Conservation Management Zones of Australia · 3 /Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South...

Conservation Management Zones of AustraliaSouth Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands

Prepared by the Department of the Environment

Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands

AcknowledgementsThis project and its associated products are the result of collaboration between the Department of the Environment’s Biodiversity Conservation Division and the Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN). Invaluable input, advice and support were provided by staff and leading researchers from across the Department of Environment (DotE), Department of Agriculture (DoA), the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and the academic community. We would particularly like to thank staff within the Wildlife, Heritage and Marine Division, Parks Australia and the Environment Assessment and Compliance Division of DotE; Nyree Stenekes and Robert Kancans (DoA), Sue McIntyre (CSIRO), Richard Hobbs (University of Western Australia), Michael Hutchinson (ANU); David Lindenmayer and Emma Burns (ANU); and Gilly Llewellyn, Martin Taylor and other staff from the World Wildlife Fund for their generosity and advice.

Special thanks to CSIRO researchers Kristen Williams and Simon Ferrier whose modelling of biodiversity patterns underpinned identification of the Conservation Management Zones of Australia.

Image CreditsFront Cover: Mount Chambers, Flinders Ranges, South Australia – Copyright Mark McLeodPage 4: Flinders Ranges, South Australia – Copyright SATC/Adam BuzzonePage 10: Ethel Beach, Innes National Park – Greg Snell, Copyright Tourism AustraliaPage 16: Ringneck Parrot (Barnardius zonarius), Wilpena Pound, South Australia – Copyright Maxime CoquardPage 19: Emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae), Innes National Park, Yorke Peninsula – Balambigai Balakrishnan, Copyright SATCPage 22: Yellow-footed Rock-wallaby (Petrogale xanthopus) – PeripitusPage 24: Flinders Ranges Worm-lizard (Aprasia pseudopulchella) – Matt ClancyPage 25: Pygmy Blue-tongue Lizard (Tiliqua adelaidensis) – Mark HutchinsonPage 27: Regent Parrot (Polytelis anthopeplus) – JJ HarrisonPage 29: Flock of Galahs (Eolophus roseicapilla), Flinders Ranges, South Australia – John Milbank, Copyright SATCPage 34: Sea Lion (Neophoca cinerea), Baird Bay, Eyre Peninsula of South Australia – Greg Snell, Copyright Tourism AustraliaPage 35: Ngarkat Conservation Park, South Australia – Ray Jones www.travelling-australia.infoPage 36: Mallee with tussock grass (Eucalyptus socialis) – Murray FaggPage 37: Saltbush Shrubland, Flinders Ranges – Murray FaggPage 38: Mallee with a dense shrubby understorey, Ngarkat Conservation Park – Murray FaggPage 39: Mallee with hummock grass (Eucalyptus dumosa) – Murray FaggPage 40: Casuarina and Allocasuarina open woodlands (Casuarina pauper), Flinders Ranges – Murray FaggPage 41: Mallee with an open shrubby understorey (Eucalyptus gracilis) – Murray FaggBack Cover: Mount Chambers, Flinders Ranges, South Australia – Copyright Mark McLeod

© Commonwealth of Australia, 2015.

The Conservation Management Zones of Australia profile is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use under a Creative Commons By Attribution 3.0 Australia licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by third parties, and any images depicting people.

For licence conditions see here.

www.travelling-australia.info

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/

Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands

Contents

Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country ��2

Introduction ��2

Zone at a glance ��3

Population characteristics ��6

Employment, volunteering and incomes ��9

Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice ��11

Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas �� 13

Zone vegetation characteristics�� 15

Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands��17

World and National Heritage �� 19

Major National Reserve System properties �� 20

EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities �� 21

EPBC Act (1999) threatened species �� 22

EPBC Act (1999) migratory species �� 28

Threatened endemic species �� 30

Invasive species �� 32

Vegetation profiles and management recommendations �� 35

2 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands

The Australian Government acknowledges Australia’s Traditional Owners and pays respect to Elders past and present of our nation’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities� We honour the deep spiritual, cultural and customary connections of Traditional Owners to the Australian landscape, including Australia’s waterways, land and sea country�

Introduction The 23 Conservation Management Zones of Australia are geographic areas, classified according to their ecological and threat characteristics. The zones are also aligned with the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia.

The Conservation Management Zones provide a way of understanding Australia’s natural environment that will assist in long-term conservation planning and help the Australian Government to better design, deliver and report on Natural Resource Management (NRM) investments, including ensuring alignment of national NRM priorities with local action.

The Conservation Management Zones also provide a filter through which to make national environmental and socio-economic data more accessible and comprehensible, and a framework for gathering on-ground knowledge and expertise about the environment. This will improve information flow to the Australian Government about regional NRM requirements, best practice management, emerging NRM issues and knowledge gaps.

The Conservation Management Zones do not represent any change to existing administrative boundaries or governance structures, but aim to support the NRM and wider community to cooperatively manage environmental assets across boundaries, where they share common threats, ecological characteristics and stakeholders.

Each Conservation Management Zone profile contains a standard suite of nationally available ecological and socio-economic information. We hope that this information will enable Australians of all ages and backgrounds to engage with, understand and appreciate Australian landscapes, and support all Australians to manage our natural resources more effectively.

The profile information provides an indicative, high-level stock-take of the environmental and socio-economic landscape and it is not intended to be comprehensive. It should also be noted that, at present, the profiles contain only limited information on aquatic ecosystems, coastal assets and Indigenous land management practices. In future, consultation and comprehensive literature reviews will enable us to provide more complete information.

Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country


Zone at a glance

Area of zone: 32,644,278 hectares

% of Australia:

4.24%2.05 people per square kilometre

Population density:

Zone population characteristics

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

646,592

Tota

l

Engl

ish a

s a

seco

nd

lang

uage

Indi

geno

us

Ove

r 65

Yout

h (1

5–24

)

Num

ber o

f peo

ple

Zone employment characteristics

95.3%

4.7%

UnemployedEmployed

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data


Major cities and towns Population

Berri 4,107 Kadina 4,461 Mildura 31,272 Murray Bridge 15,642 Port Lincoln 14,083 Port Pirie 13,850 Renmark 4,381

Other towns Population

Balaklava 1,828 Bamera 1,916 Bordertown 2,543 Ceduna 2,292 Clare 3,283 Kapunda 2,484 Loxton 3,783 Mannum 2,167 Merbein 1,926 Moonta 3,650 Red Cliffs 2,558 Wallaroo 3,158 Warracknabeal 2,338

Natural Resource Management (NRM) regions

Murray Local Land Services (LLS) NSW

Riverina LLS NSW

Western LLS NSW

Natural Resources (NR) Eyre Peninsula SA

NR Northern and Yorke SA

NR SA Arid Lands SA

NR SA Murray Darling SA

Mallee Catchment Management Authority (CMA) VIC

North Central CMA VICWimmera CMA VIC

Top five agricultural commodities Value (millions)

Cereals for grain $2,993

Fruit $1,088

Legumes for grain $402

Vegetables for consumption $390

Lamb $306Total value of agricultural commodities (including other commodities not listed here)

$6,485

Climate characteristics*

Mean annual temperature 16.5 Celsius

Mean Maximum of the Hottest Month 31.3 Celsius

Mean Minimum of the Coldest Month 4 Celsius

Mean Annual Rainfall 306.6 mm

Dominant rainfall season Winter

* The figures are interpolated 75-year means (1921 to 1995) representing the period prior to the onset of rapid climatic warming. Cited in: Williams KJ, Belbin L, Austin MP, Stein J, Ferrier S (2012) Which environmental variables should I use in my biodiversity model? International Journal of Geographic Information Sciences 26(11), 2009–2047. (Data derived from Australian Climate surfaces version 2.1 for the ANUCLIM-BIOCLIM package).

For future climate projections please refer to: http://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/


http://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/


Native Title area

8%

92%

Other areaNative Title area

National Reserve System area

14%

86%

Other areaNRS area

Native vegetation clearance level

67%

33%

Uncleared (ha)Cleared (ha)

Number of threatened species by class

96

33

15

84

Fish

BirdsPlants Mammals

Frogs

Reptiles

Insects Sharks

11

1

Status of EPBC Act listed threatened species, communities and migratory species

0.000000 15.833333 31.666667 47.500000 63.333333 79.166667 95.000000

90

58

66

2

Threatened ecologicalcommunities

Migratory species

Conservation dependent

Critically endangered species

Endangered species

Vulnerable species

11

12

Source: Based on data from the National Native Title Register; Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database (CAPAD); National Vegetation Information System (NVIS); Species’ Profile and Threats Database (SPRAT).


