consider:

The 15th Amendment said that you could not keep anyone from voting based on race, but it did not say you could not keep someone from voting based on anything else. Think about the black population at this time. What other restrictions could you place on voting that would keep most blacks from the polls? Here is one example, try to think of some others.

i.e. You cannot vote if your grandfather could not vote.

essential question:

How can progressive reforms fix problems such as those seen in the Gilded Age? PART 4: AFRICAN AMERICANS

African Americans kept inferior by:1. voting

restrictions

• poll taxes

• literacy tests (graded by whites)

“By th’ way, what’s that big word”

• grandfather clauses (often attached to previous examples)

If this was your grandfather, then you could not do this.

2. violence (primarily lynchings)

map of hate groups in North Carolina today

Lynchings by Decade, 1865-1965

3. segregation

• Jim Crow laws

Restaurants: It shall be unlawful to conduct a restaurant or other place for the serving of food in the city, at which white and colored people are served in the same room, unless such white and colored persons are effectively separated by a solid partition extending from the floor upward to a distance of seven feet or higher, and unless a separate entrance from the street is provided for each compartment.

Intermarriage: All marriages between a white person and a Negro person or between a white person and a person of Negro descent to the fourth generation inclusive, are hereby forever prohibited. (Florida)

EXAMPLES OF JIM CROW LAWS

Education: The schools for white children and the schools for Negro children shall be conducted separately. (Florida)

Textbooks: Books shall not be interchangeable between the white and colored schools, but shall be continued to be used by the race first using them. (North Carolina)

Burial: The officer in charge shall not bury, or allow to be buried, any colored persons upon ground set apart or used for the burial of white persons. (Georgia)

EXAMPLES OF JIM CROW LAWS

Parks: It shall be unlawful for colored people to frequent any park owned or maintained by the city for the benefit, use and enjoyment of white persons. and unlawful for nay white person to frequent any park owned or maintained by the city for the use and benefit of colored persons. (Georgia)

Lunch Counters: No persons, firms, or corporations, who or which furnish meals to passengers at station restaurants or station eating houses, in times limited by common carriers of said passengers, shall furnish said meals to white and colored passengers in the same room, or at the same table , or at the same counter. (S.C.)

EXAMPLES OF JIM CROW LAWS

Jim Crow Internet AssignmentJim Crow was not a person, yet affected the lives of millions of people. Named after a popular 19th-century minstrel song that stereotyped African Americans, "Jim Crow" came to describe the system of government-approved racial oppression and segregation (separation based on race) in the United States.

Open up the PBS website about Jim Crow at www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/index.html to complete the activities below. Stay focused on the assignment the entire period so that you are able to complete it in one class period.

What did you learn about Jim Crow from your internet research?Be prepared to share something interesting you saw or read about Jim Crow from your internet research.

• Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) established the idea of “separate but equal”

Can separate be equal?

Do either of these exist today? How?

• de facto segregation (by custom, in North)• de jure segregation (by law, in South)

de jure segregation de facto segregation

In the chart below, list examples of de jure segregation and de facto segregation. They can be modern examples or examples from the Jim Crow era.

consider:

What options do African Americans have in dealing with the Jim Crow

South?

essential question:

How can progressive reforms fix problems such as those seen in the Gilded Age? PART 4: AFRICAN AMERICANS

(continued)

• Great Migration: eventually many blacks move north to escape the Jim Crow South (1910-1940s)

• Ida B. Wells led a crusade against lynching

• Ida B. Wells led a crusade against lynching

• two opposing reactions:

1. Booker T. Washington 2. W.E.B. DuBoisvs.

1. Booker T. Washington• advocated compromise with whites

through accommodation and gradualism (equality over time)

One of Theodore Roosevelt's first controversial actions as president was to invite African-American leader Booker T. Washington to dine with him privately at the White House in October 1901. This recognition solidified Booker T. Washington's control over the limited political patronage given to African Americans, and raised an outcry among southern Democrats. Roosevelt defended his actions, but did not again openly socialize with Washington or any other African-American leader.

1. Booker T. Washington• Tuskegee Institute for vocational

education so blacks could get slightly better jobs

2. W.E.B. DuBois• advocated immediate and absolute equality

for blacks

2. W.E.B. DuBois• believed the most

educated blacks, the “talented tenth,” should lead the fight for civil rights

excerpt from DuBois’ essay, “The Talented Tenth:”From the very first it has, been the educated and intelligent of the Negro people that have led and elevated the mass, and the sole obstacles that nullified and retarded their efforts were slavery and race prejudice; . . .

2. W.E.B. DuBois• helped form the NAACP (National

Association for the Advancement of Colored People) to use the legal system to fight for civil rights

Who had a better plan to fight Jim Crow: Booker T. or DuBois?

Answer the following with a main idea statement and three supports for the main idea. Your supports may say why one’s ideas are better or why the other’s ideas are worse.

vs.