Constructing Journal <Week 4>

Working DrawingCase study building name: ERC Building

1 TITLE BLOCK

List the types of information found in the title block on the !oor plan page.- Project name- Client- Information of reconstruction- Contacts of architects and planners- Drawing title- Drawing number- Orientation- Scale- Date

Why might this information be important?- It shows the general information and context of the building.

2 DRAWING CONTENT - PLANS

What type of information is shown in this !oor plan?- Opennings, walls and context- Existing features- Levels- References- Scale- Dimensions

Provide an example of the dimensions as they appear on this !oor plan. What units are used for the dimensions?

‘4020’ - millimeters

What system is used for identifying the grid lines? East - west: numbers North - south: letters

Why is some information found in General Notes?- !e information is needed to be applied to all the drawings.

What is the purpose of the legend?- Describing di"erent symbles showed on the drawings.

Why are some parts of the drawing annotated? Illustrate how the an-notations are associated with the relevant part of the drawing.- To specify the certain part of the drawing.

Illustrate how the locations of sections are identi"ed on the plan. What do these symbols mean?

Drawing number

Page number

Direction of the section

Illustrate how references to other drawings are shown on the plan. What do these symbols mean?Direction of the drawing

Drawing number

Page number

How are windows and doors identi"ed? Provide an example of each. Is there a rationnale to their numbering? What do these numbers mean? Can you "nd the answer somewhere in the drawings?- Doors: with letter ‘D’

Door’s number

Building/Floor reference

- Windows: with letter ‘W’

Window’s number

Building/Floor reference

!e information of the symbol can be found on the General Legend. !e num-ber of doors and windows is changing orderly with the place altering in order.

Illustrate how !oor levels are noted on the plan.- ‘ERC BUILDING LEVEL THREE’

Are some areas of the drawing clouded? Why?- !e areas have been changed from the original plan.

Clouded

3 DRAWING CONTENT - ELEVATIONS

What type of information is shown in this elevation? How does it di#er from the information shown on the plan?!e information shown:- !e dimensions- Title of elevation- Materials- Small features such as plasma screen

Di"erences:- Show the vertical dimension- More detail about dimensions, features, structure and materials- Only show a part of the plan

Are dimensions shown? If so, how do they di#er from the dimen-sions on the plan? Provide and example of the dimensions as they relate to the elevation.- !ey show more detail and speci#c number, such as the dimension of steel plate, as well as showing the vertical dimension.

Vertical dimension of door

What types of levels are shown on the elevations? Illustrate how lev-els are shown in telation to the elevation.

- !e elevation shows the features of level three and four, and the level is shown by the stairs.

Is there a grid? If so, how/where is it shown?- !e grid is shown above the drawings.

Is there a legend? What does it identify and how is it used?- It describes the detailed information of speci#c code that showed on the drawing. We should #nd the same type of code from the drawings and com-pare it with the legend.

What types of information on the elevations are expressed using words? Illustrate how this is done.- information of materials, #nishing structures and structures with scale.

Illustrate how the doors and windows are identi"ed on the eleva-tions.

Door

Window

Illustrate where this elevation is located in relation to the plan.

4 DRAWING CONTENT - SECTIONS

What type of information is shown in this section? How does it di#er from the information shown on the plan and elevation?Types of information:- Clouds- Speci#c area with dash line- Grid- Texture of constructing materials- Dimensions- Vertical structures

Di"erences:- Shows details of basement- Shows the texture of materials- More detailed and speci#c construction

Are dimensions shown? If so, how do they di#er from the dimensions on the elevation?- !e elevation shows dimensions of small details, but the section shows di-mensions of larger structures and basic structures.

Section Elevation

What types of information on the sections are expressed using words? Illustrate how this is done.Types of information:- Dimensions of small structures- Materials- Basic explaination- Finishes and existing structures

Illustrate how the section drawing di#erentiates between building elements that are cut through and those that are shown in elevation (beyond).-Building elements that are cut through

Heavy lines

- Beyond elements

Light lines

Provide examples of how di#erent materials are shown on the sections.- !e materials are pointed by the words and texture.

Find where this section is located on the plans.

!e section is on the area of A3 on the plan

Concrete

5 DRAWING CONTENT - DETAILS

What sorts of things are detailed?- !e drawings on the dotted boxes, which are usually complex struc-tures.

Are the details compressed using break lines? Why?- To omit the unimportant parts on the section, and magnify the im-portant and speci#c parts to show more details.

Provide examples of how di#erent materials are shown on drawings at this scale.- !e materials are shown by di"erent texture.

Concrete Loose insulation

Find the locations of these details on the plans, elevations and sec-tions.- Floor Penetration / Ceiling details

Section

Plan

E-learning Notes

-Compostie: two or more ma-terials combined in the way that the individual materials are easily distinguishable.