Population

Population by age group

18%

12%

34%

19%

65 years and over40–64 years

15–24 years0–14 years 25–39 years

17%

Indigenous population by age group

37%

19%

3%

22%

19%


15–24 years0–14 years 25–39 years

Farmer and farm managers by age group

21%

4%16%

59%


25–39 years15–24 years

Gender of farmers and farm managers

11,542

3,791

FemaleMale


Population characteristics



Languages spoken at home

English 79.45%

Other languages 16.16%

Not stated 4.27%

Non-English languages spoken at home*

Northern European (including Scandinavia, Celtic, Germanic, Dutch)Southern European

Eastern European

Central Asian, Turkic, Iranic and Semitic

Southern Asian, Dravidan and Indo-Ayran

South-East Asian

East Asian

Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander

African

Paci�c / Oceanic

Invented language

Sign language

30.75%

12.40%

6.99%

10.40%

3.67%

0.01%

* Please note, these �gures are based on the proportion of the population who indicated in the 2011 ABS Census that they spoke a language other than English at home.

20.10%

10.77%

0.25%

3.17%0.62%

0.87%

Indigenous languages spoken at home**

14.57%

78.45%

Northern Desert Fringe Area Languages

Arandic

Western Desert Language

Other (unspeci�ed) Australian Indigenous Languages

** Please note, these �gures are based on the proportion of the population who indicated in the 2011 ABS Census that they spoke an Indigenous language at home.

3.26%3.72%


Education

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%



Highest level of educational attainment – total population

Inad

equa

tely

des

crib

ed/N

ot st

ated

No

Educ

atio

nal A

ttai

nmen

t

Scho

ol Y

ears

10

or b

elow

Scho

ol Y

ears

11

and

12

Cert

i�ca

te L

evel

Bach

elor

Deg

ree/

Adva

nced

Dip

lom

a an

d D

iplo

ma

Post

grad

uate

Deg

ree/

Gra

duat

eD

iplo

ma

& G

radu

ate

Cert

i�ca

te

Highest level of educational attainment – Indigenous community

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

Inad

equa

tely

des

crib

ed/N

ot st

ated

No

Educ

atio

nal A

ttai

nmen

t

Scho

ol Y

ears

10

or b

elow

Scho

ol Y

ears

11

and

12

Cert

i�ca

te L

evel

Bach

elor

Deg

ree/

Adva

nced

Dip

lom

a an

d D

iplo

ma

Post

grad

uate

Deg

ree/

Gra

duat

eD

iplo

ma

& G

radu

ate

Cert

i�ca

te



0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%



Highest level of educational attainment – farmers and farm managers

Inad

equa

tely

des

crib

ed/N

ot st

ated

No

Educ

atio

nal A

ttai

nmen

t

Scho

ol Y

ears

10

or b

elow

Scho

ol Y

ears

11

and

12

Cert

i�ca

te L

evel

Bach

elor

Deg

ree/

Adva

nced

Dip

lom

a an

d D

iplo

ma

Post

grad

uate

Deg

ree/

Gra

duat

eD

iplo

ma

& G

radu

ate

Cert

i�ca

te

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

Post-school quali�cation types*

15–2

4 ye

ars o

ld

25–3

9 ye

ars o

ld

40–6

4 ye

ars o

ld

65 y

ears

an

d ab

ove

Natural and Physical Sciences

Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies

Health and education

Architecture, building, society and culture and creative arts

Information Technology, Management and Commerce and service industries

* Please note, this table omits quali�cations of mixed �eld, quali�cations that are not adequately described, and information relating to census respondents who have not stated their quali�cation or are not applicable (i.e. Not of age to have post-school quali�cation).



Employment

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Employment status of general population*

65 y

ears

and

abov

e

15–2

4 ye

ars o

ld

40–6

4 ye

ars o

ld

25–3

9 ye

ars o

ld

Employed

Unemployed

Not in labour force or not stated

* Please note the % �gures are relative to each of the age groupings of the population. The categories above are aggregates of the following Australian Bureau of Statistics categories: Employed = Employed full-time; Employed part-time; and Employed away from work. Unemployed = Unemployed looking for full-time work; and Unemployed looking for part-time work. Not in the Labour Force or Not Stated = Not in the Labour Force; and Not Stated. Please note the ‘not applicable’ category has been omitted from the analysis. Not applicable applies to the proportion of the population that is not of working age (e.g. 0–15 year olds and retired). ABS 2011 Census Labour Force data has been utilised for this report, as the national quarterly employment �gures are derived from a relatively small sample of the population.

Employment by industry

Agriculture, forestry and sheries

Mining

Manufacturing

Utilities, construction and transport

Health, Social Assistance, Education and training

Public administration and safety

Wholesale and retail trade

Services

Food, accommodation, arts and recreation

Unknown/not stated

8%

20%

13%

6%

15%

16%

8%

11%1%

2%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Employment status of Indigenous population*

Indi

geno

us65

yea

rsan

d ab

ove

Indi

geno

us15

–24

year

s old

Indi

geno

us40

–64

year

s old

Indi

geno

us25

–39

year

s old

Employed

Unemployed



Employment, volunteering and incomes

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Employment status of general population*

65 y

ears

and

abov

e

15–2

4 ye

ars o

ld

40–6

4 ye

ars o

ld

25–3

9 ye

ars o

ld

Employed

Unemployed


* Please note the % �gures are relative to each of the age groupings of the population. The categories above are aggregates of the following Australian Bureau of Statistics categories: Employed = Employed full-time; Employed part-time; and Employed away from work. Unemployed = Unemployed looking for full-time work; and Unemployed looking for part-time work. Not in the Labour Force or Not Stated = Not in the Labour Force; and Not Stated. Please note the ‘not applicable’ category has been omitted from the analysis. Not applicable applies to the proportion of the population that is not of working age (e.g. 0–15 year olds and retired). ABS 2011 Census Labour Force data has been utilised for this report, as the national quarterly employment �gures are derived from a relatively small sample of the population.


Volunteering

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Volunteering rates

15–2

4 ye

ars o

ld

25–3

9 ye

ars o

ld

40–6

4 ye

ars o

ld

65 y

ears

an

d ab

ove

Not a volunteer

Volunteer

Not stated or not applicable

Income

Total household income (% of households)*

26.6%

50%

9.8%

2.9%

10.5%

Over $104,000

Under $20,800

Not Stated/Partially Stated

$20,800–64,999 $65,000–$103,999

* Please note these �gures have been derived from the ABS Equivalised Total Household Income (HIED)Census 2011 data. ABS data categories have been aggregated for the purposes of this report. For more information see: http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/censushome.nsf/home/statementsdwellinghied?opendocument&navpos=430

In the 2011–12 �nancial year, persons who earned $67,500 or less were eligible for Low Income Tax O�set. Human Services applied the following de�nitions of “low income” as eligibility criteria for the Low Income Supplement in the 2012–13 �nancial year: Income below $30,000 for singles, $45,000 combined for couples, or $60,000 combined for couples or singles with a dependent child.



Agricultural commodity values

Value of agricultural commodities^

$0

$500

$1,000

$1,500

$2,000

$2,500

$3,000

Oth

er b

road

acre

cro

ps

Nut

s

Frui

t

Oils

eeds

Legu

me

for g

rain

Hay

Cere

als f

or g

rain

Eggs

Woo

l

Beef

Lam

b

Pork

Dai

ry

Vege

tabl

es fo

r see

d

Vege

tabl

es fo

r con

sum

ptio

n

Nur

serie

s and

cut

�ow

ers

Mill

ions

^ Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics Value of Agricultural Commodities Produced. The value estimates in this publication are derived by the multiplication of price and quantity estimates of agricultural commodities. Price information is estimated based on the average unit value of a given commodity realised in the market place. For more information please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/Lookup/7503.0Explanatory%20Notes12010-11?OpenDocument

Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM adviceAustralian farmers manage over 60% of the Australian continent and shoulder much of the burden of responsibility for maintaining and protecting Australia’s natural resource wealth. The information contained in this profile aims to assist the wider community, non-governmental organisations and government agencies to support Australia’s key environmental custodians.

