Construction, Maine · 55 Management of Companies and Enterprises 56 Administrative and Support and...

Maine

1997 Economic Census

Construction

Geographic Area Series

1997Issued March 2000

EC97C23A-ME

U.S. Department of CommerceEconomics and Statistics Administration

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Many persons participated in the variousactivities of the 1997 Economic Census forthe Construction sector. The EconomicCensus Staff of the Economic Planning andCoordination Division did the overall plan-ning and review of the census operations.

Manufacturing and Construction Divisionprepared this report. Judy M. Dodds,Assistant Chief for Census and RelatedPrograms, was responsible for the overallplanning, management, and coordination.Patricia L. Horning, Chief, Constructionand Minerals Branch, assisted byMichael A. Blake, Section Chief,performed the planning and implementa-tion. Carla M. Bailey, Nina S. Heggs,Donald G. Powers, Linda M. Taylor,and Robert A. Wright provided primarystaff assistance.

Brian Greenberg, Assistant Chief forResearch and Methodology Programs,assisted by Stacey Cole, Chief ofManufacturing Programs MethodologyBranch, and Robert Struble, SectionChief, provided the mathematical and sta-tistical techniques as well as the coverageoperations. Cathy Ritenour and JeffereyDalzell provided primary staff assistance.

Mendel D. Gayle, Chief, Forms, Publica-tions, and Customer Services Branch,assisted by Julius Smith Jr., and BarutiTaylor, Section Chiefs, performed overallcoordination of the publication process.Kim Credito, Patrick Duck, Wanda L.W.Sledd, and Veronica White providedprimary staff assistance.

The Economic Planning and CoordinationDivision, Lawrence A. Blum, AssistantChief for Collection Activities, andShirin A. Ahmed, Assistant chief, forPost-Collection Processing, was respon-sible for developing the systems andprocedures for mailout, receipt, correspon-dence, data input, industry classification,clerical processing, administrative-recordprocessing, and quality control.

The Economic Product Team, with primarycontributions from Keith Fuller,Andrew W. Hait, and Jennifer E. Lins,

was responsible for the development ofthe product creation system to support the1997 Economic Census product dissemina-tion.

The staff of the National Processing Center,Judith N. Petty, Chief, performed mailoutpreparation and receipt operations, clericaland analytical review activities, data key-ing, and geocoding review.

The Geography Division staff developedgeographic coding procedures and associ-ated computer programs.

The Economic Statistical Methods and Pro-gramming Division, Charles P. PautlerJr., Chief, developed and coordinated thecomputer processing systems. Martin S.Harahush, Assistant Chief for Quinquen-nial Programs, assisted by Barbara L.Lambert and Lisa Draper, was respon-sible for design and implementation of thecomputer systems. Samuel Rozenel,Chief, Current Construction Branch,Kevin J. Montgomery and Leonard S.Sammarco, Section Chiefs, supervised thepreparation of the computer programs.Jongmin Lee and Clifton D. Exleyprovided primary staff assistance.

Computer Services Division, DebraWilliams, Chief, performed the computerprocessing.

Kim D. Ottenstein and Bernadette J.Gayle of the Administrative andCustomer Services Division, Walter C.Odom, Chief, provided publications andprinting management, graphics design andcomposition, and editorial review for printand electronic media. General directionand production management were pro-vided by Michael G. Garland, AssistantDivision Chief, and Gary J. Lauffer, Chief,Publications Services Branch.

Special acknowledgment is also due themany businesses whose cooperation hascontributed to the publication of thesedata.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Maine

1997 Economic Census

Construction

Geographic Area Series

1997Issued March 2000

EC97C23A-ME

U.S. Department of CommerceWilliam M. Daley,

SecretaryRobert L. Mallett,

Deputy Secretary

Economicsand Statistics

AdministrationRobert J. Shapiro,Under Secretary for

Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAUKenneth Prewitt,

Director

Paula J. Schneider,Principal Associate Directorfor Programs

Frederick T. Knickerbocker,Associate Directorfor Economic Programs

Thomas L. Mesenbourg,Assistant Directorfor Economic Programs

William G. Bostic Jr.,Chief, Manufacturingand Construction Division

ECONOMICS

AND STATISTICS

ADMINISTRATION

Economicsand StatisticsAdministration

Robert J. Shapiro,Under Secretaryfor Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Kenneth Prewitt,Director

William G. Barron,Deputy Director

CONTENTS

Introduction to the Economic Census 1.............................

Construction 5..................................................

TABLES

1. Employment Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by State:1997 7...................................................

2. General Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by State:1997 9...................................................

3. Detailed Statistics for Establishments With Payroll: 1997 11......

4. Selected Statistics for Establishments With Payroll byEmployment Size Class: 1997 12............................

5. Selected Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by DollarValue of Business Done Size Class: 1997 12..................

6. Value of Construction Work for Establishments With Payroll byGeographic Location of Construction Work: 1997 13...........

7. Value of Construction Work for Establishments With Payroll byType of Construction: 1997 14...............................

8. Dollar Value of Business Done for Establishments With Payrollby Kind~of~Business Activity: 1997 15........................

APPENDIXES

A. Explanation of Terms A–1.....................................

B. NAICS Codes, Titles, and Descriptions B–1......................

C. Coverage and Methodology C–1................................

D. Geographic Notes ~~........................................

E. Metropolitan Areas ~~.......................................

~~ Not applicable for this report.

CONSTRUCTIONmGEOG. AREA SERIES MAINE iiiU.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Mar. 23, 2000

Introduction to the Economic Census

PURPOSES AND USES OF THE ECONOMIC CENSUS

The economic census is the major source of facts aboutthe structure and functioning of the Nation’s economy. Itprovides essential information for government, business,industry, and the general public. Title 13 of the UnitedStates Code (Sections 131, 191, and 224) directs the Cen-sus Bureau to take the economic census every 5 years,covering years ending in 2 and 7.

The economic census furnishes an important part of theframework for such composite measures as the grossdomestic product estimates, input/output measures, pro-duction and price indexes, and other statistical series thatmeasure short-term changes in economic conditions. Spe-cific uses of economic census data include the following:

• Policymaking agencies of the Federal Government usethe data to monitor economic activity and assess theeffectiveness of policies.

• State and local governments use the data to assessbusiness activities and tax bases within their jurisdic-tions and to develop programs to attract business.

• Trade associations study trends in their own and com-peting industries, which allows them to keep their mem-bers informed of market changes.

• Individual businesses use the data to locate potentialmarkets and to analyze their own production and salesperformance relative to industry or area averages.

ALL-NEW INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATIONS

Data from the 1997 Economic Census are published pri-marily on the basis of the North American Industry Classi-fication System (NAICS), unlike earlier censuses, whichwere published according to the Standard Industrial Classi-fication (SIC) system. NAICS is in the process of beingadopted in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Mosteconomic census reports cover one of the following NAICSsectors:

21 Mining22 Utilities23 Construction31-33 Manufacturing42 Wholesale Trade44-45 Retail Trade48-49 Transportation and Warehousing51 Information

52 Finance and Insurance53 Real Estate and Rental and Leasing54 Professional, Scientific, and Technical

Services55 Management of Companies and Enterprises56 Administrative and Support and Waste

Management and Remediation Services61 Educational Services62 Health Care and Social Assistance71 Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation72 Accommodation and Foodservices81 Other Services (except Public Administration)

(Not listed above are the Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, andHunting sector (NAICS 11), partially covered by the censusof agriculture conducted by the U.S. Department of Agri-culture, and the Public Administration sector (NAICS 92),covered by the census of governments conducted by theCensus Bureau.)

The 20 NAICS sectors are subdivided into 96 subsectors(three-digit codes), 313 industry groups (four-digit codes),and, as implemented in the United States, 1170 industries(five- and six-digit codes).

RELATIONSHIP TO SIC

While many of the individual NAICS industries corre-spond directly to industries as defined under the SIC sys-tem, most of the higher level groupings do not. Particularcare should be taken in comparing data for retail trade,wholesale trade, and manufacturing, which are sectortitles used in both NAICS and SIC, but cover somewhat dif-ferent groups of industries. The industry definitions dis-cuss the relationships between NAICS and SIC industries.Where changes are significant, it will not be possible toconstruct time series that include data for points bothbefore and after 1997.

For 1997, data for auxiliary establishments (those func-tioning primarily to manage, service, or support the activi-ties of their company’s operating establishments, such asa central administrative office or warehouse) will not beincluded in the sector-specific reports. These data will bepublished separately.

GEOGRAPHIC AREA CODING

Accurate and complete information on the physicallocation of each establishment is required to tabulate thecensus data for the states, metropolitan areas (MAs), coun-ties, parishes, and corporate municipalities including cit-ies, towns, villages, and boroughs. Respondents were

INTRODUCTION 11997 ECONOMIC CENSUS

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

required to report their physical location (street address,municipality, county, and state) if it differed from theirmailing address. For establishments not surveyed by mail(and those single-establishment companies that did notprovide acceptable information on physical location), loca-tion information from Internal Revenue Service tax formsis used as a basis for coding.

BASIS OF REPORTING

The economic census is conducted on an establishmentbasis. A company operating at more than one location isrequired to file a separate report for each store, factory,shop, or other location. Each establishment is assigned aseparate industry classification based on its primary activ-ity and not that of its parent company.

