SUNSHINE COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Ismailkhanguda, Ghatkesar, R.R. District

Osmania University

2012-2013

COMPUTER EDUCATION PROJECT : THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

Submitted by

Name: D. VIJAYALAKSHMI Roll. No. 2512-12-701-082

Subject: Social Studies

WELC ME

INTRODUCTION TO CONSTITUTION

The system of fundamental principles according to which

a nation, state, corporation, or the like,

is governed.

Importance of CONSTITUTION

A Constitution tells us what the fundamental nature of our society is.

A Constitution helps serve as a set of rules and principles that all persons in a country can agree upon as the basis of the way in which they want the country to be governed.

The second important purpose of a Constitution is to define the nature of a country’s political system.

• After completion of this topic students get the knowledge of

our Constitution which they followed.

• Students known their fundamental rights and duties, also

known their limits as an Indian by understanding the

fundamental rights and fundamental duties.

• They had the skill to explain our rights and duties to others

by their knowledge and understanding of our Constitution.

In this topic we learn about constitution and it`s importance and key features of constitution of India

Aldo we learn the six fundamental rights that have each and every citizen in india like Right to equality, Right to freedom, Right to cultural and educational rights like that.

At lost we learn about the fundamental duties which should be followed by every citizen in India.

In August 1947, the Drafting Committee was set up, under Dr. B.R.Ambedkar.

On 26 November 1949, the final Draft of the Constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly

Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950. Totally takes 2 years 11 months 18 days.

Jawaharlal Nehru

Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel

Babu Rajendra Prasad

K.M. Munshi

Rajagopala Chary

Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru

Abul Kalam Azad

Indian Constitution starts with the Preamble. The preamble is an in introduction to the Constitution. It reveals the aspiration of the fathers of the Constitution.

The preamble declares that India is a SOVEREIGN, SOCIALIST, SECULAR, DEMOCRATIC, REPUBLIC; and the people enjoy JUSTICE, LIBERTY, EQUALITY and FRATERNITY.

Sovereign State means taking self-decisions in all the matters without the pressure of other states.

Our country frames internal (home) and foreign policies independently without yielding to the external forces.

The state which reduces the economic inequalities among its people and strives for their economic development is a socialist state.

The word “Socialist State” has been added in the preamble to the Constitution in 1976 through 42nd amendment.

A secular state is one in which the state does not officially promote any one religion as the state religion . The Constitution plays a crucial role in laying out the ideals that we would like all citizens of the country to adhere to, including the representatives that we elect to rule us.

India is a Democratic State. Democracy is the government of the people, for the people and by the people. The Constituent assembly elected by the people framed the constitution according to the wishes of the people.

If the head of the state is not a hereditary king or queen but an elected representative, it is a republic.

A democratic state alone can become a republic.

JUSTICE:

The Preamble to Indian Constitution assured social, economic and political justice to all its citizens.

Justice is done only when it is given equally to all.

LIBERTY:

The preamble to the Constitution assures liberty to citizens for thinking, expressing and worshipping according to one’s own belief and faith. The fundamental rights are granted to them with a view to safeguarding liberty.

All the citizens are equal in the eyes of the government irrespective of their differences.

All the citizens get equal opportunities for development.

The preamble to our Constitution assured opportunities to all citizens to achieve equal status.

The preamble to Constitution desired to achieve fraternity by enhancing the individual respect and inculcating National Integrity.

The word “fraternity” is included in the preamble with a view to sow the seeds of brotherhood in the minds of the people.

There are some unique and outstanding features in the Indian Constitution which are not found in other Constitutions. These unique features brought specialty to our Constitution.

Our constitution is one of the Lenthiestic constitution in the world.

At present there are 444 articles and 12 schedules

in our Constitution.

The procedure of amendment to the constitution reveals weather a Constitution is rigid or flexible

Our Constitution in respect of certain subjects is amended through a simple legislative procedure adopted for enacting a bill.

UNITARY AND FEDERAL STATE

This refers to the existence of more than

one level of government in the country.

In India, we have governments at the

state level and at the centre. Panchayati

Raj is the third tier of government.

While each state in India enjoys

autonomy in exercising powers on

certain issues, subjects of national

concern require that all of these states

follow the laws of the central

government.

Constitution of India guarantees universal adult suffrage for all citizens. The people of India have a direct role in electing their representatives. Also, every citizen of the country, irrespective of his/her social background, can also contest in elections.

Single Citizenship done in India by deliberately with a view to curb distruptiveforces and safeguard national intigrity

The constitution provided safeguards for an independent judiciary.

The Supreme Court of India is given the power to review the acts passed by the legislatures.

According to the Constitution, there are three organs of the State. These are the legislature, the executive and the judiciary. The legislature refers to our elected representatives. The executive is a smaller group of people who are responsible for implementing laws and running the government. The judiciary refers to the system of courts in this country.

The section on Fundamental Rights has often been

referred to as the ‘conscience’ of the Indian Constitution. Fundamental Rights,protect citizens against the arbitrary and absolute exercise of power by the State. The Constitution, thus, guarantees the rights of individuals against the State as well as against other individuals. The Constitution, also guarantees the rights of minorities against the majority.

All persons are equal before the law. This means that all persons shall be equally protected by the laws of the country . Every person has access to all public places including playgrounds, hotels, shops etc.

This includes the right to freedom of speech and expression , the right to form associations, the right to move freely and reside in any part of the country, and the right to practise any profession, occupation or business.

The Constitution prohibits trafficking, forced labour , and children working under 14 years of age.

Religious freedom is provided to all citizens.Every person has the right to practise , profess and propagate the religion of their choice.

The Constitution states that all minorities , religious or linguistic, can set up their own educational institutions in order to preserve and develop their own culture.

This allows citizens to move the court if they believe that any of their Fundamental Rights have been violated by the State.

These are the guidelines given to central and state government to implement and achieve the highest ideals splet out in the preamble to the Constitution

Encouraging cottage industries.

Providing compulsory education

Improving the standard of living.

Prohibition

Educational and Economic development of the weaker sections

TEN FUNDANMANTAL DUTIES

1. To abide by the constitution and to respect ideals of constitution and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem.

TEN FUNDANMANTAL DUTIES

2. To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom.

TEN FUNDANMANTAL DUTIES

3. To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.

TEN FUNDANMANTAL DUTIES

4. To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.

TEN FUNDANMANTAL DUTIES

5. To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women

TEN FUNDANMANTAL DUTIES

6. To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture

TEN FUNDANMANTAL DUTIES

7. To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures

TEN FUNDANMANTAL DUTIES

8. To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform.

TEN FUNDANMANTAL DUTIES

9. To safeguard public property and to abjure

violence

TEN FUNDANMANTAL DUTIES

10. To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of Endeavour and achievement.