Number of people employed in agriculture, �shing, forestry and downstream industries

20,290

11,441

1,378

79

83Forestry industry, including

production, logging, sawmillingand downstream wood and

paper product manufacturing

Fishing industry, includingproduction and downstream

seafood processingand wholesaling

Agriculture downstreamindustries, including services,

food and beverage

Agriculture industries(production)

1,708



Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Feral animal control*(% of agricultural holdings)

No

man

agem

ent

of fe

ral a

nim

als

Oth

er (u

nspe

ci�e

d)fe

ral a

nim

al c

ontr

ol

Fera

l goa

ts

Fera

l cam

els

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

3.0%

3.5%

4.0%

4.5%

Native vegetation protection and regeneration*(% of agricultural holdings)

Oth

er

Stop

ping

mec

hani

cal

or c

hem

ical

des

truc

tion

Redu

cing

gra

zing

pre

ssur

e

Man

agin

g w

eeds

Fenc

ing

o�/e

xclu

ding

stoc

k

Sought advice when adopting native vegetation management**

55.29%

44.71%

NoYes

Sources of advice**^

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Priv

ate

cons

ulta

nt o

rag

ribus

ines

s age

nt

CMA/

NRM

regi

onem

ploy

ed fa

cilit

ator

Rese

arch

and

Dev

elop

men

t Cor

pora

tion

Gov

ernm

ent

exte

nsio

n o�

cer

Peer

s or n

eigh

bour

s

Farm

er g

roup

Land

care

or f

arm

erpr

oduc

tion

grou

p

** The sample for the Drivers of Practice Change 2012 survey consisted of a random subsample of 1228 broadacre farm managers from the Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey (AAGIS) frame. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units. For this reason, the figures presented here are indicative only.

^ This chart indicates the sources of advice utilised for native vegetation management from respondents who identified they sought advice.

For more information please refer to http://www.daff.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/forestry/domestic-forestry/prep-for-future/drivers-practice-change.pdf

* Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2012 Land Management Practices Survey (LaMPS) 2012. LaMPS collected land practices information from approximately 50,000 farm businesses across Australia. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units and Australian Agricultural Environment units. The % figures presented here are indicative only. For more information on LaMPS please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/mf/4630.0

http://www.daff.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/forestry/domestic-forestry/prep-for-future/drivers-practice-change.pdf

http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/mf/4630.0


Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas

Land tenure

Crown Land – Private – Leased

Crown Land – Public

Crown Land – Public – Leased

Crown Land – Unknown – Leased

Freehold – Unknown

No Data/Unknown

23.54%

0.001%

12.97%20.43%

38.83%4.23%

Land use

Grazing Native Vegetation

Cropping and Horticulture

Conservation and Natural Environments

Grazing Modi�ed Pastures

Industry, Residential, Services and Mining

Other

24%

18%

2%2%

43%

11%

Source: Land tenure data based on Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN) categorisation of Public Sector Mapping Authority (PSMA) State Tenure 2012; Land use mapping based on Australian Collaborative Land Use and Management Program (ACLUMP) 2012. For more information on Australian land use and management information and classification please refer to: http://www.daff.gov.au/ABARES/aclump/Pages/Default.aspx

Indigenous Land Councils

New South Wales Aboriginal Land Council: www.alc.org.au

Barengi Gadjin Land Council: www.bglc.org.au

Native Title Services Victoria: http://www.ntsv.com.au

South Australian Native Title Services: http://www.nativetitlesa.org

http://www.daff.gov.au/ABARES/aclump/Pages/Default.aspx

www.alc.org.au

www.bglc.org.au

http://www.ntsv.com.au

http://www.nativetitlesa.org


Native Title and Traditional Owners

Traditional Owners Registered Native Title Body Corporate Hectares % of zone

Adnyamathanha People Adnyamathanha Traditional Lands Association (Aboriginal Corporation) RNTBC

1,701,575 5.21

Wotjobaluk People Barengi Gadjin Land Council Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC

723,708 2.22


36,638 0.11

First peoples of the River Murray & Mallee Region

The River Murray and Mallee Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC

35,926 0.11


33,800 0.10

Gawler Ranges People Gawler Ranges Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC 6,433 0.02

Source: The Native Title Tribunal Register, October 2013. For more information please refer to: http://www.nntt.gov.au/Pages/Searchportal.aspx

Local Government Areas

Balranald Shire Council NSWBourke Shire Council NSWCarrathool Shire Council NSWCentral Darling Shire Council NSWCobar Shire Council NSWLachlan Shire Council NSWThe Council Of The Shire Of Wakool NSWUnincorporated Far West NSWWentworth Shire Council NSWAlexandrina Council SACity Of Port Lincoln SAClare And Gilbert Valleys Council SACoorong Dc SADc Of The Copper Coast SALight Regional Council SAMid Murray Council SANorthern Areas Council SAPort Augusta City Council SAPort Pirie Regional Council SARenmark Paringa Council SASouthern Mallee Dc SATatiara Dc SAThe Barossa Council SAThe Berri Barmera Council SAThe Dc Of Barunga West SAThe Dc Of Ceduna SAThe Dc Of Cleve SAThe Dc Of Elliston SA

Local Government Areas

The Dc Of Franklin Harbour SAThe Dc Of Karoonda East Murray SAThe Dc Of Kimba SAThe Dc Of Lower Eyre Peninsula SAThe Dc Of Loxton Waikerie SAThe Dc Of Mallala SAThe Dc Of Mount Remarkable SAThe Dc Of Orroroo Carrieton SAThe Dc Of Peterborough SAThe Dc Of Streaky Bay SAThe Dc Of Tumby Bay SAThe Dc Of Yorke Peninsula SAThe Flinders Ranges Council SAThe Regional Council Of Goyder SAThe Rural City Of Murray Bridge SAUia Riverland SAWakefield Regional Council SAWudinna District Council SABuloke Shire VICCampaspe Shire VICGannawarra Shire VICHindmarsh Shire VICLoddon Shire VICMildura Rural City VICSwan Hill Rural City VICWest Wimmera Shire VICYarriambiack Shire VIC

http://www.nntt.gov.au


Zone vegetation characteristics

The National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) framework is a nationally consistent vegetation classification system based on vegetation data collected by states and territories. It provides information on the extent and distribution of vegetation types across the Australian landscape.

Two products are used to provide the Zone Vegetation Characteristics graph. A modelled pre-European vegetation distribution (pre-1750), and extant (current extent) vegetation, which is based on contemporary vegetation mapping. The information presented here relates to Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVSs). There are 85 MVS types across Australia, describing the structure and floristic composition of dominant and secondary vegetation stratums (e.g. canopy and mid-storey species). Major Vegetation Subgroups only reflect the dominant vegetation type occurring in an area from a mix of vegetation types. Less-dominant vegetation groups which may also be present are therefore not represented.

It is important to note that the vegetation information is indicative only, as state and territory mapping in Australia is of variable resolution and scale. However, this data is the best available nationally consistent information on vegetation, and the dataset continues to evolve and increase in accuracy.

Analysing this information at Conservation Management Zone, rather than national level provides greater discrimination for decision makers, as clearance levels of vegetation types are not uniform across Australia. For example, eucalypt woodlands with a tussock grass understory is a vegetation type found across Australia. In the Brigalow Woodlands Conservation Management Zone, eucalypt open woodlands with a tussock grass understory originally covered approximately 36% of the zone, but today it only covers only 14.5 % of the zone (58.7% of this vegetation community has been cleared in the Brigalow). In the Northern Australia Tropical Savannah zone, this vegetation type originally occupied 19.6% of the zone. Today, it occupies approximately 19.4% of the zone (only 2.3% of this vegetation type has been cleared). It should be noted that this data only provides an indication of change in extent, and not vegetation condition.