DOLLAR VALUES

All dollar values presented are expressed in current dol-lars; i.e., 1997 data are expressed in 1997 dollars, and1992 data, in 1992 dollars. Consequently, when makingcomparisons with prior years, users of the data shouldconsider the changes in prices that have occurred.

All dollar values are shown in thousands of dollars.

AVAILABILITY OF ADDITIONAL DATA

Reports in Print and Electronic Media

All results of the 1997 Economic Census are availableon the Census Bureau Internet site (www.census.gov) andon compact discs (CD-ROM) for sale by the Census Bureau.Unlike previous censuses, only selected highlights arepublished in printed reports. For more information, includ-ing a description of electronic and printed reports beingissued, see the Internet site, or write to U.S. CensusBureau, Washington, DC 20233-8300, or call CustomerServices at 301-457-4100.

Special Tabulations

Special tabulations of data collected in the 1997 Eco-nomic Census may be obtained, depending on availabilityof time and personnel, in electronic or tabular form. Thedata will be summaries subject to the same rules prohibit-ing disclosure of confidential information (including name,address, kind of business, or other data for individualbusiness establishments or companies) that govern theregular publications.

Special tabulations are prepared on a cost basis. Arequest for a cost estimate, as well as exact specificationson the type and format of the data to be provided, shouldbe directed to the Chief of the division named below, U.S.Census Bureau, Washington, DC 20233-8300. To discuss aspecial tabulation before submitting specifications, callthe appropriate division:

Manufacturing and Construction Division 301-457-4673Service Sector Statistics Division 301-457-2668

HISTORICAL INFORMATION

The economic census has been taken as an integratedprogram at 5-year intervals since 1967 and before that for1954, 1958, and 1963. Prior to that time, individual com-ponents of the economic census were taken separately atvarying intervals.

The economic census traces its beginnings to the 1810Decennial Census, when questions on manufacturing wereincluded with those for population. Coverage of economicactivities was expanded for the 1840 Decennial Censusand subsequent censuses to include mining and somecommercial activities. The 1905 Manufactures Census wasthe first time a census was taken apart from the regulardecennial population census. Censuses covering retail andwholesale trade and construction industries were added in1930, as were some covering service trades in 1933. Cen-suses of construction, manufacturing, and the other busi-ness service censuses were suspended during World WarII.

The 1954 Economic Census was the first census to befully integrated: providing comparable census data acrosseconomic sectors, using consistent time periods, con-cepts, definitions, classifications, and reporting units. Itwas the first census to be taken by mail, using lists offirms provided by the administrative records of other Fed-eral agencies. Since 1963, administrative records alsohave been used to provide basic statistics for very smallfirms, reducing or eliminating the need to send them cen-sus questionnaires.

The range of industries covered in the economic cen-suses expanded between 1967 and 1992. The census ofconstruction industries began on a regular basis in 1967,and the scope of service industries, introduced in 1933,was broadened in 1967, 1977, and 1987. While a fewtransportation industries were covered as early as 1963, itwas not until 1992 that the census broadened to includeall of transportation, communications, and utilities. Alsonew for 1992 was coverage of financial, insurance, andreal estate industries. With these additions, the economiccensus and the separate census of governments and cen-sus of agriculture collectively covered roughly 98 percentof all economic activity.

Printed statistical reports from the 1992 and earliercensuses provide historical figures for the study of long-term time series and are available in some large libraries.All of the census reports printed since 1967 are still avail-able for sale on microfiche from the Census Bureau.CD-ROMs issued from the 1987 and 1992 Economic Cen-suses contain databases including nearly all data pub-lished in print, plus additional statistics, such as ZIP Codestatistics, published only on CD-ROM.

2 INTRODUCTION 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS


SOURCES FOR MORE INFORMATION

More information about the scope, coverage, classifica-tion system, data items, and publications for each of theeconomic censuses and related surveys is published in theGuide to the 1997 Economic Census and Related Statisticsat www.census.gov/econguide. More information on themethodology, procedures, and history of the censuses willbe published in the History of the 1997 Economic Censusat www.census.gov/econ/www/history.html.

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

The following abbreviations and symbols are used withthe 1997 Economic Census data:

A Standard error of 100 percent or more.D Withheld to avoid disclosing data of individual

companies; data are included in higher leveltotals.

F Exceeds 100 percent because data includeestablishments with payroll exceeding rev-enue.

N Not available or not comparable.Q Revenue not collected at this level of detail for

multiestablishment firms.S Withheld because estimates did not meet

publication standards.

V Represents less than 50 vehicles or .05percent.

X Not applicable.Y Disclosure withheld because of insufficient

coverage of merchandise lines.Z Less than half the unit shown.a 0 to 19 employees.b 20 to 99 employees.c 100 to 249 employees.e 250 to 499 employees.f 500 to 999 employees.g 1,000 to 2,499 employees.h 2,500 to 4,999 employees.i 5,000 to 9,999 employees.j 10,000 to 24,999 employees.k 25,000 to 49,999 employees.l 50,000 to 99,999 employees.m 100,000 employees or more.p 10 to 19 percent estimated.q 20 to 29 percent estimated.r Revised.s Sampling error exceeds 40 percent.nec Not elsewhere classified.nsk Not specified by kind.– Represents zero (page image/print only).(CC) Consolidated city.(IC) Independent city.

INTRODUCTION 31997 ECONOMIC CENSUS


This page is intentionally blank.

4 INTRODUCTION 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS


Construction

SCOPE

Construction, sector 23, includes establishments prima-rily engaged in construction work that have one or morepaid employees. Construction work includes new con-struction work, additions, alterations, and repairs. Estab-lishments identified as construction management firms arealso included. The construction sector is divided into threetypes of activity or subsectors.

The Building, Developing, and General Contracting sub-sector includes establishments responsible for the con-struction of building projects. Builders, developers, andgeneral contractors, as well as land subdividers and landdevelopers are included in the subsector. The constructionwork may be done for others and performed by custombuilders, general contractors, design builders, or turnkeycontractors. This construction activity may be for sale asperformed by speculative or operative builders.

The Heavy Construction subsector includes establish-ments engaged in the construction of heavy engineeringand industrial projects (except buildings) such as high-ways, power plants, and pipelines. Establishments in thissubsector usually assume responsibility for entire non-building projects, but may subcontract some or all of theactual construction work. Special trade contractors areincluded in this group if they are engaged in activities pri-marily related to heavy construction such as grading forhighways. Kinds of establishments include heavy con-struction general contractors, and design builders.

The Special Trade Contractors subsector includes estab-lishments engaged in specialized construction activitiessuch as plumbing, painting, and electrical work. Theactivities in this subsector may be subcontracted frombuilders or general contractors, or the work may be per-formed directly for project owners. Special trade contrac-tors usually perform most of their work at the job site,although they may have shops where they perform prefab-rication and other work.

GENERAL

A list of publications that provide statistics on construc-tion, sector 23, follows.

Industry reports. There are 28 separate industryreports. They present data for a six-digit North AmericanIndustry Classification System (NAICS) industry. A descrip-tion of the particular NAICS industry may be found in

Appendix B. These reports include statistics such as num-ber of establishments, employment, payroll, value added,cost of materials, value of business done, and capitalexpenditures. Explanations of these and other terms maybe found in Appendix A. The industry reports also includeselected statistics for states.

Geographic area reports. There is a separate report foreach state, the District of Columbia, and the United States.They present statistics similar to the industry reports foreach state. They also present selected six-digit NAICS leveldata.

Subject reports. The Industry series, U.S. Summary, andGeographic Area series, U.S. Summary, reports presentselected statistics from the individual industry and geo-graphic area reports, as well as higher level aggregations.

GEOGRAPHIC AREAS COVERED

The area reports for the construction industries containstate and regional level data. No substate data are avail-able.

While most of the state data in the industry seriesreports are by physical location of the establishment,some data are available by reported location of the con-struction work.

The regions are made up of groups of states as follows:

NORTHEAST

ConnecticutMaineMassachusettsNew HampshireNew JerseyNew YorkPennsylvaniaRhode IslandVermont

MIDWEST

IllinoisIndianaIowaKansasMichiganMinnesotaMissouriNebraska

CONSTRUCTION 51997 ECONOMIC CENSUS


North DakotaOhioSouth DakotaWisconsin

SOUTH

AlabamaArkansasDelawareDistrict of ColumbiaFloridaGeorgiaKentuckyLouisianaMarylandMississippiNorth CarolinaOklahomaSouth CarolinaTennesseeTexasVirginiaWest Virginia

WEST

AlaskaArizonaCaliforniaColoradoHawaiiIdahoMontanaNevadaNew MexicoOregonUtahWashingtonWyoming

COMPARABILITY OF THE 1992 AND 1997 CENSUSES

The adoption of the North American Industry Classifica-tion System (NAICS) had a major impact on the compara-bility of data between the 1992 and 1997 censuses. Lessthan half of the industries in the construction sector ofNAICS have comparable industries in the Standard Indus-trial Classification (SIC) system that was used for past cen-suses. Because of the lack of comparable data, historicdata are not shown for this sector.

Lead paint removal and asbestos abatement left theconstruction sector with the introduction of NAICS. Manychanges took place within the sector, or from business

activity coming into the sector. Much of the change camefrom adding management services to each of the con-struction industries in the building, developing, and gen-eral contracting subsector and the heavy construction sub-sector. Also, land subdividers and developers, and rentalof construction equipment with an operator were added tothe sector.

