

CT



$ This sho"s a section ofthe spermatic cordillustratin dense irreularconnective tissue. Indense connective tissues%

the abundant collaenfibers form inter"ovenbands of tissue. Incontrast to looseconnective tissue% there

are relatively fe" cells(mainly fibrocytes). Onthe edes of the tissue isa simple s&uamousepithelium (Ep).

Ep



$ This sho"s denseirreular connectivetissue at hihermanification than in the

previous slide. Thebundles of bro"nishcollaen fibers can beseen coursin in differentdirections and different

planes. * fe" thinner%dar,er stainin elasticfibers can be seen in thissection (arro"s).



$ This sho"s dense elastic

tissue of the aorta at lo"

manification. The thin

elastic fibers (stained

blac,) in the "all of theaorta (arro"s) form layers

separated by spaces.

The collaen fibers are

stained bro"n in thissection.



$ This sho"s anotherexample of denseirreular connectivetissue from the urinary

bladder at lo"manification. Thisparticular section hasmore cells than theprevious example% but still

fe"er than the looseconnective tissue seenearlier. +ost of the nucleibelon to fibrocytes.



$ This sho"s another

picture of dense

irreular connective

tissue from theurinary bladder. Note

that the collaen

bundles in the top of

the field are moreorani!ed than those

at the bottom.



$ This sho"s a section of

the penis illustratin

dense reular connective

tissue stained "ith

hematoxylin and eosin.+ost of the collaen

fibers (pin, stainin) are

oriented parallel to each

other. The nuclei offibrocytes are present.



$ This sho"s dense reular

connective tissue (CT)

from a anlion. On the

left side of the field are

elonated nuclei ofnervous tissue (NT). The

remainder of the field is

occupied by dense

collaenous fibers "ithfe"% flattened nuclei of

fibrocytes.

NT CT



$ This sho"s a transmissionelectron microraph of a

macrophae. Thenucleus (Nu) iseccentrically located andis relativelyheterochromatic. Notethe lysosomes2residualbodies (/) in thecytoplasm as "ell asmitochondria% rouhendoplasmic reticulum. *lso% note the collaen

fibrils outside the cell (C).

Nu

C/



$ This sho"s atransmission electronmicroraph of alymphocyte. Notice thatthe nucleus (Nu)occupies a lare portionof the cell% is indentedand has a fair amount ofheterochromatin. Thecytoplasm has only a fe"

oranelles and theplasma membrane tendsto be irreular due tomovement of the cell.

Nu



C*/TI3*4E

$ Cartilae is a speciali!ed form of

connective tissue composed of cells called

chondrocytes and their surroundin

matrix. There are three types of cartilaethat are distinuished based on their

matrix characteristics.



$ This sho"s a lihtmicroraph of hyalinecartilae located in thetrachea. The pieces ofcartilae (5C) arebordered by densereular connective tissueof the perichondrium ().The cartilae cells orchondrocytes (arro"s)

are located in lacunae(these are difficult todiscern at thismanification).

5C



$ This sho"s a portion ofthe previous picture athiher manificationillustratin the

chondrocytes in lacunae(arro"s). The matrixsurroundin the cells iscomposed of collaenfibers (too small too be

seen here) and othercomponents includinlycosaminolycans suchas chondroitin sulfate.



$ This sho"s hyaline cartilae(5C) from the nasal cavity

illustratin chondrocytes intheir lacunae and the6lassy7 appearance of thesurroundin matrix (purplestainin here). Note the

orani!ation of the densereular connective tissue ofthe perichondrium () ascompared to the irreulardense connective tissue of

the surroundin connectivetissue (8).

8

5C



$ This sho"s a hihermanification of hyalinecartilae from thetrachea. The

chondrocytes on theriht side of the fieldare not as mature andfill their lacunae (arro")

"hile those of the lefthave more spacesurroundin the cell.




elastic cartilae stained"ith a Verhoeff stain.Identify the perichondrium() surroundin thecartilae. Note the

specifically stained elasticfibers (arro"s)characteristic of thiscartilae type. *lsonotice that thechondrocytes and their

lacunae et larer as theyproress from the ede ofthe cartilae to"ards itscenter.



$ This sho"s a hiher

manification vie" of

elastic cartilae. The

elastic fibers are moreclearly seen in this

picture as are the

chondrocytes and

their lacunae.



$ This sho"s elastic

cartilae of the epilottis

stained "ith a Trichrome

stain. Note that the

collaen of theperichondrium () is

stained reen9 ho"ever%

the collaen type II "ithin

the cartilae does notstain. The elastic fibers

are stained purple

(arro"s)



$ This sho"s a liht'stainedsection of fibrocartilae.The cartilae stainsacidophilic due to the

collaen fibers. Note thatthe chondrocytes andlacunae are small andoften have some reularpattern to their

orani!ation (in ro"s).There is noperichondrium associated"ith this cartilae type.




manification vie" of

fibrocartilae illustratin

the collaen fibers "ithin

the matrix surroundinthe chondrocytes. This

type of cartilae is often

found bet"een hyaline

cartilae and denseconnective tissue.