For more information on the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/science-and-research/databases-and-maps/national-vegetation-information-system

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/science-and-research/databases-and-maps/national-vegetation-information-system


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Nationally Important Wetlands Jurisdiction Hectares Criteria

Darling Anabranch Lakes NSW 42,498 1, 2, 5

Tod River Wetland System SA 39,209 1, 2, 3

Upper Spencer Gulf SA 36,568 1, 3, 5, 6

Riverland Wetland Complex SA 34,447 1, 2, 3, 4, 6

Menindee Lakes NSW 29,110 4, 5, 1, 3

Wimmera River VIC 24,773 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Lake Tyrrell VIC 17,477 1, 2

Clinton SA 16,993 1, 3

Lindsay Island VIC 15,799 1, 2, 3

Lake Hindmarsh VIC 14,787 1, 2, 3, 6

Talyawalka Anabranch & Teryawynia Creek NSW 11,435 1, 4

Wallpolla Island VIC 9,708 1, 2, 3

Lake Albacutya VIC 5,982 1, 2, 3, 4

Streaky Bay SA 4,041 3, 5

Bunguluke Wetlands, Tyrrell Creek & Lalbert Creek Floodplain VIC 3,965 1, 2

Franklin Harbour SA 3,830 1, 3, 6

Port Gawler & Buckland Park Lake SA 3,629 1, 3, 5, 6

Lake Newland SA 3,528 1, 3, 5

Barker Inlet & St Kilda SA 3,483 1, 2, 3, 5, 6

Davenport Creek SA 2,412 1, 3, 5, 6

Coffin Bay Coastal Wetland System SA 2,173 3, 5, 6

Lake Hamilton SA 1,956 1

Noora Evaporation Lakes SA 1,626 3

Wills Creek SA 1,529 1, 3

Banrock Swamp Wetland Complex SA 1,375 1, 2, 3

Tumby Bay SA 1,075 1, 3

For more information on Ramsar please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/water/water-our-environment/wetlands/ramsar-convention-wetlands

Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands

Ramsar wetlands Jurisdiction Hectares

Riverland SA 30,664 Lake Albacutya VIC 5,659 Banrock Station Wetland Complex SA 1,375

The Coorong, and Lakes Alexandrina and Albert Wetland SA 311

Kerang Wetlands – The Marshes VIC 16

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/water/water-our-environment/wetlands/ramsar-convention-wetlands

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/water/water-our-environment/wetlands/ramsar-convention-wetlands


Nationally Important Wetlands Jurisdiction Hectares Criteria

Pike-Mundic Wetland Complex SA 949 1, 3, 6

Lake Wallawalla VIC 822 1, 3

Gurra Lakes Wetland Complex SA 807 3

Lowbidgee Floodplain NSW 806 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Baird Bay SA 737 3

Sleaford Mere SA 700 1, 3

Lake Lalbert VIC 686 1, 2, 6

Raak Plain VIC 658 1, 5

Loveday Swamps SA 529 1, 2, 3, 6

Loch Luna Wetland Complex SA 488 1, 2, 3, 6

Wargan Basins (Meridian Lakes) VIC 396 1, 2, 3

Point Labatt SA 393 3, 5

Stockyard Plain SA 387 3, 5

Cardross Lakes VIC 293 1, 3, 5

Spectacle Lakes SA 285 1, 2, 3

The Coorong, Lake Alexandrina & Lake Albert SA 265 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Pink Lakes VIC 256 1, 6

Lake Ranfurly VIC 219 3, 4

Lower Murray Swamps SA 187 1, 2, 3

Innes Salt Lakes SA 166 1

Swan Reach Wetland Complex SA 151 1, 2, 3

Big Swamp SA 142 1, 3

Native Hen Lagoon SA 117 1

Point Davenport SA 116 1, 3, 5

Lake Cowal/Wilbertroy Wetlands NSW 105 1, 2, 3

Pink Lake (Lochiel) VIC 80 1,

Irwin Flat SA 57 1, 3

Poocher & Mundulla Swamps SA 53 2, 6

Pillie Lake SA 37 1

Gum Flat SA 22 1

Murray Bridge Army Training Area Wetlands SA 20 3, 5

Marne River Mouth SA 19 1, 2, 3

Heywoods Lake VIC 15 6

Lake Bael Bael VIC 6 1, 2, 3

Nationally important wetlands are defined according to the following criteria:1. It is a good example of a wetland type occurring within a biogeographic region in Australia.2. It is a wetland which plays an important ecological or hydrological role in the natural functioning of a major wetland system/complex.3. It is a wetland which is important as the habitat for animal taxa at a vulnerable stage in their life cycles, or provides a refuge when

adverse conditions such as drought prevail.4. The wetland supports 1% or more of the national populations of any native plant or animal taxa.5. The wetland supports native plant or animal taxa or communities which are considered endangered or vulnerable at the national level.6. The wetland is of outstanding historical or cultural significance.Please note, the above are a subset of all the Nationally Important Wetlands found within the Zone. For more information on Nationally Important Wetlands please see: http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/directory-important-wetlands-australia-third-edition

http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/directory-important-wetlands-australia-third-edition


Please refer to the Australian Heritage Database for detailed information on listing criteria for these heritage values: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-heritage-database

For more information on Australia’s world and national heritage please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/about-australias-heritage

World and National Heritage

Heritage values World or National Heritage type Jurisdiction Hectares % of zone

Willandra Lakes Region World and National Heritage Natural, Cultural NSW 239,184 0.73

Ediacara Fossil Site National Natural SA 169,061 0.52The Adelaide Park Lands and City Layout National Historic SA 200 0.00

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-heritage-database

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/about-australias-heritage


Major National Reserve System properties

Major National Reserve System properties

Name Property type IUCN category Jurisdiction Hectares % of zone

Murray – Sunset National Park II VIC 665,530 2.04Wyperfeld National Park II VIC 360,254 1.10Ngarkat Conservation Park IA SA 239,836 0.73Danggali Wilderness Protection Area IB SA 203,700 0.62Big Desert Wilderness Park IB VIC 140,997 0.43

Sunset Wilderness Zone – Schedule 5, National Parks Act IB VIC 127,914 0.39

Pinkawillinie Conservation Park VI SA 123,766 0.38Mungo National Park II NSW 122,709 0.38Yathong Nature Reserve IA NSW 108,393 0.33Vulkathunha – Gammon Ranges National Park II SA 106,898 0.33

Taylorville Station National Reserve System Program IV SA 94,146 0.29

Flinders Ranges National Park II SA 93,839 0.29Chowilla Regional Reserve VI SA 75,523 0.23Nombinnie Nature Reserve IA NSW 71,041 0.22Hincks Wilderness Protection Area IB SA 66,913 0.20

Scotia Sanctuary National Reserve System Program IV NSW 64,695 0.20

Billiatt Wilderness Protection Area IB SA 59,255 0.18Nantawarrina Indigenous Protected Area III SA 58,348 0.18Mallee Cliffs National Park IA NSW 58,118 0.18Unnamed (No.HA1196) Heritage Agreement III SA 54,331 0.17Danggali Conservation Park IA SA 48,626 0.15

The IUCN categories are as follows:

Ia Strict Nature Reserve IUCN protected area management categories classify protected areas according to their management objectives. The categories are recognised by international bodies such as the United Nations and are utilised by many national governments, including the Australian Government, as the global standard for defining and recording protected areas.

Ib Wilderness Area

II National Park

III Natural Monument or Feature

IV Habitat/Species Management Area

V Protected Landscape/ Seascape

VI Protected area with sustainable use of natural resources

Please refer to the IUCN website for further explanation: http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/

For more information on Australia’s National Reserve System please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/land/national-reserve-system

Source: Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database 2012.

http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/land/national-reserve-system


EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communitiesThreatened ecological communities

Name Listing status % of total distribution* % of zone**Eyre Peninsula Blue Gum (Eucalyptus petiolaris) Woodland Endangered 100 0.009

Iron-grass Natural Temperate Grassland of South Australia

Critically Endangered 98.19 0.421

Peppermint Box (Eucalyptus odorata) Grassy Woodland of South Australia


Buloke Woodlands of the Riverina and Murray-Darling Depression Bioregions Endangered 76.01 0.048

Swamps of the Fleurieu Peninsula Critically Endangered 6.79 0.0003

Natural Grasslands of the Murray Valley Plains Critically Endangered 4.31 0.031

Grey Box (Eucalyptus microcarpa) Grassy Woodlands and Derived Native Grasslands of South-eastern Australia

Endangered 1.06 0.056

Seasonal Herbaceous Wetlands (Freshwater) of the Temperate Lowland Plains


The community of native species dependent on natural discharge of groundwater from the Great Artesian Basin

Endangered 0.4 0.014

White Box-Yellow Box-Blakely’s Red Gum Grassy Woodland and Derived Native Grassland


* % of the total national distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the Threatened Ecological Community that is found within the zone.

** % of the total zone area describes the proportion of the zone that the Threatened Ecological Community is likely or known to occur in.

It should be noted that the identification of any given Threatened Ecological Community above does not imply that the Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. Rather, the % of the TEC’s total distribution (*) within the zone is an indication of its importance to that zone in terms of conservation efforts. The % of the zone (**) indicates how rare, or difficult the ecological community may be to find within the zone.