Another change is that data for establishments with noemployees are no longer included in the constructionreports, but are available in other report series.

DISCLOSURE

In accordance with Federal law governing censusreports (Title 13 of the United States Code), no data arepublished that would disclose the operations of an indi-vidual establishment or company. However, the number ofestablishments classified in a specific industry or geogra-phy is not considered a disclosure, and may be releasedeven when other information is withheld. Suppressed dataare included in higher-level totals.

AVAILABILITY OF MORE FREQUENT ECONOMICDATA

The County Business Patterns program of the U.S. Cen-sus Bureau offers annual statistics on the number of estab-lishments, employment, and payroll classified by industrywithin each county and state.

The U.S. Census Bureau’s monthly ConstructionReports, Series C30, Value of New Construction Put inPlace contain data related to construction sector censusdata. The main difference is that the C30 series covers allnew construction put in place without regard to who isperforming the construction activity. The construction sec-tor census data covers both new construction and mainte-nance and repair work done by establishments classifiedin the construction industries. Significant amounts of con-struction are done by establishments classified outside ofconstruction (real estate, manufacturing, utilities, andcommunications, for example), as both ‘‘force account’’construction and construction done for others. In addition,the C30 series includes construction-related expensessuch as architectural and engineering costs and the costsof materials supplied by owners which are normally notreflected in construction sector census data.

Data contained in the 1997 construction sector mayalso differ from industry data in Employment and EarningsStatistics, published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics andStatistics of Income, published by the Internal RevenueService. These differences arise from varying definitions ofscope, coverage, timing, classification, and methodology.

6 CONSTRUCTION 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS


Table 1. Employment Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by State: 1997[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

NAICScode Industry

Number of employees Number of construction workers Payroll(thousand dollars)

Number ofestab~

lishments All

Con~structionworkers

Januaryto

March

Aprilto

June

Julyto

September

Octoberto

DecemberAll

employeesConstruction

workers

Relativestandard

error ofestimate(percent)

forcolumnm

A B C D E F G H I B

MAINE

23 Construction 4 249................ 25 157 19 821 16 363 20 412 21 955 20 553 662 422 484 190 2

233 Building, developing, & generalcontracting 1 278.......................... 5 913 4 306 3 720 4 354 4 654 4 494 142 870 90 972 5

2331 Land subdivision & land development 19. 64 17 17 16 17 18 3 018 564 Z23311 Land subdivision & land

development 19.................... 64 17 17 16 17 18 3 018 564 Z233110 Land subdivision & land

development 19.................. 64 17 17 16 17 18 3 018 564 Z

2332 Residential building construction 970...... 3 475 2 577 2 233 2 630 2 806 2 639 74 293 48 837 623321 Single~family housing construction 956.. 3 298 2 493 2 172 2 547 2 702 2 550 69 621 47 261 6233210 Single~family housing

construction 956................... 3 298 2 493 2 172 2 547 2 702 2 550 69 621 47 261 6

23322 Multifamily housing construction 15.... 177 84 61 83 104 89 4 672 1 576 14233220 Multifamily housing construction 15.. 177 84 61 83 104 89 4 672 1 576 14

2333 Nonresidential building construction 288... 2 374 1 712 1 471 1 708 1 831 1 838 65 558 41 571 923331 Mfg & industrial building

construction s50..................... 897 683 598 730 777 629 26 597 17 516 22233310 Mfg & industrial building

construction s50................... 897 683 598 730 777 629 26 597 17 516 22

23332 Commercial & institutional buildingconstruction 239..................... 1 477 1 029 873 979 1 055 1 209 38 961 24 054 12

233320 Commercial & institutional buildingconstruction 239................... 1 477 1 029 873 979 1 055 1 209 38 961 24 054 12

234 Heavy construction 250.................... 5 203 4 222 3 103 4 554 4 951 4 280 166 498 126 967 4

2341 Highway, street, bridge, & tunnelconstruction 57....................... 1 528 1 258 624 1 626 1 511 1 271 43 766 31 944 10

23411 Highway & street construction 47...... 954 772 389 871 982 844 28 126 20 287 17234110 Highway & street construction 47.... 954 772 389 871 982 844 28 126 20 287 17

23412 Bridge & tunnel construction 11........ 574 486 236 755 529 426 15 641 11 657 19234120 Bridge & tunnel construction 11...... 574 486 236 755 529 426 15 641 11 657 19

2349 Other heavy construction 193............ 3 675 2 964 2 479 2 928 3 440 3 010 122 732 95 023 523491 Water, sewer, & pipeline

construction 18..................... 364 305 209 322 372 318 14 166 10 587 14234910 Water, sewer, & pipeline

construction 18................... 364 305 209 322 372 318 14 166 10 587 14

23492 Power & communicationtransmission line construction 25..... 179 138 135 126 150 139 6 397 4 304 24

234920 Power & communicationtransmission line construction 25... 179 138 135 126 150 139 6 397 4 304 24

23493 Industrial nonbuilding structureconstruction 3..................... D D D D D D D D D

234930 Industrial nonbuilding structureconstruction 3................... D D D D D D D D D

23499 All other heavy construction 148........ D D D D D D D D D234990 All other heavy construction 148...... D D D D D D D D D

235 Special trade contractors 2 722.............. 14 041 11 293 9 539 11 503 12 350 11 778 353 054 266 251 3

2351 Plumbing, heating, & air~conditioningcontractors 552........................ 2 930 2 181 2 035 2 273 2 177 2 238 78 732 54 823 7

23511 Plumbing, heating, & air~conditioningcontractors 552...................... 2 930 2 181 2 035 2 273 2 177 2 238 78 732 54 823 7

235110 Plumbing, heating, & air~conditioning contractors 552........ 2 930 2 181 2 035 2 273 2 177 2 238 78 732 54 823 7

2352 Painting & wall covering contractors 186... 799 715 505 768 963 623 13 218 11 565 1323521 Painting & wall covering contractors 186. 799 715 505 768 963 623 13 218 11 565 13235210 Painting & wall covering

contractors 186.................... 799 715 505 768 963 623 13 218 11 565 13

2353 Electrical contractors 391................ 2 203 1 815 1 620 1 542 1 981 2 116 68 415 53 940 823531 Electrical contractors 391.............. 2 203 1 815 1 620 1 542 1 981 2 116 68 415 53 940 8235310 Electrical contractors 391............ 2 203 1 815 1 620 1 542 1 981 2 116 68 415 53 940 8

2354 Masonry, drywall, insulation, & tilecontractors 253........................ 1 574 1 351 1 082 1 487 1 449 1 385 31 165 25 052 15

23541 Masonry & stone contractors 140....... 546 466 293 561 513 496 10 782 8 707 11235410 Masonry & stone contractors 140..... 546 466 293 561 513 496 10 782 8 707 11

23542 Drywall, plastering, acoustical, &insulation contractors 108............. 1 010 872 777 913 923 877 19 902 16 025 23

235420 Drywall, plastering, acoustical, &insulation contractors 108........... 1 010 872 777 913 923 877 19 902 16 025 23

23543 Tile, marble, terrazzo, & mosaiccontractors s6......................

s19 13 s12 13 13 13 s481 s321 41235430 Tile, marble, terrazzo, & mosaic

contractors s6....................s19 13 s12 13 13 13 s481 s321 41

2355 Carpentry & floor contractors 511......... 1 297 1 011 955 968 1 023 1 098 28 259 21 495 1223551 Carpentry contractors 438............. 988 779 711 742 802 863 20 387 16 473 12235510 Carpentry contractors 438........... 988 779 711 742 802 863 20 387 16 473 12

23552 Floor laying & other floorcontractors 74...................... 309 232 244 226 221 235 7 872 5 022 27

235520 Floor laying & other floorcontractors 74.................... 309 232 244 226 221 235 7 872 5 022 27

CONSTRUCTIONmGEOG. AREA SERIES MAINE 7U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Mar. 23, 2000

Table 1. Employment Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by State: 1997mCon.[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

NAICScode Industry

Number of employees Number of construction workers Payroll(thousand dollars)

Number ofestab~

lishments All

Con~structionworkers

Januaryto

March

Aprilto

June

Julyto

September

Octoberto

DecemberAll

employeesConstruction

workers

Relativestandard

error ofestimate(percent)

forcolumnm

A B C D E F G H I B

MAINEmCon.

