Construct a Born-Haber cycle• Slides 2 and 3 show examples of the cards in

use• Print slides 4 to 15 onto A4 paper or card• Laminate if desired, then cut into strips (use

paper trimmer), and squares• Slides 4 to 9 will make 8 sets of cards for NaCl• Slides 10 to 15 will extend the 8 sets to also

construct MgCl2 and MgO

• Easily stored in envelopes for future use

Na(S)

Na(S)

Na(S)

Na(S)

Na(S)

Na(S)

Na(S)

Na(S)

Na(g)

Na(g)

Na(g)

Na(g)

Na(g)

Na(g)

Na(g)

Na(g)

Na(g)

Na(g)

Na(g)

Na(g)

Na(g)

Na(g)

Na(g)

Na(g)

(g) (g)Na + Na +

(g) (g)Na + Na +

Na+

(g)Na +

(g)Na +

(g)Na+

(g)Na +

(g)Na +

(g)

Na+

(g)Na +

(g)Na +

(g)Na+

(g)Na +

(g)Na +

(g)

Cl-

(g)Cl -

(g)Cl -

(g)Cl-

(g)Cl -

(g)Cl -

(g)Cl -

(g)Cl -

(g)

Cl2(g)

Cl2(g)

Cl2(g)

Cl2(g)

Cl2(g)

Cl2(g)

Cl2(g)

Cl2(g)

Cl(g)

Cl(g)

Cl(g)

Cl(g)

Cl(g)

Cl(g)

Cl(g)

Cl(g)

Cl(g)

Cl(g)

Cl(g)

Cl(g)

Cl(g)

Cl(g)

Cl(g)

Cl(g)

Cl2(g)

Cl2(g)

Cl2(g)

Cl2(g)

Cl2(g)

Cl2(g)

Cl2(g)

Cl2(g)

½ ½½ ½ ½½½½

½ ½½ ½ ½½½½

+ + + + ++ ++

+ + + + + + ++

+ + + + ++ ++

+ + + + + + ++

+ + + + ++ ++

+ + + + + + ++

NaCl(s) NaCl(s) NaCl(s)

NaCl(s)

NaCl(s)

NaCl(s) NaCl(s) NaCl(s)

∆H1 IE ∆H1 IE ∆H1 IE ∆H1 IE ∆H1 IE ∆H1 IE ∆H1 IE

∆Hat ∆Hat ∆Hat ∆Hat ∆Hat ∆Hat ∆Hat

∆Hat ∆Hat ∆Hat ∆Hat ∆Hat ∆Hat ∆Hat

∆Hat ∆Hat ∆H1 IE

∆H LE ∆H LE ∆H LE∆H LE ∆H LE ∆H LE∆H LE

∆H LE∆HEA1∆HEA1 ∆HEA1

∆H

f

∆H

f

∆H

f

∆H

f

∆H

f

∆H

f

∆H

f

∆H

f

∆H

EA

1

∆H

EA

1

∆H

EA

1

∆H

EA

1

MgO (s) MgO(s)

MgO (s) MgO(s)

MgO(s)

MgO(s)

∆H

EA

1

MgO(s)

MgO(s)

Mg(S)

Mg(S)

Mg(S)

Mg(S)

Mg(S)

Mg(S)

Mg(S)

Mg(S)

Mg(g)

Mg(g)

Mg(g)

Mg(g)

Mg(g)

Mg(g)

Mg(g)

Mg(g)

Mg(g)

Mg(g)

Mg(g)

Mg(g)

Mg(g)

Mg(g)

Mg(g)

Mg(g)

Mg+

(g)Mg+

(g)Mg+

(g)Mg+

(g)Mg+

(g)Mg+

(g) (g) (g)Mg+ Mg+

Mg2+

(g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g)Mg2+Mg2+Mg2+ Mg2+ Mg2+ Mg2+Mg2+

MgCl2(s) MgCl2(s)MgCl2(s) MgCl2(s)

Cl(g)

Cl(g)

Cl(g)

Cl(g)

Cl(g)

Cl(g)

Cl(g)

Cl(g)

e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e-

+ + + + + + ++

+ + + + + + ++

MgCl2(s) MgCl2(s) MgCl2(s) MgCl2(s)

Cl(g)

Cl(g)

Cl(g)

Cl(g)

Cl(g)

Cl(g)

Cl(g)

Cl(g)

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

∆H2 IE

∆H2 IE∆H2 IE ∆H2 IE ∆H2 IE ∆H2 IE ∆H2 IE ∆H2 IE

∆HEA2∆HEA2∆HEA2∆HEA2∆HEA2∆HEA2

∆HEA2∆HEA2

+ + +

+ + +

e- e- e-

e- e- e-

+ + + ++

+ + + +

+ + +

+ + ++

O2(g)

O2(g)

O2(g)

O2(g)

O2(g)

O2(g)

O2(g)

O2(g)

O2(g)

O2(g)

O2(g)

O2(g)

O2(g)

O2(g)

O2(g)

O2(g)

O(g)

O(g)

O(g)

O

O(g)

O(g)

O(g)

O

O(g)

O(g)

O(g)

O(g)

O(g)

O

(g)

(g)

O(g)

O(g)

(g)

O(g)

O(g)

O(g)

O(g)

O(g)

O(g)

O(g)

O(g)

O-

(g) O-

(g)O-

(g)O-

(g)O-

(g) O-

(g)O-

(g)O-

(g)

O2-

(g)O2-

(g)O2-

(g)O2-

(g)O2-

(g) O2-

(g)O2-

(g)O2-

(g)

Mg2+

(g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g)Mg2+Mg2+Mg2+ Mg2+ Mg2+ Mg2+Mg2+

Mg2+

(g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g)Mg2+Mg2+Mg2+ Mg2+ Mg2+ Mg2+Mg2+