The threatened ecological communities above are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), which is the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation. For more information, please refer to http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities

http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities


EPBC Act (1999) threatened species

Threatened mammals

Common name Scientific name Status % of total distribution*

% of zone**

Southern Brown Bandicoot (Nuyts Archipelago) Isoodon obesulus nauticus Vulnerable 99.84 0.0035Yellow-footed Rock-wallaby (SA and NSW) Petrogale xanthopus xanthopus Vulnerable 67.87 5.2393Wopilkara, Greater Stick-nest Rat Leporillus conditor Vulnerable 35.69 0.0144Sandhill Dunnart Sminthopsis psammophila Endangered 15.58 4.8284Dusky Hopping-mouse, Wilkiniti Notomys fuscus Vulnerable 5.03 0.0074Woylie Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi Endangered 2.21 0.0503Koala (combined populations of Queensland, New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory)

Phascolarctos cinereus (combined populations of Qld, NSW and the ACT) Vulnerable 0.07 0.0885

Greater Bilby Macrotis lagotis Vulnerable 0.04 0.2242

South-eastern Long-eared Bat Nyctophilus corbeni Vulnerable May be present

May be present

Plains Rat, Palyoora Pseudomys australis Vulnerable May be present

May be present

Southern Brown Bandicoot (Eastern) Isoodon obesulus obesulus Endangered May be present

May be present

Australian Sea-lion Neophoca cinerea Vulnerable n/a n/aBlue Whale Balaenoptera musculus Endangered n/a n/aHumpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae Vulnerable n/a n/aSouthern Right Whale Eubalaena australis Endangered n/a n/a


* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species that is found within the zone.

** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in.

The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.

Threatened birds


% of zone**

Southern Emu-wren (Eyre Peninsula) Stipiturus malachurus parimeda Vulnerable 99.99 1.03

Black-eared Miner Manorina melanotis Endangered 99.96 5.56

Red-lored Whistler Pachycephala rufogularis Vulnerable 98.8 8.27

Mallee Emu-wren Stipiturus mallee Endangered 98.47 4.27

Regent Parrot (eastern) Polytelis anthopeplus monarchoides Vulnerable 96.46 24.03

Western Whipbird (eastern) Psophodes nigrogularis leucogaster Vulnerable 78.58 5.16

Malleefowl Leipoa ocellata Vulnerable 27.89 77.14

Australian Fairy Tern Sternula nereis nereis Vulnerable 15.93 2.81

Thick-billed Grasswren Amytornis modestus Vulnerable 12.48 8.45

Plains-wanderer Pedionomus torquatus Vulnerable 9.91 2.16

Slender-billed Thornbill (western) Acanthiza iredalei iredalei Vulnerable 7.98 13.49

Australian Painted Snipe Rostratula australis Endangered 4 2.39

Australasian Bittern Botaurus poiciloptilus Endangered 3.38 3.84Southern Emu-wren (Fleurieu Peninsula), Mount Lofty Southern Emu-wren

Stipiturus malachurus intermedius Endangered 1.39 0.00

Spotted Quail-thrush (Mt Lofty Ranges) Cinclosoma punctatum anachoreta


Swift Parrot Lathamus discolor Endangered 0.94 0.52

Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo (south-eastern) Calyptorhynchus banksii graptogyne Endangered 0.37 0.02

Orange-bellied Parrot Neophema chrysogasterCritically Endangered 0.29 0.06

Superb Parrot Polytelis swainsonii Vulnerable 0.07 0.03

Regent Honeyeater Anthochaera phrygia Endangered May be present

May be present

Southern Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophora epomophora Vulnerable 0.01 0.12

Northern Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophora sanfordi Endangered 0.01 0.12

Shy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross Thalassarche cauta cauta Vulnerable 0.01 0.12

White-capped Albatross Thalassarche cauta steadi Vulnerable 0.01 0.12

Tristan Albatross Diomedea exulans exulans Endangered n/a n/a

Soft-plumaged Petrel Pterodroma mollis Vulnerable n/a n/a

Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans (sensu lato) Vulnerable n/a n/a

Blue Petrel Halobaena caerulea Vulnerable n/a n/a

Southern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteus Endangered n/a n/a

Campbell Albatross Thalassarche melanophris impavida Vulnerable n/a n/a

Northern Giant-Petrel Macronectes halli Vulnerable n/a n/a

Antipodean Albatross Diomedea exulans antipodensis Vulnerable n/a n/a

Black-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophris Vulnerable n/a n/a


Threatened reptiles

Common Name Scientific name Status % of total distribution*

% of zone**

Krefft’s Tiger Snake (Flinders Ranges) Notechis scutatus ater Vulnerable 100 0.21Pygmy Blue-tongue Lizard, Adelaide Blue-tongue Lizard Tiliqua adelaidensis Endangered 98.71 0.79

Flinders Ranges Worm-lizard Aprasia pseudopulchella Vulnerable 96.72 5.48

Striped Legless Lizard Delma impar Vulnerable 0.62 0.12Pink-tailed Worm-lizard, Pink-tailed Legless Lizard Aprasia parapulchella Vulnerable 0.03 0.004

Green Turtle Chelonia mydas Vulnerable 0.01 0.16

Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta Endangered 0.01 0.16

Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth Dermochelys coriacea Endangered 0.01 0.16


Other threatened fauna


% of zone**

Flinders Ranges Mogurnda, Flinders Ranges Purple-spotted Gudgeon Mogurnda clivicola Vulnerable 100 0.06

Murray Hardyhead Craterocephalus fluviatilis Endangered 64 2.31Growling Grass Frog, Southern Bell Frog, Green and Golden Frog, Warty Swamp Frog

Litoria raniformis Vulnerable 8.58 5.72

Golden Sun Moth Synemon plana Critically Endangered 5.41 0.02

Macquarie Perch Macquaria australasica Endangered May be present

May be present

Murray Cod Maccullochella peelii Vulnerable May be present

May be present

Great White Shark Carcharodon carcharias Vulnerable n/a n/aSchool Shark, Eastern School Shark, Snapper Shark, Tope, Soupfin Shark Galeorhinus galeus Conservation

Dependent n/a n/a

Southern Bluefin Tuna Thunnus maccoyii Conservation Dependent n/a n/a


Threatened flora


% of zone**

Halbury Greenhood Pterostylis sp. Halbury (R.Bates 8425) Endangered 100 0.38

Prickly Raspwort Haloragis eyreana Endangered 100 0.07

Spiny Everlasting, Spiny Daisy Acanthocladium dockeri Critically Endangered 100 0.08

Spalding Blown Grass, Spalding Blowngrass Lachnagrostis limitanea Endangered 100 0.04

Spiller’s Wattle Acacia spilleriana Endangered 100 0.10

Goldsack’s Leek-orchid Prasophyllum goldsackii Endangered 100 0.03

Tufted Bush-pea Pultenaea trichophylla Endangered 100 0.35

Ghost Spider-orchid Caladenia intuta Critically Endangered 100 0.01

Chalky Wattle Acacia cretacea Endangered 100 0.01

Silver Candles Pleuropappus phyllocalymmeus Vulnerable 99.95 0.16

Annual Stackhousia, Annual Candles Stackhousia annua Vulnerable 99.94 0.35

Woolcock’s Spider-orchid Caladenia woolcockiorum Vulnerable 99.93 0.09West Coast Mintbush, Limestone Mintbush, Red Mintbush Prostanthera calycina Vulnerable 99.91 0.98

White Rabbits, Flinders Ranges White Caladenia Caladenia xantholeuca Endangered 99.87 0.08

Winter Spider-orchid Caladenia brumalis Vulnerable 99.86 0.94

Spidery Wattle, Balcanoona Wattle Acacia araneosa Vulnerable 99.18 0.15

Fat-leaved Wattle Acacia pinguifolia Endangered 97.31 0.74

Sturdy Leek-orchid Prasophyllum validum Vulnerable 95.9 0.14

Peep Hill Hop-bush Dodonaea subglandulifera Endangered 95.81 0.57

Lowan Phebalium Phebalium lowanense Vulnerable 95.8 1.43

Nodding Rufoushood Pterostylis sp. Eyre Peninsula (R.Bates 19474) Vulnerable 94.35 0.31

Superb Groundsel Senecio megaglossus Vulnerable 92.73 0.73

Neat Wattle, Resin Wattle (SA) Acacia rhetinocarpa Vulnerable 87.08 1.14

Jumping-jack Wattle Acacia enterocarpa Endangered 86.99 2.27

Hale Dwarf Greenhood Pterostylis sp. Hale (R.Bates 21725) Endangered 85.83 0.27

Menzel’s Wattle Acacia menzelii Vulnerable 85.31 2.51

Whibley Wattle Acacia whibleyana Endangered 80.22 0.03

Yellow Swainson-pea Swainsona pyrophila Vulnerable 80.18 23.08Bayonet Spider-orchid, Clubbed Spider-orchid Caladenia gladiolata Endangered 79.32 0.32