23 ConstructionmCon.

235 Special trade contractorsmCon.

2356 Roofing, siding, & sheet metalcontractors 67........................ 1 072 821 704 819 876 886 26 841 18 210 3

23561 Roofing, siding, & sheet metalcontractors 67...................... 1 072 821 704 819 876 886 26 841 18 210 3

235610 Roofing, siding, & sheet metalcontractors 67.................... 1 072 821 704 819 876 886 26 841 18 210 3

2357 Concrete contractors 188................ 793 686 365 736 934 711 17 072 14 278 1023571 Concrete contractors 188.............. 793 686 365 736 934 711 17 072 14 278 10235710 Concrete contractors 188............ 793 686 365 736 934 711 17 072 14 278 10

2358 Water well drilling contractors 48........ 138 95 92 91 95 102 2 557 2 051 523581 Water well drilling contractors 48...... 138 95 92 91 95 102 2 557 2 051 5235810 Water well drilling contractors 48.... 138 95 92 91 95 102 2 557 2 051 5

2359 Other special trade contractors 525....... 3 235 2 618 2 180 2 820 2 853 2 620 86 796 64 837 523591 Structural steel erection contractors 8. 77 66 50 61 76 78 1 806 1 400 14235910 Structural steel erection

contractors 8.................... 77 66 50 61 76 78 1 806 1 400 14

23592 Glass & glazing contractors 17........ 119 80 72 81 83 83 3 306 1 992 1235920 Glass & glazing contractors 17...... 119 80 72 81 83 83 3 306 1 992 1

23593 Excavation contractors 324............ 1 420 1 182 828 1 218 1 443 1 239 32 117 26 015 9235930 Excavation contractors 324.......... 1 420 1 182 828 1 218 1 443 1 239 32 117 26 015 9

23594 Wrecking & demolition contractors 8.. S S S S 18 S 401 281 S235940 Wrecking & demolition

contractors 8.................... S S S S 18 S 401 281 S

23595 Building equip & other machineryinstallation contractors 25............ 738 614 677 712 523 544 30 983 22 861 1

235950 Building equip & other machineryinstallation contractors 25.......... 738 614 677 712 523 544 30 983 22 861 1

23599 All other special trade contractors 142... 856 655 526 729 710 656 18 183 12 288 16235990 All other special trade contractors 142. 856 655 526 729 710 656 18 183 12 288 16

8 MAINE CONSTRUCTIONmGEOG. AREA SERIESU.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Mar. 23, 2000

Table 2. General Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by State: 1997[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

NAICScode Industry

Relativestandarderror ofestimate

(percent) forcolumnm

Value ofconstruction

work

Net value ofconstruction

workValueadded

Cost ofmaterials,

components,supplies,and fuels

Cost ofconstruction

worksubcontracted

out to others

Rentalcost of

machinery,equipment,

and buildings

Capitalexpenditures,

other thanland

End~of~yeargross book

value ofdepreciable

assets

A B C D E F G H B G

MAINE23 Construction 2 812 253.................. 2 241 511 1 380 544 930 220 570 742 49 892 79 993 723 102 2 5

233 Building, developing, & general contracting 948 124. 577 648 335 345 259 390 370 476 6 453 12 179 86 134 4 9

2331 Land subdivision & land development 7 476.... 6 007 5 777 1 206 1 469 37 192 930 Z Z23311 Land subdivision & land development 7 476.. 6 007 5 777 1 206 1 469 37 192 930 Z Z233110 Land subdivision & land

development 7 476.................... 6 007 5 777 1 206 1 469 37 192 930 Z Z

2332 Residential building construction 482 622........ 340 248 185 231 160 730 142 374 2 306 5 917 39 544 6 923321 Single~family housing construction 451 089..... 318 170 173 676 150 207 132 919 2 223 5 575 38 635 6 9233210 Single~family housing construction 451 089... 318 170 173 676 150 207 132 919 2 223 5 575 38 635 6 9

23322 Multifamily housing construction 31 533....... 22 078 11 554 10 523 9 455 s82 342 910 20 25233220 Multifamily housing construction 31 533..... 22 078 11 554 10 523 9 455 s82 342 910 20 25

2333 Nonresidential building construction 458 026..... 231 393 144 338 97 454 226 633 4 111 6 070 45 660 7 1623331 Mfg & industrial building construction s152 176.. 68 890 51 348 24 307 s83 286 1 990 1 285 18 950 18 29233310 Mfg & industrial building

construction s152 176..................... 68 890 51 348 24 307 s83 286 1 990 1 285 18 950 18 29

23332 Commercial & institutional buildingconstruction 305 850....................... 162 503 92 989 73 147 143 347 2 121 4 785 26 710 11 19

233320 Commercial & institutional buildingconstruction 305 850..................... 162 503 92 989 73 147 143 347 2 121 4 785 26 710 11 19

234 Heavy construction 641 191...................... 518 820 325 743 213 599 122 371 20 878 31 034 305 209 3 12

2341 Highway, street, bridge, & tunnelconstruction 174 087......................... 145 774 88 614 D 28 314 4 227 7 078 97 777 7 17

23411 Highway & street construction 108 824........ 92 475 57 635 42 708 S 2 934 5 780 78 750 12 21234110 Highway & street construction 108 824...... 92 475 57 635 42 708 S 2 934 5 780 78 750 12 21

23412 Bridge & tunnel construction 65 263.......... 53 298 30 980 D 11 964 1 293 1 298 19 027 22 2234120 Bridge & tunnel construction 65 263........ 53 298 30 980 D 11 964 1 293 1 298 19 027 22 2

2349 Other heavy construction 467 104............... 373 046 237 128 D 94 057 16 651 23 956 207 432 4 1523491 Water, sewer, & pipeline construction 55 883.. 46 261 32 976 13 285 9 622 s2 936 3 055 40 461 21 9234910 Water, sewer, & pipeline

construction 55 883..................... 46 261 32 976 13 285 9 622 s2 936 3 055 40 461 21 9

23492 Power & communication transmissionline construction D................... D 19 646 D 6 884 1 160 s837 18 302 D 59

234920 Power & communication transmissionline construction D................. D 19 646 D 6 884 1 160 s837 18 302 D 59

23493 Industrial nonbuilding structureconstruction D....................... D D D D D D D D D

234930 Industrial nonbuilding structureconstruction D..................... D D D D D D D D D

23499 All other heavy construction D.......... D D D D D D D D D234990 All other heavy construction D........ D D D D D D D D D

235 Special trade contractors 1 222 938................. 1 145 043 719 456 457 231 77 896 22 561 36 780 331 758 4 6

2351 Plumbing, heating, & air~conditioningcontractors 271 742.......................... 249 405 145 708 109 332 22 336 2 897 3 967 49 777 6 16

23511 Plumbing, heating, & air~conditioningcontractors 271 742........................ 249 405 145 708 109 332 22 336 2 897 3 967 49 777 6 16

235110 Plumbing, heating, & air~conditioningcontractors 271 742...................... 249 405 145 708 109 332 22 336 2 897 3 967 49 777 6 16

2352 Painting & wall covering contractors 43 355..... 41 566 28 810 12 756 1 789 863 S 8 609 16 S23521 Painting & wall covering contractors 43 355... 41 566 28 810 12 756 1 789 863 S 8 609 16 S235210 Painting & wall covering contractors 43 355. 41 566 28 810 12 756 1 789 863 S 8 609 16 S

2353 Electrical contractors 218 847.................. 212 496 110 409 106 385 6 350 3 106 3 793 23 589 12 2523531 Electrical contractors 218 847................ 212 496 110 409 106 385 6 350 3 106 3 793 23 589 12 25235310 Electrical contractors 218 847.............. 212 496 110 409 106 385 6 350 3 106 3 793 23 589 12 25

2354 Masonry, drywall, insulation, & tilecontractors 99 662.......................... 91 660 56 138 35 522 8 001 1 810 1 921 16 288 11 17

23541 Masonry & stone contractors 30 277......... 29 303 16 644 12 659 s974 637 962 6 168 13 20235410 Masonry & stone contractors 30 277....... 29 303 16 644 12 659 s974 637 962 6 168 13 20

23542 Drywall, plastering, acoustical, &insulation contractors 67 099............... 60 183 38 254 21 929 6 916 1 101 800 9 580 16 32

235420 Drywall, plastering, acoustical, &insulation contractors 67 099............. 60 183 38 254 21 929 6 916 1 101 800 9 580 16 32

23543 Tile, marble, terrazzo, & mosaiccontractors s2 286........................

s2 175 s1 240 s935 s112 s72 s159 s540 42 47235430 Tile, marble, terrazzo, & mosaic

contractors s2 286......................s2 175 s1 240 s935 s112 s72 s159 s540 42 47

2355 Carpentry & floor contractors 126 556........... 112 666 73 597 D 13 890 s1 448 1 593 15 856 11 3723551 Carpentry contractors 98 077................ 88 560 58 273 31 071 9 517 565 s1 350 13 074 13 44235510 Carpentry contractors 98 077.............. 88 560 58 273 31 071 9 517 565 s1 350 13 074 13 44

23552 Floor laying & other floor contractors 28 478... 24 106 15 324 D 4 372 s883 244 2 781 14 7235520 Floor laying & other floor contractors 28 478. 24 106 15 324 D 4 372 s883 244 2 781 14 7

2356 Roofing, siding, & sheet metalcontractors 92 888.......................... 89 521 54 047 36 866 3 367 1 528 2 624 28 063 3 11

23561 Roofing, siding, & sheet metalcontractors 92 888........................ 89 521 54 047 36 866 3 367 1 528 2 624 28 063 3 11

235610 Roofing, siding, & sheet metalcontractors 92 888...................... 89 521 54 047 36 866 3 367 1 528 2 624 28 063 3 11

2357 Concrete contractors 61 967.................. 61 292 37 932 30 553 675 s1 576 2 580 29 633 14 2923571 Concrete contractors 61 967................ 61 292 37 932 30 553 675 s1 576 2 580 29 633 14 29235710 Concrete contractors 61 967.............. 61 292 37 932 30 553 675 s1 576 2 580 29 633 14 29

2358 Water well drilling contractors 10 917........... 10 401 6 605 D 516 151 1 168 8 274 15 2723581 Water well drilling contractors 10 917......... 10 401 6 605 D 516 151 1 168 8 274 15 27235810 Water well drilling contractors 10 917....... 10 401 6 605 D 516 151 1 168 8 274 15 27


Table 2. General Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by State: 1997mCon.[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

NAICScode Industry




work


workValueadded

Cost ofmaterials,


Cost ofconstruction

worksubcontracted

out to others

Rentalcost of

machinery,equipment,

and buildings

Capitalexpenditures,

other thanland

End~of~yeargross book

value ofdepreciable

assets

A B C D E F G H B G

MAINEmCon.