Monolothic Materials Composite

-single materials -or materials combined

Types of composites:-Fibrous-Laminar-Particulate-Hybrid

Concrete = cement + aggregates + water + admixtures(Plastic state Hardened state)

e103 - Materials: Concrete

e102 - Composite Actions Concrete columns

ReinforcementWhen the concrete beam is being made, steel bars are placed near the bottom surface of the form.

support area

Concrete - good at compression

Steel - good at ten-sile strength

protect steel from water and corro-sion

Vignettes - V3: !e Pantheon

Roma - Great TemplesPantheon: dedicated to all God

$e dome(concrete)

$e drum(Brick-face concrete)$e Portico

$e dome-based on a arcuated method of technology

Roman concrete VS Contemporary concrete

-large aggragate (pack together)

-liquid top material with small stone

Main types of concrete:-Opus incertum-Opus reticulatum- Opus testaceum

Footing - concrete with travertin & tufa aggregate(tough material, maximum strength)

Concrete with tufa & brick aggregate

Concrete with brick aggregate

Top of the dome - Oculus with brick compression ring

Concrete with volca-nic pumice aggregate

Changed aggregate (reduce dead-weight)

Constructing Journal <Week 5>

Working Drawing

DESCRIPTION / CLASSIFICATION / DIAGRAM OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS

a) Foundation & Footings- !is building does not have separate foundation system, the foundation is the level 1 and 2 that below the surface of the ground.

Foundation

b) Primary Structure (horizontal and vertical)- Concrete joist slab (Floor system)- Steel columns (Support roof)- Steel frame structure (Roof structure)

c) Secondary Structure (horizontal and vertical)- Fabricated steel window mullion- Cantilevered steel beams between the frame

Primary structure

Secondary structure

(Ching, 2008)

ReferenceChing, F. (2008). Building construction illustrated. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Constructing Journal <Week 6>

Studio Activity!e activity in the studio was making the structural model in scale, which including primary structure and secondary structure.

We decided to do the cantilivered roof structure on the third "oor of ERC. !e diagram below is the plan of roof view, which shows the basic structure of roof system.

Primary structure Secondary structure

We made the basic !oor and walls by cardboard "rst and did in scale of 1:50. #en we made the beams and column of the cantilever by using timber. We connected the structure by glue and tape.

Beam

Column

30 0

!ere will be "ve beam and column structures in the same size along this #oor.

When the force is applied to the structure, the #at beam will be supported by the column, and the tilted beam will get tension by the wall.

Timber WorkshopOn timber workshop, we were divided into three groups to make our own beam by using the timber bars and wooden board. !e purpose was to make the beam that could bear the largest force.

Each group had di"erent number of timber bars and wooden boards. In our group, we were suppose to use two timber bars and two wooden boards to make our beam.

Originally, our plan was to make the horizontal beam that showed be-low, which was like a sandwich that the tim-ber in the middle of the structure and wooden bars were connected at both ends.

Site view

Top view

We cut the timber and wooden boards somehow to make the main leghth become 1m, and then we kmew that we should not do that.

To !xing the two timber, we nailed two nails in each end of the bar on two sides.

"en we fastened the two wooden boards on the timber bars by nail. We only nail on one side of the board for 8 nails.

!e imageins show the "nal look of our beam, which like the ‘H’ on thwartwise direnction.

Nails were nailed on the wooden board side by side.

However, I don’t know why the plan was changed - the direc-tion of the beam was suddenly changed from horizontal way to vertival way. !is was not good for the bearing, because the wooden boards were wider than the timber bars. Also, as we cut the length of the beam, it was not enough for being the bridge.

As the wooden boards were wider than the timber bars, which looked like ‘H’, the force would be concentrated on the boards.

Force

!en the force applying process start-ed. Whild the force was increaseding, the force-applying object was tilted.

!e reason was because the nails only be nailed on one side of the board, therefore the ability of bearing forces was uneven in di"erent parts of the beam.

At last, the beam was broken.

From the image, it could be seen that the boards were bent on the place of loading.

From the place that the beam was broken, we can !nd that it related to the nail. "e !ssure goes through the nail, which means the nail was the centre of cracking. "erefore, the nail may weaken the ability of loading.

It can be seen from the top right image that the bend just only happen in one board. "en from the two bottom pic-tures, it can be recognized that the board with nail on it was the bending one, and the other board was almost #at.

From the result of the it, we could say the nail on the wood-en board cause the bending.

"e reason maybe because the nails fastened the board on the timber, thus the nail will disperse one part of the apply-ing force and disturbed the force distribution.