None Frankenia plicata Endangered 76.54 5.07

Slender Bell-fruit, Camel Poison Codonocarpus pyramidalis Vulnerable 76.2 12.75

None Atriplex infrequens Vulnerable 74.91 0.02


Threatened flora


% of zone**

Hairy-pod Wattle Acacia glandulicarpa Vulnerable 69.59 1.64

Silver Daisy-bush Olearia pannosa subsp. pannosa Vulnerable 67.36 3.05

Greencomb Spider-orchid, Rigid Spider-orchid Caladenia tensa Endangered 66.12 21.49

Menindee Nightshade Solanum karsense Vulnerable 65.69 6.51

Pale Leek-orchid Prasophyllum pallidum Vulnerable 64.9 2.32

Moore’s Burr-daisy Calotis moorei Endangered 60.07 0.02

Bead Glasswort Tecticornia flabelliformis Vulnerable 54.95 0.17

Wimmera Spider-orchid Caladenia lowanensis Endangered 52.48 0.02

Coast Spider-orchid Caladenia conferta Endangered 50.63 0.01

* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species that is found within the zone.

** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in. The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.

The above species are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation.

Please note that the list of threatened flora species is not comprehensive. The flora listed here have a significant proportion of their total national distribution within the zone. For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species or the Species Profiles and Threats Database http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl

http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species

http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl


EPBC Act (1999) migratory species

Migratory birds

Common name Scientific nameAntipodean Albatross Diomedea antipodensisBar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponicaBlack-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophrisBlack-tailed Godwit Limosa limosaBroad-billed Sandpiper Limicola falcinellusCampbell Albatross Thalassarche impavidaCaspian Tern Sterna caspiaCattle Egret Ardea ibisCommon Greenshank, Greenshank Tringa nebularia

Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucosCurlew Sandpiper Calidris ferrugineaDouble-banded Plover Charadrius bicinctusEastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensisFlesh-footed Shearwater, Fleshy-footed Shearwater Puffinus carneipes

Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificusGreat Egret, White Egret Ardea alba

Great Knot Calidris tenuirostrisGreater Sand Plover, Large Sand Plover Charadrius leschenaultii

Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarolaGrey-tailed Tattler Heteroscelus brevipesLatham’s Snipe, Japanese Snipe Gallinago hardwickii

Lesser Sand Plover, Mongolian Plover Charadrius mongolus

Little Curlew, Little Whimbrel Numenius minutus

Little Tern Sterna albifronsMalleefowl Leipoa ocellataMarsh Sandpiper, Little Greenshank Tringa stagnatilis

Northern Giant-Petrel Macronectes halliNorthern Royal Albatross Diomedea sanfordi

Migratory birds

Common name Scientific nameOriental Plover, Oriental Dotterel Charadrius veredus

Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva

Painted Snipe Rostratula benghalensis (sensu lato)

Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatusRed Knot, Knot Calidris canutusRed-necked Stint Calidris ruficollisRed-tailed Black-Cockatoo (south-eastern)

Calyptorhynchus banksii graptogyne

Regent Honeyeater Xanthomyza phrygiaRuddy Turnstone Arenaria interpresRufous Fantail Rhipidura rufifronsSanderling Calidris albaSatin Flycatcher Myiagra cyanoleucaSharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminataShort-tailed Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostrisShy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross

Thalassarche cauta (sensu stricto)

Southern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteusSouthern Royal Albatross

Diomedea epomophora (sensu stricto)

Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereusTristan Albatross Diomedea dabbenena

Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans (sensu lato)

Wedge-tailed Shearwater Puffinus pacificus

Whimbrel Numenius phaeopusWhite-bellied Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster

White-capped Albatross Thalassarche steadi

White-throated Needletail Hirundapus caudacutus

Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola

Other migratory species

Common name Scientific name

Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae

Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis

Green Turtle Chelonia mydas

Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta

Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth Dermochelys coriacea

Bryde’s Whale Balaenoptera edeni

Pygmy Right Whale Caperea marginata

Dusky Dolphin Lagenorhynchus obscurus

Killer Whale, Orca Orcinus orca

Porbeagle, Mackerel Shark Lamna nasus

Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus

Great White Shark Carcharodon carcharias

For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/migratory-species

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/migratory-species


EPBC Act (1999) migratory species

Migratory birds

Common name Scientific nameAntipodean Albatross Diomedea antipodensisBar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponicaBlack-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophrisBlack-tailed Godwit Limosa limosaBroad-billed Sandpiper Limicola falcinellusCampbell Albatross Thalassarche impavidaCaspian Tern Sterna caspiaCattle Egret Ardea ibisCommon Greenshank, Greenshank Tringa nebularia

Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucosCurlew Sandpiper Calidris ferrugineaDouble-banded Plover Charadrius bicinctusEastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensisFlesh-footed Shearwater, Fleshy-footed Shearwater Puffinus carneipes

Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificusGreat Egret, White Egret Ardea alba

Great Knot Calidris tenuirostrisGreater Sand Plover, Large Sand Plover Charadrius leschenaultii

Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarolaGrey-tailed Tattler Heteroscelus brevipesLatham’s Snipe, Japanese Snipe Gallinago hardwickii

Lesser Sand Plover, Mongolian Plover Charadrius mongolus

Little Curlew, Little Whimbrel Numenius minutus

Little Tern Sterna albifronsMalleefowl Leipoa ocellataMarsh Sandpiper, Little Greenshank Tringa stagnatilis

Northern Giant-Petrel Macronectes halliNorthern Royal Albatross Diomedea sanfordi

Migratory birds

Common name Scientific nameOriental Plover, Oriental Dotterel Charadrius veredus

Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva

Painted Snipe Rostratula benghalensis (sensu lato)

Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatusRed Knot, Knot Calidris canutusRed-necked Stint Calidris ruficollisRed-tailed Black-Cockatoo (south-eastern)

Calyptorhynchus banksii graptogyne

Regent Honeyeater Xanthomyza phrygiaRuddy Turnstone Arenaria interpresRufous Fantail Rhipidura rufifronsSanderling Calidris albaSatin Flycatcher Myiagra cyanoleucaSharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminataShort-tailed Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostrisShy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross

Thalassarche cauta (sensu stricto)

Southern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteusSouthern Royal Albatross

Diomedea epomophora (sensu stricto)

Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereusTristan Albatross Diomedea dabbenena

Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans (sensu lato)

Wedge-tailed Shearwater Puffinus pacificus

Whimbrel Numenius phaeopusWhite-bellied Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster

White-capped Albatross Thalassarche steadi

White-throated Needletail Hirundapus caudacutus

Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola

Other migratory species

Common name Scientific name

Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae

Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis

Green Turtle Chelonia mydas

Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta

Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth Dermochelys coriacea

Bryde’s Whale Balaenoptera edeni

Pygmy Right Whale Caperea marginata

Dusky Dolphin Lagenorhynchus obscurus

Killer Whale, Orca Orcinus orca

Porbeagle, Mackerel Shark Lamna nasus

Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus

Great White Shark Carcharodon carcharias

For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/migratory-species

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/migratory-species


Threatened endemic species

Threatened endemic species

Taxonomic group Scientific name Reservation status EPBC Act status IUCN statusMammals Lagorchestes leporides Recorded in reserves Extinct Extinct

Molluscs Glyptorhagada euglypta Not recorded in reserves n/a Vulnerable

Molluscs Glyptorhagada janaslini Recorded in reserves n/a Near Threatened

Molluscs Glyptorhagada silveri Not recorded in reserves n/a Endangered

Molluscs Glyptorhagada tattawuppana Not recorded in reserves n/a Vulnerable

Molluscs Lacustrelix yerelinana Recorded in reserves n/a Near ThreatenedMolluscs Pleuroxia italowiana Recorded in reserves n/a Near ThreatenedPlants Caladenia macroclavia Recorded in reserves Endangered n/aPlants Caladenia woolcockiorum Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/aPlants Caladenia xantholeuca Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Pterostylis lepida Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Pterostylis mirabilis Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Acanthocladium dockeri Not recorded in reserves

Critically Endangered n/a

Plants Pleuropappus phyllocalymmeus Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/aPlants Senecio megaglossus Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/aPlants Acacia araneosa Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/aPlants Acacia praemorsa Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/aPlants Acacia spilleriana Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Acacia whibleyana Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Swainsona pyrophila Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Lachnagrostis limitanea Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Haloragis eyreana Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Reptiles Tiliqua adelaidensis Recorded in reserves Endangered Endangered