23 ConstructionmCon.

235 Special trade contractorsmCon.

2359 Other special trade contractors 297 007......... 276 034 206 210 D 20 972 9 182 17 318 151 670 8 1023591 Structural steel erection contractors 7 967... 7 701 5 338 2 363 266 335 79 664 3 4235910 Structural steel erection contractors 7 967. 7 701 5 338 2 363 266 335 79 664 3 4

23592 Glass & glazing contractors 13 506.......... 13 445 6 259 7 965 61 345 83 1 241 2 27235920 Glass & glazing contractors 13 506........ 13 445 6 259 7 965 61 345 83 1 241 2 27

23593 Excavation contractors 131 716............... 119 466 95 027 32 367 12 250 3 988 13 000 118 247 8 12235930 Excavation contractors 131 716............. 119 466 95 027 32 367 12 250 3 988 13 000 118 247 8 12

23594 Wrecking & demolition contractors 2 753.... D 1 453 948 D D S S D S235940 Wrecking & demolition contractors 2 753.. D 1 453 948 D D S S D S

23595 Building equip & other machineryinstallation contractors 54 556.............. D 47 977 4 537 D 2 407 312 5 093 D Z

235950 Building equip & other machineryinstallation contractors 54 556............ D 47 977 4 537 D 2 407 312 5 093 D Z

23599 All other special trade contractors 86 509..... D 50 155 D D D 3 755 25 547 D 25235990 All other special trade contractors 86 509... D 50 155 D D D 3 755 25 547 D 25


Table 3. Detailed Statistics for Establishments With Payroll: 1997[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

Item

Value

Relativestandard error

of estimate(percent)

MAINE

Number of establishments in business during year 4 249............ 1

Number of proprietors and working partners 1 676.................. 6

Total number of employees 25 157................................. 2

Number of construction workers in March 16 363.................... 3Number of construction workers in May 20 412...................... 2Number of construction workers in August 21 955.................... 2Number of construction workers in November 20 553................. 2Average number of construction workers 19 821..................... 2

Number of other employees in March 5 381........................ 3Number of other employees in May 5 334.......................... 3Number of other employees in August 5 410....................... 4Number of other employees in November 5 220.................... 3Average number of other employees 5 336........................ 3

Payroll, all employees 662 422..................................... 2Payroll, construction workers 484 190............................. 2Payroll, other employees 178 232................................. 3

First~quarter payroll, all employees 131 218.......................... 2

Fringe benefits, all employees 145 763.............................. 2Legally required expenditures 99 431............................. 2Voluntary expenditures 46 332.................................. 3

Value of business done 2 881 506.................................... 3Value of construction work 2 812 253............................... 3

Value of construction work subcontracted in from others 729 034... 5Other business receipts 69 253.................................. 10

Net value of construction 2 241 511................................... 2

Value added 1 380 544.............................................. 2

Selected costs 1 500 962............................................ 4Cost of materials, components, and supplies 872 998............... 3Cost of construction work subcontracted out to others 570 742........ 9

Item

Value

Relativestandard error

of estimate(percent)

MAINEmCon.Selected costsmCon.

Cost of selected power, fuels, and lubricants 57 222................ 3Cost of electricity 6 941...................................... 5Cost of natural gas and manufactured gas 1 516................ 9Cost of gasoline and diesel fuel 43 420......................... 4

Cost of on~highway use of gasoline and diesel fuel 31 956...... 5Cost of off~highway use of gasoline and diesel fuel 11 463...... 5

Cost of all other fuels and lubricants 5 346..................... 7

Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and buildings 49 892........... 5Rental cost for machinery and equipment 37 764.................. 7Rental cost for buildings 12 127.................................. 6

Selected purchased services 67 405............................... 3Purchased communication services 17 547....................... 6Cost of repairs to buildings and other structures 4 363............. 11Cost of repairs to machinery and equipment 45 494................ 3

Value of construction work 2 812 253................................. 3Value of construction work on government owned projects 605 185... 5

Value of construction work on federally owned projects 92 981.... 8Value of construction work on state and locally ownedprojects 512 204............................................. 6

Value of construction work on privately owned projects 2 207 068....... 3

Beginning~of~year gross book value of depreciable assets 667 103...... 3Capital expenditures, other than land 79 993...................... 5Retirements and disposition of depreciable assets 23 994........... 12

End~of~year gross book value of depreciable assets 723 102........... 3

Depreciation charges during year 72 348........................... 5

Number of establishments with inventories 1 163................... 7Value of construction work for establishments with inventories 1 330 833.. 4

End of 1997, inventories of materials and supplies 36 645........... 14End of 1996, inventories of materials and supplies 35 395........... 13

Number of establishments with no inventories 1 617................ 7Value of construction work for establishments with noinventories 932 464.............................................. 9

Number of establishments not reporting inventories 1 469............ 6Value of construction work for establishments not reportinginventories 548 957.............................................. 6


Table 4. Selected Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by Employment Size Class: 1997[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

Employment size class



Number ofestab~

lishments

Totalnumber

of em~

ployeesTotal

payroll

Dollar valueof

business done


work


workValueadded

Cost ofmaterials,


Cost ofconstruction

worksubcontracted

out to others

A B C D E F G H I B F

MAINE

Total 4 249................... 25 157 662 422 2 881 506 2 812 253 2 241 511 1 380 544 930 220 570 742 2 2

Establishments with 1 to 4employees 3 020..................... 5 448 97 317 578 112 568 796 482 317 294 400 197 232 86 479 5 5

Establishments with 5 to 9employees 698..................... 4 527 99 551 450 895 436 880 371 801 236 223 149 593 65 080 10 9




Establishments with 100 to 249employees 13..................... 2 081 65 768 D 217 592 D 121 629 71 600 D Z D

Establishments with 250 to 499employees 1..................... D D D D D D D D D D

Establishments with 500 to 999employees 1..................... D D D D D D D D D D

Establishments with 1,000employees or more 1............. D D D D D D D D D D

Table 5. Selected Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by Dollar Value of Business DoneSize Class: 1997

[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

Dollar value size class



Number ofestab~

lishments

Totalnumber

of em~

ployeesTotal

payroll

Dollar valueof

business done


work


workValueadded

Cost ofmaterials,


Cost ofconstruction

worksubcontracted

out to others

A B C D E F G H I B F

MAINE

Total 4 249................... 25 157 662 422 2 881 506 2 812 253 2 241 511 1 380 544 930 220 570 742 2 2

Establishments withvalue of business done less than $25,000 202.............. S S S S S S S S S S

Establishments withvalue of business done $25,000 to $49,999 275............. S S S S S S S S S S

Establishments withvalue of business done $50,000 to $99,999 661............. 918 12 098 S S S S S S 16 S

Establishments withvalue of business done $100,000 to $249,999 1 228.......... 2 772 42 462 193 189 189 079 177 590 108 574 73 126 11 489 11 9

Establishments withvalue of business done $250,000 to $499,999 819.......... 3 038 58 832 290 895 286 979 251 591 151 367 104 140 35 388 11 11

Establishments withvalue of business done $500,000 to $999,999 549.......... 3 982 90 869 367 868 356 143 311 536 207 513 115 747 44 608 11 11

Establishments withvalue of business done $1,000,000 to $2,499,999 300....... 3 772 101 506 471 620 452 878 362 080 224 157 156 665 90 798 10 10



Establishments withvalue of business done $10,000,000 or more 32........... 4 778 178 901 707 456 693 830 479 042 298 203 194 465 214 788 3 3


Table 6. Value of Construction Work for Establishments With Payroll by Geographic Locationof Construction Work: 1997

[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. This table presents selected statistics for establishments according to the geographic location of construction work. Data are not shown for those geographiclocations in which construction work is relatively insignificant. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

Geographic location of construction work Value of construction work Relative standard error of estimate (percent)

MAINE

Total 2 812 253.................................................................. 3

Construction work done in Connecticut 35 751............................................ 2Construction work done in Maine 2 518 539................................................. 3Construction work done in Massachusetts 40 747......................................... 11Construction work done in New Hampshire 93 960......................................... 9


Table 7. Value of Construction Work for Establishments With Payroll by Type of Construction:1997


Type of construction

Value of construction work

Relative standard error of estimate(percent) for columnm

TotalNew

construction

Additions,alterations, orreconstruction

Maintenanceand repair

A B C D A B C D

MAINE

Total 2 812 253.................................................... 1 378 732 896 942 501 813 3 3 7 5

Building construction, total 2 026 318................................. 998 215 677 279 350 824 4 4 9 7Single~family houses, detached and attached 772 629......................... 429 414 236 937 106 278 5 6 8 10

Single~family houses, detached 724 840................................... 403 866 224 923 96 051 5 7 8 10Single~family houses, attached 47 790.................................... 25 548 12 014 10 227 15 18 27 23