$ #one is a speciali!ed connective tissue

"ith a minerali!ed extracellular matrix.

#one enerally consists of three cell types

includin the osteoproenitor cells%osteoblasts (osteocytes "hen

differeniated) and osteoclasts. The

follo"in slides illustrate some of thefeatures of bony tissue.

#ONE



$ This sho"s a lo"manification vie" of theend of a lon bone.

*bove the epiphysealplate (E) is spony

bone. The outer portionof the shaft is compactbone (C#)% "hich is laiddo"n by appositionalro"th from the

periosteum. Thecompact bone surroundsthe spony bone andbone marro" of the shaft.

E

C#



$ This sho"s a cross'

section of developin

bone from a fetal finer.

The outermost layer is

the connective tissue ofthe periosteum ().

Small pieces of calcified

cartilae are seen (blue

stainin) as arehypertrophyin cartilae

(arro"s).

P

Tendon

Spony #one

:evelopin

Compact #one




manification of the

previous slide

illustratin developinbone.

Spony #one

Calcified Cartilae



$ This sho"s red blood

cells (/#C) in the

bone marro"

borderin pieces ofcalcified cartilae

(arro"s). The

calcified cartilae

(blue) is covered "ithosseous tissue (deep

pin, stainin).

/#C



$ This sho"s a

scannin electron

microraph of bone

surface. Note the5aversian Canals

(5C)% the concentric

lamellae surroundin

these and the lacunaeof the osteocytes

(arro"s).

5C



$ This sho"s a section

of decalcified bone.

The structural

features are similar tothat in the previous

slide illustratin the

5aversian system.

5aversian Canal

Osteocytes



$ This sho"s a

transmission electron

microraph of an

osteocyte surrounded

by its lacuna. The

processes extendin

from the cell body are

located in canaliculi

(arro"s). The matrix of

the bone surrounds the

canaliculi.




decalcified bone andassociated s,eletal muscle

(S+). The s,eletal muscle

is attached to the

connective tissue of the

periosteum (). The larespace is due to shrin,ae of

the periosteum durin

processin of the tissue.

Small 5aversian Canals

can be seen "ithin the bone

(arro"s).

P SM



$ This sho"s a section ofdecalcified bone

illustratin the connective

tissue of the perioosteum

(). Osteoblasts are

located alon the inner

ede of the periosteum

(arro"). These cells "ill

deposit and become

entrapped in bony matrix(appositional ro"th).

P

Compact #one



$ This sho"s another

section of decalcified

bone and associated

s,eletal muscle (S+).

Note that the osteoeniclayer of the periosteum is

&uite cellular (arro"s)

"ith basophilic

osteoblasts located at theperiphery of the bone.

SM



$ This sho"s bony tissue

(upper riht corner) and

the dense irreularconnective tissue of the

periosteum (). Note that

the indentation of the

periosteum into the bonecontains looser

connective tissue. 3inin

the periosteum are

basophilic'stained

osteoblasts (Ob)

P

Ob



$ This fiure sho"s

decalcified bone (#)

and dense

connective tissue of

an associated

tendon (T) attachinto the periosteum.

T

B



$ This sho"s

decalcified bone

illustratin a

resorption canalsurrounded by the

bony tissue.

Osteoclasts (arro"s)

can be seen lyinnext to the bony

tissue.



$ This illustrates bone

marro" (#+) ad;acentto inner circumferential

lamellae of bone. The

dar, irreular areas

(arro"s) are the oriinalcalcified cartilae

indicatin that this "as

formed by

endochondralossification. BM



$ This illustrates bone

marro" (#+) and the

osteoblasts (Ob)

linin bone. Theosteoblasts extend

into the beinnin of a

Vol,mann<s Canal

(VC)% "hich carriesblood vessels into the

5aversian system.

BM

Ob

VC



$ This schematic illustrates

the process of

intramembranous

ossification. +esenchymalcells form an elaborate

net"or, (=). These cells

then enlare and

differentiate into osteoblasts(>). The cells lay do"n an

intercellular matrix an form

bony spicules (?) covered by

osteoblasts.

1

2

3



$ This is a decalcified

section of the root of

a tooth and itsassociated alveolar

bone (#). The root

of the tooth is

covered by

cementum (C) and

collaen fibers

"hich anchor thetooth into the bony

tissue.

B

C



$ This sho"s a hih

voltae electron

microraph of a

relatively thic, plasticsection illustratin a

fibroblast (-i) "ith

bundles of collaen

fibers attachin to thecell surface (arro"s).

Fi



$ This sho"s another hih

voltae electronmicroraph of collaen

fibrils (arro"s) attachin

to a myocyte (+). The

very thin filaments arelycoproteins in the

extracellular matrix "hile

the dense lobular

material is proteolycan(blue arro"s).

M



$ This sho"s collaen

fibers attached to t"o

s,eletal muscle cells

(S+) and a capillary(C).

C

SM

SM



$ This sho"s a

scannin electron

microraph of a

fibroblast (-i) "ithin anet"or, of collaen

fibers.

Fi

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