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Invasive species

Invasive mammals

Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone**

Cat, House Cat, Domestic Cat Felis catus 4.25 99.94

Red Fox, Fox Vulpes vulpes 5.29 99.92

Rabbit, European Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 5.91 99.08

Goat Capra hircus 12.77 83.85

House Mouse Mus musculus 7.5 81.67

Brown Hare Lepus capensis 12.94 39.40

Pig Sus scrofa 3.36 36.21

Domestic Cattle Bos taurus 4.5 23.48

Black Rat, Ship Rat Rattus rattus 6.57 22.39

Domestic Dog Canis lupus familiaris 2.87 21.94

Donkey, Ass Equus asinus 0.68 2.52

Feral deer species in Australia n/a 1.85 2.18

Dromedary, Camel Camelus dromedarius 0.14 1.42

Brown Rat, Norway Rat Rattus norvegicus 2.41 1.40

Other invasive fauna


Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris 14.8 97.86

House Sparrow Passer domesticus 10.76 97.45

Rock Pigeon, Rock Dove, Domestic Pigeon Columba livia 10.47 81.72

Common Blackbird, Eurasian Blackbird Turdus merula 24.14 67.71

European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis 20.11 55.22

Skylark Alauda arvensis 23.09 45.65

Spotted Turtle-Dove Streptopelia chinensis 10.96 27.98

Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 11.48 24.89

Common Myna, Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis 2.13 3.37

Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus 1.47 1.25

Red-whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus 2.86 0.70

European Greenfinch Carduelis chloris 0.57 0.34

Ostrich Struthio camelus 27.94 0.22

* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone.

** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.


Invasive flora

Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone** Bridal Creeper, Bridal Veil Creeper, Smilax, Florist’s Smilax, Smilax Asparagus Asparagus asparagoides 20.18 50.74

African Boxthorn, Boxthorn Lycium ferocissimum 23.25 37.48

Boneseed Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera 30.11 29.34

Athel Pine, Athel Tree, Tamarisk, Athel Tamarisk, Athel Tamarix, Desert Tamarisk, Flowering Cypress, Salt Cedar

Tamarix aphylla 9.96 21.54

Blackberry, European Blackberry Rubus fruticosus aggregate 7.88 20.11Silver Nightshade, Silver-leaved Nightshade, White Horse Nettle, Silver-leaf Nightshade, Tomato Weed, White Nightshade, Bull-nettle, Prairie-berry, Satansbos, Silver-leaf Bitter-apple, Silverleaf-nettle, Trompillo

Solanum elaeagnifolium 40.01 18.31

Willows except Weeping Willow, Pussy Willow and Sterile Pussy Willow

Salix spp. except S.babylonica, S.x calodendron & S.x reichardtii

8.54 17.24

Ward’s Weed Carrichtera annua 11.75 15.22

Prickly Pears Opuntia spp. 12.51 14.55

Gorse, Furze Ulex europaeus 7.98 9.73

Mesquite, Algaroba Prosopis spp. 3.02 5.48

Prickly Pears Cylindropuntia spp. 20.26 3.90

Olive, Common Olive Olea europaea 77.47 3.16

Broom Genista sp. X Genista monspessulana 77.47 3.16

Prickly Pears Austrocylindropuntia spp. 50.76 1.92Parkinsonia, Jerusalem Thorn, Jelly Bean Tree, Horse Bean Parkinsonia aculeata 0.32 1.56

Montpellier Broom, Cape Broom, Canary Broom, Common Broom, French Broom, Soft Broom

Genista monspessulana 2.32 1.06

Broom, English Broom, Scotch Broom, Common Broom, Scottish Broom, Spanish Broom

Cytisus scoparius 1.19 0.87

Bridal Veil, Bridal Veil Creeper, Pale Berry Asparagus Fern, Asparagus Fern, South African Creeper

Asparagus declinatus 43.14 0.76

Chilean Needle grass Nassella neesiana 0.68 0.55Flax-leaved Broom, Mediterranean Broom, Flax Broom Genista linifolia 4.31 0.54

Climbing Asparagus-fern Asparagus plumosus 3.55 0.35

Climbing Asparagus-fern, Ferny Asparagus Protasparagus plumosus 3.55 0.35

Bitou Bush Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata 1.51 0.31


Invasive flora


Water Hyacinth, Water Orchid, Nile Lily Eichhornia crassipes 1.07 0.31Fireweed, Madagascar Ragwort, Madagascar Groundsel Senecio madagascariensis 0.4 0.18

Madeira Vine, Jalap, Lamb’s-tail, Mignonette Vine, Anredera, Gulf Madeiravine, Heartleaf Madeiravine, Potato Vine

Anredera cordifolia 0.42 0.12

Buffel-grass, Black Buffel-grass Cenchrus ciliaris 0.31 3.29Cabomba, Fanwort, Carolina Watershield, Fish Grass, Washington Grass, Watershield, Carolina Fanwort, Common Cabomba

Cabomba caroliniana 2.09 0.66

Lantana, Common Lantana, Kamara Lantana, Large-leaf Lantana, Pink Flowered Lantana, Red Flowered Lantana, Red-Flowered Sage, White Sage, Wild Sage

Lantana camara 0.15 0.22

Serrated Tussock, Yass River Tussock, Yass Tussock, Nassella Tussock (NZ) Nassella trichotoma 0.11 0.10

Delta Arrowhead, Arrowhead, Slender Arrowhead Sagittaria platyphylla 0.16 0.04

Asparagus Fern, Climbing Asparagus Fern Asparagus scandens 0.03 0.00Asparagus Fern, Ground Asparagus, Basket Fern, Sprengi’s Fern, Bushy Asparagus, Emerald Asparagus

Asparagus aethiopicus 0.02 0.00

* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone.

** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.

It should be noted that the identification of any given invasive species above does not imply that the species is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. The % of the zone area (**) indicates how common or rare the species may be within the zone.

For more information on invasive species please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/invasive-species

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/invasive-species


Vegetation profiles and management recommendationsVegetation extent information and species lists contained in the vegetation profiles are based on analysis from the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS), including analysis of Major Vegetation Subgroups and NVIS Level V descriptions. Please see http://www.environment.gov.au/node/18930 for more information.

The management recommendations have been drawn from EPBC Act Recovery Plans, EPBC Act Ecological Communities Listing Advice and other sources. The recommendations are indicative only. Systematic reviews of management literature, consultation processes and improved Natural Resource Management program monitoring and evaluation will support development of a comprehensive set of management recommendations over time.

http://www.environment.gov.au/node/18930


Mallee with a tussock grass understorey vegetation profile

Protection Sustainable Agricultural Practice

Rehabilitation Fire Management

Wildlife Management

Weed Management

Feral Animal Management

Disease Management

Protect against dryland salinity by maintaining and replanting native vegetation.

Close or fence artificial sources of water in conservation reserves as these may attract feral species and trampling.

Protect, and where appropriate, fence important wildlife habitat including for Malleefowl.

Encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants on private land

Exclude stock from remnants to enable recruitment and regeneration of over and under-storey species.

Create windbreaks with mallee species to reduce the impacts of soil erosion.

Reduce tillage in zones around remnants.

Avoid creating new access tracks and roads through remnants.

Undertake restoration where there are few mature overstorey species or lack of suitable sites for seed germination.

Choose mallee species that occur in remnants on similar soils and slope aspect. Replicate the relative abundance of species.

Manage wildlife corridors between remnant patches.

Create buffer zones around remnants by revegetating previously cleared lands with mallee and ground storey species.

Reduce the occurrence of large fires, and use mosaic burning techniques.

Ensure mosaic burns are targeted at different age classes of vegetation, to ensure age diversity between and within remnant patches.

Discourage broad-scale burning for agricultural purposes in areas that harbour Malleefowl.

Avoid clearing roadsides for firebreaks.

Manage native grazing animals.

Minimise the amount of grain spilt during transport through Malleefowl habitat.

Erect signs where needed to warn drivers that Malleefowl may be on the road.

Actively manage weeds when undertaking restoration activities to ensure weeds do not compete for soil moisture with vulnerable native replantings.

A 1-metre radius weed free buffer should be maintained around native woody plants. Use spot control to maintain this.

Apply herbicides to actively growing weeds and avoid spray drift.

Do not leave areas of bare ground to avoid wind and water erosion of soils. Retain some weed cover and stagger removal and replacement with native grasses.

