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BRICK AND

BLOCK

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BRICK

A masonry unit of clay, formed into a rectangular prism while plastic and hardened e drin the sun or !ring in a "iln#

BLOCK

Bloc" is a similar term referring to a rectangular uilding unit composed of similar mateusually larger than a ric"# Lightweight ric"s %also called &lightweight loc"s&' are mad

from e(panded clay aggregate#

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)*+ O- BRICK

Common Bric"

Bric" made for general uilding purposes and not specially treated for color a

called as uilding ric"# Low .uality and low compressi/e strength ut are useful for internal walls whseen#

Common Bric" 0 hole 1olid common ric"

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-acing Bric"

Bric" made for special clays for facing a wall, often treated to produced a desired coloute(ture# Also called face ric"#

1pecially processed to gi/e certain speci!c surface characteristics# 2sed for e(pose ma

3igh .uality and uniform appearance# 4enerally used e(ternally in areas of seen ric"w

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5ud Bric"

2n!red ric"s, also "nown as mudbricks, are made from a wet, clay6containing soil mstraw or similar inders# )hey are air6dried until ready for use#

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-ired Bric"

-ired ric"s are urned in a "iln which ma"es them durale# 5odern, !red, clay ric"s are three processes 7 soft mud, dry press, or e(truded#

)he soft mud method is the most common, as it is the most economical# It starts with the

clay, preferaly in a mi( with 8970:; sand to reduce shrin"age# )he clay is !rst ground anmi(ed with water to the desired consistency# )he clay is then pressed into steel moulds wihydraulicpress# )he shaped clay is then !red %&urned&' at C to achie/e streng

)he dry-pressprocess is the process of forming ric" y molding relati/ely dry clay ha/incontent of 9; to ?; under high pressure# Resulting in sharp6edged, smooth surface ric"s

)he extruded brick is produced when low moisture clay is e(truded under pressure throu

produce the distinct ric" shape# Di@erent te(tures can e applied to e(truded ric" durinprocess, such as light or hea/y sand, wirecut, rolled edges, or glaes#

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulics

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Clay Bricks

Raw materialsAppro(imately

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Calcium silicatebricks)he production process for calcium silicate ric"s was de/eloped in =# )hey are manufactured fromcalciumlime, siliceous sand or crushed Hint, sand and water# Additionally, pigments may e added# )od=; of ric"s in the 2K are made from these materials and these types of ric"s are sometimes referredHintlime ric"s depending on the type of sand used in their manufacture# Constituent materials are pro

mi(ed efore eing moulded under great pressure into the re.uired shape# 4reen ric"s are loaded intomo/ed into curing chamers called autocla/es, similar to a /ery large pressure coo"er# hen the greenloaded inside the curing chamer the ends are closed and steam at an appro(imate temperature of =?

inected into the sealed chamer# )his increases the pressure inside the chamer and results in the limcomining chemically# Bric"s remain in the autocla/e for se/en to ten hours and are then unloaded andcalcium silicate reacts with the atmosphere to form calcium caronate# Dimensional changes from the fully cured ric" are negligile# 4enerally calcium silicate ric"s ha/e acomparale weight to that of a

negligile solule salts contentand are not, therefore, prone to eForescence#

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Concrete bricks1ome ; of 2K ric"s are made from

concrete# Raw materials used for their

production are +ortland cement and

aggregates, with a pigment generally eing

incorporated into the mi(# Constituent

materials are proportioned, mi(ed, placed in

moulds, /irated or compacted, de6moulded and then cured#+erformance re.uirements

for concrete ric"s are gi/en in B1 N ??=60

ut sies are not speci!ed# Common sies are

gi/en in )ale 8# A range of compressi/e strengths are

produced, typically from ?6: NMmm8

Concrete ric"s are typically 0:6:; hea/ier

than clay ric"s of similar dimensions#

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ADAN)A41 AND DI1ADAN)A41 O- BRICKAND BLOCK

Ad/antages of Bric"

It can withstand heat thus gi/ing !re protection to the house or uildings

It has etter sound performance where it ale to loc" the sound from outside#

It also o@ers lower utility cost# nergy eEcient homes its inherent mass .ualities help "ecooler in the summer and warmer in the winter#

It o@ers wide range of non6fade colours#

It does not re.uire painting for protection from eing destroyed li"e woods#

It is a load earing material which is it also help to support the uilding#

It is /irtually maintenance6free# It ne/er needs painting, caul"ing or staining#

It wont urn or rot li"e other !nish materials

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Disad/antages of Bric"

During e(treme weather, it may cause degradation of the surface due to frost damage#

It adds a lot of weight to the foundation# )herefore it increases the stress of the foundatfoundation needed to support this ric"s#

hen the ric" show some damage, it is unale to repair that part only ut to remo/e tsection which /ery costly# +lus, material used are largely related#

+oorly made ric"s such as clin"ers and older recycled ric"s might e pitted, irregularlprone to chipping#

In humid climates, porous ric" in/ites mold# It su@ers damage as water and ice e(pandits pores#