Apartment buildings, apartment type condominiums and cooperatives 97 650.... 40 049 28 086 29 516 11 12 12 26Manufacturing and light industrial buildings 346 752........................... 113 886 136 346 96 520 14 5 33 8Manufacturing and light industrial warehouses 42 482......................... 21 669 10 300 10 513 18 25 25 26Hotels and motels 27 892................................................. 14 612 6 235 7 044 10 11 9 32Office buildings 147 044.................................................... 78 715 45 489 22 840 9 15 7 12All other commercial buildings, nec 188 801.................................. 103 724 51 900 33 177 8 11 7 16Religious buildings 35 024.................................................

s21 209 5 659 8 156 33 53 26 27Educational buildings 140 551.............................................. 81 589 46 052 12 910 16 20 18 20Health care and institutional buildings 110 619................................ 45 076 S 11 718 11 9 S 19Amusement, social, and recreational buildings 21 160........................ 16 546 2 825 s1 789 23 28 22 56Other building construction 95 713......................................... 31 726 S 10 362 25 10 S 17

Nonbuilding construction, total 751 170............................. 380 518 219 662 150 990 3 6 7 5Highways, streets, and related work 157 631................................. 60 538 67 676 29 418 10 15 11 12Private driveways and parking areas 51 943................................. 33 887 10 993 7 064 10 12 11 23Bridges, tunnels, and elevated highways 108 828............................. 53 866 34 408 20 555 4 5 15 5Sewers, water mains, and related facilities 123 912............................ 59 910 42 093 21 909 12 10 28 18

Sewers, sewer lines, septic systems, and related facilities 79 317............ 37 775 26 509 15 033 14 11 33 18Water mains and related facilities 44 594.................................. 22 135 15 584 6 876 12 13 22 28

Power and communication transmission lines, cables, towers, and relatedfacilities 37 456......................................................... 21 128 4 407 11 922 13 21 27 5

Sewage and water treatment plants 60 185.................................. 39 072 18 663 2 450 4 6 6 15Sewage treatment plants 27 853......................................... 20 228 7 245 380 4 6 4 17Water treatment plants 32 332........................................... 18 844 11 418 2 069 5 6 7 15

Dry/solid waste disposal 30 378............................................ D 6 876 D 1 D 4 DOutdoor swimming pools s28 663........................................... D 148 D 64 D 34 DOther nonbuilding construction, nec 152 173.................................. 66 478 34 400 51 295 3 4 3 6

Construction work, nsk 34 765..................................... X X X 2 X X X


Table 8. Dollar Value of Business Done for Establishments With Payroll by Kind~of~BusinessActivity: 1997


Primary and other kinds of business activitiesDollar value of business done

Relative standard error of estimate(percent)

MAINE

Total 2 881 506................................................................................................ 3

Building, developing, and general contracting, total 872 808...................................................... 7Building construction on land owned by othersmgeneral contractor or design~builder 636 801.................................. 10Building construction on land owned by you, for sale 60 779.............................................................. 23Remodelingmgeneral contractor or design~builder 175 228................................................................ 8

Heavy construction, total 616 134............................................................................... 2Blasting contractor, except building demolition 40 136.................................................................... 27Excavation work, earthmoving or land clearing contractor, not connected with buildings 111 428................................ 10Heavy construction contractor 326 274.................................................................................. 3Highway and street general contractor 79 257........................................................................... 10Paving contractormasphalt or concrete for highways, streets, or airport runways 59 039...................................... 16

Special trade contractors, total 883 641......................................................................... 4Architectural sheet metal contractor, including gutters and downspouts 4 352.............................................. 21Asphalt contractor, private driveways and parking areas 27 633........................................................... 18Carpentry contractor 82 169.......................................................................................... 13Drywall contractor 40 221............................................................................................. 23Electric power installation and service contractor, including lighting 172 490.................................................. 13Excavation work: earthmoving or land clearing contractor, connected with buildings 102 577................................... 7Heating, ventilation and air~conditioning contractor (HVAC) 98 249......................................................... 13Insulation contractor 19 538.......................................................................................... 37Masonry contractor: brick or block 21 164.............................................................................. 11Mechanical contractor 39 832......................................................................................... 10

Millwright and machine rigging contractor 49 783........................................................................ ZPainting contractor 37 402............................................................................................ 18Plumbing contractor 86 349........................................................................................... 12Roofing contractor 54 295............................................................................................ 20Siding contractor 18 787.............................................................................................. 35Swimming pool contractor s28 799...................................................................................... 64

Other construction activities, nec 423 049................................................................................ 5

Other business activities secondary to construction activities, total 68 431....................................... 10Other business activities, secondary to construction activities, nec 68 431.................................................. 10

Kind of business activity, nsk 17 444................................................................................... 1


Appendix A.Explanation of Terms

ALL EMPLOYEES

Comprise all full-time and part-time employees on thepayrolls of construction establishments, who worked orreceived pay for any part of the pay period including the12th of March, May, August, and November. Included areall persons on paid sick leave, paid holidays, and paidvacations during these pay periods. Officers of corpora-tions are included, but proprietors and partners of unin-corporated firms are not. Number of employees is the sumof all employees during the pay periods including the 12thof March, May, August, and November, divided by 4.

BEGINNING-OF-YEAR GROSS BOOK VALUE OFDEPRECIABLE ASSETS ($1,000)

Gross value of depreciable assets, usually original costsof the assets, at the beginning of the year. Depreciableassets are the fixed tangible property of the establishmentfor which depreciation accounts are ordinarily maintained.

BEGINNING-OF-YEAR INVENTORIES OF MATERIALSAND SUPPLIES ($1,000)

The inventories of materials and supplies owned at thebeginning of the reporting year by establishments withpayroll. Includes all of the materials and supplies that areowned regardless of where they are held. Excludes materi-als that are owned by others but held by the reportingestablishment. Builders who built on their own account forsale were requested to exclude work in progress and fin-ished units not sold from inventories. Inventories of multi-establishment companies were instructed to be reportedby the establishment that is responsible for the invento-ries, even if these inventories were held at a separate loca-tion.

CAPITAL EXPENDITURES, OTHER THAN LAND($1,000)

Capital expenditures are those that were or will becharged to the fixed assets accounts and for which depre-ciation accounts are ordinarily maintained. Includes thecost of capital improvements that were made during theyear that increased the value of property or adapted it foranother use. Capital expenditures for leasehold improve-ments made to property leased from others are alsoincluded. Land expenditures are not included as capitalexpenditures. If any building or equipment had beenacquired under a capital leasing arrangement that meet

the criteria set down by the Financial Accounting Stan-dards Board (FASB), respondents were instructed to reportthe original cost or market value as a fixed asset and as acapital expenditure, if acquired in the reporting year. If thelease qualified as an operating lease, respondents wereinstructed not to include the value of the building andequipment as a fixed asset or capital expenditure. If capi-tal expenditures were not recorded directly at the estab-lishment level but handled centrally at a company or divi-sion level, respondents were requested to reportappropriate estimates for the individual establishments.

CONSTRUCTION WORKERS

Includes all payroll workers up through the workingsupervisor level directly engaged in construction opera-tions, such as painters, carpenters, plumbers, and electri-cians. Included are journeymen, mechanics, apprentices,laborers, truck drivers and helpers, equipment operators,and on-site record keepers and security guards. Supervi-sory employees above the working foreman level areexcluded from this category and are included in the otheremployees category.

COST OF ALL OTHER FUELS AND LUBRICANTS($1,000)

Costs for fuels and lubricants purchased during theyear from other companies or received from other estab-lishments of the company and not included as costs in anyof these categories: natural gas; manufactured gas; gaso-line; and diesel fuel.

COST OF CONSTRUCTION WORK SUBCONTRACTEDOUT TO OTHERS ($1,000)

All costs for construction work subcontracted out toother construction contractors during the reporting year.Excluded from this item are costs to the reporting estab-lishment for its purchases of materials, components, andsupplies provided to a subcontractor for use, such costsare reported under costs for materials, components, andsupplies. Also excluded are costs for the rental of machin-ery or equipment.

COST OF ELECTRICITY ($1,000)

Costs for electric energy purchased during the yearfrom other companies or received from other establish-ments of the company.

APPENDIX A A–1CONSTRUCTION


COST OF GASOLINE AND DIESEL FUEL ($1,000)

Costs for gasoline and diesel fuel purchased during theyear from other companies or received from other estab-lishments of the company.

COST OF OFF-HIGHWAY USE OF GASOLINE ANDDIESEL FUEL ($1,000)

Includes the costs for gasoline and diesel fuel pur-chased during the reporting year for off-highway use. Off-highway fuel use is the use of fuel for trade, business, orincome producing activity. In most cases, off-highway fueluse does not include use in a highway vehicle registeredor required to be registered for use on public highways.

COST OF ON-HIGHWAY USE OF GASOLINE ANDDIESEL FUEL ($1,000)

Costs for gasoline and diesel fuel purchased during theyear to fuel highway vehicles. A highway vehicle is anyself-propelled vehicle designed to carry a load over publichighways, whether or not also designed to perform otherfunctions. Examples of vehicles designed to carry a loadover public highways are passenger automobiles, trucks,and truck tractors. If a vehicle can be used for a combina-tion of on-highway and off-highway uses and has one fueltank, the fuel use is not considered off-highway. Anexample of this is a concrete-mixer truck where the truckengine operates both the engine and the mixing unit by apower take-off and is fueled by a single tank. None of thefuel used in this vehicle is off-highway because of theon-highway use. If the vehicle has separate fuel tanks andengines, the fuel in a tank used for non-highway use maybe considered off-highway use.