Manage exotic herbivore species including goats, sheep, rabbits especially near habitat for wildlife such as Malleefowl.

Control foxes and rabbits simultaneously to avoid foxes switching to predation on native species, or increases in rabbit populations.

Shooting is a suitable control for goats, wallabies, goats, deer, hares and foxes. Baiting is appropriate for rabbits, hares and foxes.

Monitor for Red-legged earth mites. Populations should be managed with a soil active insecticide.

1.43%Remaining

Change in extent

Pres

ent d

ay

Pre-

1750

16.8%

0.2%

Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus socialis; Eucalyptus dumosa; Eucalyptus odorata; Eucalyptus porosa; Eucalyptus leptophylla; Allocasuarina verticillata; Eucalyptus behriana; Enchylaena tomentosa; Melaleuca lanceolata; Rhagodia spinescens; Austrodanthonia caespitosa; Austrostipa eremophila; Austrodanthonia setacea; Austrostipa scabra; Hordeum leporinum; tussock grass; forb; samphire shrub.

Management recommendations


Saltbush and/or Bluebush shrublands vegetation profile

95.5%Remaining

Change in extent

Pres

ent d

ay

Pre-

1750

10.4%9.9%

Commonly found species within this communityAtriplex vesicaria; Atriplex paludosa; Nitraria billardierei; Maireana sedifolia; Maireana pyramidata; Maireana astrotricha; Maireana oppositifolia; Rhagodia spinescens; Frankenia sessilis; shrub; tussock grass; forb.



Wildlife Management

Weed Management


Disease Management

Establish pest-proof fencing around key refugia.

Promote wise water use to avoid changes to water flow/water table levels that could impact on aquifers and overland flow.

Avoid continuous or heavy grazing to allow saltbush to regenerate and seed.

Experiment with different saltbush species for livestock forage, and implement strategic grazing regimes to maximise both production yields and biodiversity benefits.

Refer to http://www.malleecma.vic.gov.au/resources/fact-sheets/enrich-fs.pdf to explore the benefits of different grazing regimes and saltbush species.

Undertake intensive management of identified key refugia and wildlife habitats.

Maintain dingo populations to control exotic pests.

Re-introduce engineer species (e.g. bilbies and bettongs) where feral animal controls are in place and effective.

Manage native grazing pressure (e.g. from kangaroos).



Do not leave areas of bare ground to avoid wind and water erosion of soils. Retain some weed cover and stagger removal and replacement with native grasses.

Target rabbits, foxes and cats in key refugia and habitats.

Manage foxes and rabbits simultaneously to prevent foxes switching to predation on native species, or increases in rabbit populations.


http://www.malleecma.vic.gov.au/resources/fact-sheets/enrich-fs.pdf





Mallee with a dense shrubby understorey vegetation profile

96.79%Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus diversifolia; Eucalyptus porosa; Eucalyptus costata subsp. Murrayana; Eucalyptus brachycalyx; Eucalyptus socialis; Eucalyptus gracilis; Eucalyptus oleosa; Eucalyptus incrassata; Eucalyptus leptophylla; Eucalyptus dumosa; Melaleuca uncinata; Melaleuca lanceolata; Melaleuca acuminata; Sclerolaena diacantha; Enchylaena tomentosa; Rhagodia parabolica; shrub; tussock grass; forb.

Change in extent

Pres

ent d

ay

Pre-

1750

10%9.7%



Wildlife Management

Weed Management


Disease Management


Close or fence artificial sources of water in conservation reserves.

Protect, and where appropriate fence important wildlife habitat including for Malleefowl.

Encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants.












Discourage broad-scale burning for agricultural purposes in lands near Malleefowl habitat.


Minimise the amount of grain spilt during transport through Malleefowl habitat, as foraging close to roadsides leaves them susceptible to collisions with vehicles.


Actively manage weeds when undertaking restoration activities to ensure weeds do not compete for soil moisture with vulnerable native replantings. A 1-metre radius weed free buffer should be maintained around native woody plants. Use spot control to maintain this. Apply herbicides to actively growing weeds and avoid spray drift. Do not leave areas of bare ground to avoid wind and water erosion of soils. Retain some weed cover and stagger removal and replacement with native grasses.







Mallee with hummock grass vegetation profile

79.8%Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus socialis; Eucalyptus dumosa; Eucalyptus porosa; Callitris glaucophylla; Eucalyptus gracilis; Myoporum platycarpum; Eucalyptus leptophylla; Acacia wilhelmiana; Callitris verrucosa; Leptospermum coriaceum; Acacia ligulata; Triodia scariosa; Rhagodia spinescens; Senna artemisioides ssp. Coriacea; Dodonaea viscosa ssp. angustissima; Halgania cyanea; Brachyloma ericoides; Beyeria opaca; Westringia rigida; Grevillea huegelii; hummock grass; shrub.

Change in extent

Pres

ent d

ay

Pre-

1750

9.3%

7.5%



Wildlife Management

Weed Management


Disease Management




Encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants on private land.















Minimise the amount of grain spilt during transport through areas that harbour Malleefowl.




Avoid wind and water erosion of soils. Retain some weed cover and stagger removal and replacement with native grasses.







Casuarina and Allocasuarina open woodlands with a shrubby understorey vegetation profile

98.16%Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityCasuarina pauper; Alectryon oleifolius ssp. Canescens; Callitris gracilis; Olearia decurrens; Senna artemisioides ssp. Coriacea; Senna artemisioides ssp. Petiolaris; Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia; Alyxia buxifolia; Geijera linearifolia; Maireana sedifolia; Enchylaena tomentosa; Enchylaena tomentosa var.,Maireana georgei/turbinata; shrub.

Change in extent

Pres

ent d

ay

Pre-

1750

6.8% 6.7%



Wildlife Management

Weed Management


Disease Management

Purchase threatened ecological communities, such as Buloke woodlands into reservation.


Encourage wise water use and avoid changes to water table levels.

Retain standing dead trees and fallen timber.

Manage grazing pressure in remnants with an intact, native ground layer.

Exclude stock from remnants or areas with scattered trees for a few years to allow regeneration, then protect the young trees if stock need to be re-introduced.

Establish buffers of indigenous shrubs around all small reserves, to reduce fertilizer drift and accretion of aeolian soils in overlying loam.

Avoid fertiliser and herbicide application.

In-plant woody species where regeneration does not naturally occur.

Replicate the species composition and density of good quality remnants (an open canopy of trees; open tall shrubs or small trees; and a number of lower strata, including a dense grassy layer).

As far as possible, restore natural infrequent environmental flows along the Wimmera River and River Murray. These floodwaters provide infrequent, but essential inundation and soil moisture levels to enable seed germination.

Fires of very low intensity may have been important in maintaining the open nature and the grassiness of Buloke Woodlands.

It is suspected that lack of fire, in association with removal of grazing, has led to increased woody species in the lower strata of otherwise good quality remnants.

Canopy tree regeneration is unlikely after severe wildfire. In the event of wildfire, revegetation of overstorey species may be necessary.

Manage populations of kangaroos.

Manage Avena species, Brachypodium distachyon, Bromus species, Lolium species, Medicago species, Poa bulbosa and Trifolium species.



Protect rehabilitation sites from incursions of feral species through fencing.



Mallee with an open shrubby understorey vegetation profile

57.63%Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus diversifolia; Eucalyptus dumosa; Eucalyptus socialis; Eucalyptus oleosa; Eucalyptus gracilis; Rhagodia parabolica; Melaleuca uncinata; Melaleuca lanceolata; Melaleuca acuminata; Pittosporum angustifolium; Nitraria billardierei; Maireana pyramidata; Santalum acuminatum; Exocarpos aphyllus; Eremophila glabra; Triodia irritans; Maireana pentatropis; Stenopetalum lineare; samphire shrub; forb; other grass; hummock grass.

Change in extent

Pres

ent d

ay

Pre-

1750

6.5%

3.8%



Wildlife Management

Weed Management


Disease Management





Exclude stock from remnants to enable regeneration of over and under-storey species.













Minimise the amount of grain spilt during transport through Malleefowl habitat.




Avoid wind and water erosion of soils. Retain some weed cover and stagger removal and replacement with native grasses.

Manage exotic herbivore species including goats, sheep, rabbits.

Protect rehabilitation sites from incursions of feral species through fencing.

Ensure rabbit control is followed by fox control to avoid foxes switching to predation on native species, or increases in rabbit populations.


ALC

100.

0915

Date post:	29-Aug-2020
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