Bric" is not cost6e@ecti/e for many home uilders# It can e damaged y /ines#

Cleaning ric" surfaces is a hard o#

Color of low .uality ric" changes when e(posed to sun for a long period of time#

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Ad/antages of Bloc"

As for the ad/antage of block, lets loo" at the construction strength#

. ooden forms are not needed# ith a poured foundation there are forms that ha/e to e pieced togand then properly secured efore the concrete can e mi(ed and poured#

. Bloc"s are light and easy to install# Any person who has masonry e(perience can install a concrete foundation#

.)he loc"s are strong and well insulated# hen the re6ar is used, it adds strength to the structure !lled loc"s insulate the uilding well#

.)hey are well suited to construction in seismic areas# )hey are a /ersatile uilding material#

. 5ost importantly loc"s are en/ironmentally friendly material# )he loc"s are made from sustaina

resources that are recyclale# Bloc"s are not suect to same damage as woods, therefore it re.uirerepairs will lessen the impact on land!lls#

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Disad/antages of Bloc"

+eople ta"e short6cuts and not !ll e/ery loc" with mortar# By ta"ing this short6cut, the integrity ofcompromised and the structure is relati/ely wea"#

)he mortar that is used to adhere the loc"s together will crumle and disintegrate o/er time# Lea

and must e dealt with as soon as they are detected#

3igh maintenance costs for loc" foundations# 5ortar must constantly e monitored and loc"s muso often to ensure that no lea"s occur#

Concrete loc"s can e e(pensi/e# )raditional uilding supplies are less e(pensi/e than purchasingfull foundation# Concrete loc"sare typically two to three times more e(pensi/e than wood constru

Concrete loc"s are not pretty# 4enerally laid out in the same pattern as ric", concrete loc"s areutilitarian# Concrete is not easily co/ered and is diEcult to /isually enhance# 1ome people stucco t

ugliness# Others simply paint the loc"s and lea/e them e(posed for people to see# (tra landscaphide loc" foundations#

aterproo!ng is a must# )he loc"s are porous and the mortar is not lea" proof# )herefore a commwaterproof sealer is re.uired to ensure that the foundation does not lea"#

http://www.wikihow.com/Lay-Concrete-Blockshttp://www.wikihow.com/Lay-Concrete-Blocks

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1IP O- BRICK1

=# 5odular Bric"

A ric" ha/ing nominal dimensions of Q 8 Q inch %=:8 Q Q 8:0 mm'#

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8# ngineer Bric"

ric" ha/ing nominal dimensions of Q 0 ST9Q inch %=:8 Q = Q 8:0mm'#

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0# Uumo Bric"

A ric" ha/ing nominal dimensions of Q 8 VT0Q =8 inch %=:8 Q Q 0:9mm'#

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# Norwegian Bric"

A ric" ha/ing nominal dimension of Q 0 ST9 Q =8 inch %=:8 Q = Q 0:9 mm'#

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9# Roman Bric"

A ric" ha/ing nominal dimension of Q 8 Q =8 inch %=:8 Q 9= Q 0:9 mm'#

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8# -lemish Bond

In this type of ond each course comprises of alternate header and stretcher# Alternate courses startheader# )o rea" the /ertical oints .ueen closers are re.uired, if a course starts with header# /ery hsupported on the stretcher elow it# -lemish onds may e further classi!ed as "ouble #lemish BoBond%

In case of double femish bond, oth faces of the wall ha/e Hemish loo", i.e. each course consist of astretcher, whereas single femish bond outer faces of walls ha/e Hemish loo" whereas inner faces haW-ig6 %a', %b'X#

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)*+ O- BRICK BOND1

=# nglish BondIn this alternate courses consist of headers and stretchers# )his is considered to e the strongest ondcommonly used ond for the walls of all thic"nesses# )o rea" continuity of /ertical oints a ric" is cut

into two hal/es and used in the eginning and end of a wall after !rst header# )his is called .ueen clos-ig60'# -ig60 shows typical one ric" and one and half ric" thic" wall with nglish ond#

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0# Running Bond

)his is a pattern with each course made entirely of stretchers# 2nli"e the stackthe running ond courses alternate instead of eing right on top of each other#

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pplicaility of Bric" as Construction 5aterial

$tructuralusesY such as foundationswalls and Hoors#

Decorati/eMornamental usesY 5ay e cast to from moldings and other decorati&efeatuecar&edalso may e used in a &arietyof colors' textures' bondsand(oints%

5ay e concealedy other )nish materialssuch as stucco' plasteror paint'or mabothon the interiorand exterior%

Bricksare also used in the metallurgyand glass industriesfor lining furnaces%

)hey ha/e /arious uses, especially refractory brickssuch as silica' magnesia' chamoneutral%chromomagnesite' refractory bricks%)his typeof brickmust ha/e good thresistance' under load'high melting point, and satisfactory porosity%

Bricksare used for buildingand pa&ement# *arlier brickpa/ement was found incaofwithstandinghea/y tra+c'butit is coming ac" into use as a methodof tra+c caadecorati&e surfacein pedestrian precincts%