COSTS OF MATERIALS, COMPONENTS, ANDSUPPLIES ($1,000)

Includes the costs for materials, components, and sup-plies used by establishments in the construction or recon-struction of buildings, structures, or other facilities andcosts for materials bought and resold to others. Alsoincludes costs made for direct purchases of materials,components, and supplies even though the purchaseswere subsequently provided to subcontractors for theiruse. Supplies include expendable tools which are chargedto current accounts. Freight and other direct charges rep-resenting only that amount paid after discounts, and thevalue of materials, components, and supplies obtainedfrom other establishments of the respondent’s company.Excluded from this item are the cost of fuels, lubricants,electric energy, industrial and other specialized machineryand equipment such as printing presses; computer sys-tems, that are not an integral part of a structure; andmaterials furnished to contractors by the owners ofprojects.

COST OF MATERIALS, COMPONENTS, SUPPLIES,AND FUELS ($1,000)

Includes the costs for materials, components, suppliesused by establishments in the construction or reconstruc-tion of buildings, structures, or other facilities and costsfor materials bought and resold to others. Also includesthe costs for fuels that include gasoline, diesel fuel, andlubricants, and electric energy purchased during the yearfrom other companies for received from other establish-ments of the company and costs for natural and manufac-tured gas, fuel oil, coal and coke products. Excluded fromthis item are industrial and other specialized machineryand equipment, such as printing presses; computer sys-tems, that are not an integral part of a structure; materialsfurnished to contractors by the owners of projects.

COST OF NATURAL GAS AND MANUFACTURED GAS($1,000)

Costs for natural gas and manufactured gas purchasedduring the year from other companies or received fromother establishments of the company.

COST OF REPAIRS TO BUILDING AND OTHERSTRUCTURES ($1,000)

Includes the cost of all repairs made to structures byoutside companies or from other establishments of thesame company. It includes only the cost of repairs neces-sary to maintain property. It excludes the cost of improve-ments that increase the value of property or the cost ofadapting it for another use. Such costs are included incapital expenditures.

COST OF REPAIRS TO MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT($1,000)

Includes the cost of all repairs made to machinery andequipment by outside companies or from other establish-ments of the same company. It includes only the cost ofrepairs necessary to maintain the machinery.

COST OF SELECTED POWER, FUELS, ANDLUBRICANTS ($1,000)

Included are costs for fuels including gasoline, dieselfuel, and lubricants, and electric energy purchased duringthe year from other companies or received from otherestablishments of the company. Also included are costsfor natural gas, manufactured gas, fuel oil, coal and cokeproducts.

DEPRECIATION CHARGES DURING YEAR ($1,000)

The depreciation expenses of the establishment in thereporting year. These expenses are charged against depre-ciable assets which are the fixed tangible property of theestablishment for which depreciation accounts are ordi-narily maintained.

A–2 APPENDIX A CONSTRUCTION


DOLLAR VALUE SIZE CLASS

Displays data for establishments with payroll that fallwithin each range of value of business done.

END-OF-YEAR GROSS BOOK VALUE OF DEPRECIABLEASSETS ($1,000)

The gross value of depreciable assets, plus any capitalexpenditures for new and use depreciable assets in thereporting year, minus the gross value of depreciable assetssold, retired, scrapped, destroyed, etc. in the reportingyear.

END-OF-YEAR INVENTORIES OF MATERIALS ANDSUPPLIES ($1,000)

The inventories of materials and supplies owned at theend of the reporting year by establishments with payroll.Includes all of the materials and supplies that are ownedregardless of where they are held. Excludes materialswhich are owned by others but held by the reportingestablishment. Builders who build on their own accountfor sale were requested to exclude work in progress andfinished units not sold from inventories. Inventories ofmultiestablishment companies were instructed to bereported by the establishment that is responsible for theinventories even if these inventories were held at a sepa-rate location.

FIRST-QUARTER PAYROLL ($1,000)

Includes the gross earnings paid in the first quarter ofthe reporting year to all employees on the payroll of con-struction establishments. The first-quarter payroll periodis January through March. Includes all forms of compensa-tion such as salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay,bonuses, vacation and sick leave pay, prior to such deduc-tions as employees’ Social Security contributions, with-holding taxes, group insurance, union dues, and savingsbonds. Includes salaries of officers of these establish-ments, if a corporation, but excludes payments to the pro-prietor or partners, if unincorporated.

FRINGE BENEFITS ($1,000)

Includes expenditures made by the employer for legallyrequired and voluntary fringe benefit programs foremployees.

LEGALLY REQUIRED EXPENDITURES ($1,000)

Includes expenditures made by the employer for SocialSecurity contributions, unemployment compensation,workman’s compensation, and state temporary disabilitypayments.

LOCATION OF CONSTRUCTION WORK

Location of construction work refers to the state loca-tion where construction work is done. A constructionestablishment can be physically located in one state andperform construction activities in another state(s). Loca-tion of construction work identifies the state where con-struction work was done, not the actual physical locationof the establishment.

NET VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK ($1,000)

The value of construction work less the cost of con-struction work subcontracted out to others.

NUMBER OF CONSTRUCTION WORKERS:QUARTERLY PAY PERIOD

Refers to the number of construction workers employedduring a quarterly pay period. January to March includesthe reported number of construction workers employedduring the pay period including March 12. April to Juneincludes the reported number of construction workersemployed during the pay period including May 12. July toSeptember includes the reported number of constructionworkers employed during the pay period including August12. October to December includes the reported number ofconstruction workers employed during the pay periodincluding November 12.

NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS

Includes all establishments that were in business at anytime during the year. It covers all full-year and part-yearoperations. Construction establishments that were inac-tive or idle for the entire year were not included.

NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS NOT REPORTINGINVENTORIES

Includes all establishments with payroll that did notreport a dollar amount for inventories of materials andsupplies during the reporting year. It covers all full-yearand part-year operations. Construction establishmentsthat were inactive or idle for the entire year were notincluded.

NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS WITH INVENTORIES

Includes all establishments with payroll that reported adollar amount of inventory. Includes the number of estab-lishments that were in business at any time during theyear. It covers all full-year and part-year operations. Con-struction establishments that were inactive or idle for theentire year were not included.



NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS WITH NOINVENTORIES

Includes all establishments with payroll that reportedhaving no inventories of materials and supplies during thereporting year. Includes establishments that were in busi-ness at any time during the year. It covers all full-year andpart-year operations. Construction establishments thatwere inactive or idle for the entire year were not included.

NUMBER OF OTHER EMPLOYEES: QUARTERLY PAYPERIOD

Refers to the number of other employees employedduring a quarterly pay period. January to March includesthe reported number of other workers employed duringthe pay period including March 12. April to June includesthe reported number of other workers employed duringthe pay period including May 12. July to Septemberincludes the reported number of other workers employedduring the pay period including August 12. October toDecember includes the reported number of other workersemployed during the pay period including November 12.

NUMBER OF PROPRIETORS AND WORKINGPARTNERS

These data were not collected on the census reportforms. The data shown are based on crediting each soleproprietorship establishment with one active proprietorand each partnership establishment with two workingpartners.

OTHER BUSINESS RECEIPTS ($1,000)

Includes business receipts not reported as value of con-struction work. This includes business receipts from retailand wholesale trade, rental of equipment without opera-tor, manufacturing, transportation, legal services, insur-ance, finance, rental of property and other real estateoperations, and other nonconstruction activities. Receiptsfor separately definable architectural and engineeringwork for others are also included here. Excluded arereceipts from other business operations in foreign coun-tries, and nonoperating income such as interest and divi-dends.

OTHER EMPLOYEES

Includes payroll employees in executive, purchasing,accounting, personnel, professional, technical activities,and routine office functions. Also included are supervisoryemployees above the working foreman level.

PAYROLL ($1,000)

Includes the gross earnings paid in the reporting yearto all employees on the payroll of construction establish-ments. It includes all forms of compensation such as sala-ries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses, vaca-tion and sick leave pay, prior to deductions such as

employees’ Social Security contributions, withholdingtaxes, group insurance, union dues, and savings bonds.The total includes salaries of officers of these establish-ments, if a corporation, but excludes payments to the pro-prietor or partners, if unincorporated.

PAYROLL: CONSTRUCTION WORKERS ($1,000)

Includes the gross earnings paid in the reporting yearto all construction workers on the payroll of constructionestablishments. It includes all forms of compensation suchas salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses,vacation and sick leave pay, prior to deductions such asemployees’ Social security contributions, withholdingtaxes, group insurance, union dues, and savings bonds.

PAYROLL: OTHER EMPLOYEES ($1,000)

Includes the gross earnings paid in the reporting yearto all other employees on the payroll of constructionestablishments. It includes all forms of compensation suchas salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses,vacations and sick leave pay, prior to deductions such asemployees’ Social Security contributions, withholdingtaxes, group insurance, union dues, and savings bonds.Payroll of other employees excludes salaries of the propri-etor or partners, if unincorporated.

PRIMARY AND OTHER KINDS OF BUSINESSACTIVITIES

Displays dollar value of business done by primary con-struction business activity. Primary construction activity isconstruction activity that generates fifty-one percent ormore of an establishment’s dollar value of business done.Also displayed are other kinds of business activities. Otherkinds of business activities include business receipts notreported as value of construction work. This item includesbusiness receipts from retail and wholesale trade, rental ofequipment without an operator, manufacturing, transpor-tation, legal services, insurance, finance, rental of prop-erty and other real estate operations, and other noncon-struction activities. Receipts for separately definablearchitectural and engineering work for others are alsoincluded in other kinds of business activities.

PURCHASED COMMUNICATION SERVICES ($1,000)

Includes all costs for communication services pur-chased from other companies or from other establish-ments of the company.

RENTAL COSTS FOR BUILDINGS ($1,000)

Includes all costs for renting or leasing space and build-ings. It excludes costs under agreements that are in effectconditional sales contracts such as capital leases. Suchcosts are included in capital expenditures.



RENTAL COSTS FOR MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT($1,000)

Includes all costs for renting or leasing constructionmachinery and equipment, transportation equipment, pro-duction equipment, office equipment, furniture and fix-tures, and scaffolding. It excludes costs for the rental ofland. It also excludes costs under agreements that ineffect are conditional sales contracts such as capitalleases. Such costs are included in capital expenditures.

RENTAL COSTS FOR MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT, ANDBUILDINGS ($1,000)

Includes all costs for renting or leasing constructionmachinery and equipment, transportation equipment, pro-duction equipment, office equipment, furniture and fix-tures, scaffolding, office space, and buildings. It excludescosts for the rental of land. It also excludes costs underagreements that in effect are conditional sales contractssuch as capital leases. Such costs are included in capitalexpenditures.

RETIREMENTS AND DISPOSITION OF DEPRECIABLEASSETS ($1,000)

Includes the gross value of depreciable assets sold,retired, scrapped, destroyed, abandoned, etc., during theyear. The values shown are the acquisition costs of theretired assets. This item also includes the value of assets(at acquisition cost rather than current market value)transferred to other establishments of the same company.

SELECTED COSTS ($1,000)

Includes the costs for materials, components, and sup-plies; costs for construction work subcontracted out toothers; and costs for selected power, fuels, and lubricants.Capital expenditures and rental costs for machinery,equipment, and structures are shown elsewhere.

SELECTED PURCHASED SERVICES ($1,000)

Includes all costs for communication and repair tobuildings and other structure services purchased fromother companies or from other establishments of the com-pany. It also includes the cost of all repairs made to struc-tures and equipment by outside companies or from otherestablishments of the same company. It includes only thecost of repairs necessary to maintain property and equip-ment. It excludes the cost of improvements that increasethe value of property or the cost of adapting it for anotheruse. Such costs are included in capital expenditures.

TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION

Provides data by the types of buildings, structures, orother facilities being constructed or worked on by con-struction establishments in the reporting year. Respon-dents were instructed that each building, structure, or

other facility should be classified in terms of its function.For example, a restaurant building was to be classified inthe restaurant category whether it was designed as a com-mercial restaurant building or an auxiliary unit of an edu-cational institution. If respondents worked on more thanone type of building or structure in a multibuilding com-plex, they were instructed to report separately for eachbuilding or type of structure. If they worked on a buildingthat had more than one purpose; i.e., office and residen-tial, or commercial, they were to classify the building bymajor purpose. In addition, all respondents wererequested to report the percentage of the value of con-struction work done for new construction, additions, alter-ations, or reconstruction, and maintenance and repairwork for each of these types.

Building Construction

• Single-family houses, detached. Includes all fullydetached residential buildings constructed for one fam-ily use.

• Single-family houses, attached, including town-houses and townhouse-type condominiums.Includes all residential buildings with two or more livingquarters side by side, completely independent of oneanother, and separated by an unbroken party or lot linewall from ground to roof.

• Apartment buildings, apartment type condomini-ums, and cooperatives. Includes apartment rentals,high-rise, low-rise, or any structures containing two ormore housing units other than attached single-familyhouses.

• All other residential buildings. Includes dormitories,fraternity and sorority houses, and other nonhousekeep-ing residential structures.

• Manufacturing and light industrial buildings.Includes all manufacturing and light industrial buildingsand plants that are used to house production andassembly activities. Note that industrial parks should beclassified under its primary usage such as warehouses,office space, commercial or industrial type buildings.Heavy industrial facilities such as blast furnaces, petro-leum refineries, and chemical complexes are notincluded in this category but are reported under non-building construction.

• Manufacturing and light industrial warehouses.Includes all warehouses which are intended for indus-trial activities.

• Hotels and motels. Includes hotels, motels, bed-and-breakfast inns, and tourist cabins intended for transientaccommodations. Also included are hotel and motelconference centers.



• Office buildings. Includes all buildings that are usedprimarily for office space or for government administra-tive offices. Also included are banks or financial build-ings that are three stories or more. Medical office build-ings are reported under hospitals and institutionalbuildings.

• All other commercial buildings, nec (not else-where classified) such as stores, restaurants,and automobile service stations. Includes all build-ings that are intended for use primarily in the retail andservice trades. For example, shopping centers, depart-ment stores, drug stores, restaurants, public garages,auto service stations, and one or two story bank orfinancial institutions.

• Commercial warehouses. Includes distribution build-ings and mini-storage units intended for commercialuse. Also included are storage warehouses.

• Religious buildings. Includes all buildings that areintended for religious services or functions such aschurches, synagogues, convents, monasteries, andseminaries.

• Educational buildings. Includes all buildings that areused directly in administrative and instructional activi-ties such as colleges, universities, elementary and sec-ondary schools, correspondence, commercial, and tradeschools. Libraries, museums, and art galleries, as wellas laboratories that are not a part of a manufacturing orcommercial establishment, are also included.

• Health care and institutional buildings. Includeshospitals, medical office buildings and all other build-ings that are intended to provide health and institu-tional care such as clinics, infirmaries, sanitariums,nursing homes, homes for the aged, and orphanages.

• Public safety buildings. Included detention centers,prisons, fire stations, and rescue squad buildings.

• Farm buildings, nonresidential. Includes nonresi-dential farm buildings such as barns, poultry houses,implement sheds, and farm silos.

• Amusement, social, and recreational buildings.Includes buildings that are used primarily for entertain-ment, social, and recreational activities such as sportsarenas, convention centers, theaters, music halls, golfand country club buildings, skating rinks, fitness cen-ters, bowling alleys, and indoor swimming pools.

• Other building construction. Includes all types ofresidential and nonresidential building construction notshown elsewhere.

Nonbuilding Construction

• Highways, streets, and related work such asinstallation of guardrails, highway signs, andlighting. Includes streets, roads, alleys, sidewalks,

curbs and gutters, culverts, right-of-way drainage, ero-sion control, and lighting. Also includes earthwork pro-tective structures when used in connection with roadimprovements.

• Airport runways and related work. Includes run-ways, taxiways, aprons, and related work.

• Private driveways and parking areas. Includes allnonstructural parking areas and private driveways of allsurface types.

• Bridges and elevated highways. Includes viaductsand overpasses, roads, highways, railroads, and cause-ways built on structural supports.

• Tunnels. Includes highway, pedestrian, railroad, andwater distribution tunnels.

• Sewers, sewer lines, septic tanks, and relatedfacilities. Includes sanitary and storm sewers, pump-ing stations, septic systems, and related facilities.

• Water mains and related facilities. Includes watersupply systems, pumping stations, and related facilities.

• Pipeline construction other than sewer or water-lines. Includes pipelines for the transmission of gas,petroleum products, and liquefied gases.

• Power and communication transmission lines,towers, and related facilities. Includes electricpower lines, telephone and telegraph lines, fiber opticcables, cable television lines, television and radio tow-ers, and electric light and power facilities.

• Power plants and cogeneration plants, excepthydroelectric. Includes electric and steam generatingplants, cogenerating plants, and nuclear plants.

• Power plant, hydroelectric. Includes all types ofhydroelectric power generating plants.

• Blast furnaces, petroleum refineries, chemicalcomplexes, etc. Includes coke ovens and miningappurtenances such as tipples and washeries.

• Sewage treatment plants. Includes sewage treatmentand waste disposal plants.

• Water treatment plants. Includes water filtration andwater softening plants.

• Urban mass transit. Includes subways, street cars,and light rail systems.

• Railroad construction. Includes the construction ofrailroad beds, tracks, freight yards, and signal towersfor systems other than urban mass transit.

• Conservation and development construction.Includes land reclamation, irrigation projects, drainagecanals, levees, jetties, breakwaters, and flood controlprojects.



• Dam and reservoir construction. Includes hydroelec-tric, water supply, and flood control dams and reser-voirs.

• Dry/Solid waste disposal. Includes all dry/solidwaste disposal sites where non hazardous waste is bur-ied.

• Harbor and port facilities. Includes docks, piers, andwharves.

• Marine construction. Includes dredging, underwaterrock removal, breakwaters, navigational channels, andlocks.

• Outdoor swimming pools. Includes wading pools andreflecting pools.

• Water storage facilities. Includes aqueducts, watertowers, and water tanks.

• Tank storage facilities other than water. Includesgasoline and oil storage tanks.

• Fencing. Includes all types of fencing.

• Recreational facilities. Includes athletic fields, golfcourses, outdoor tennis courts, trails, and camps.

• Billboards. Includes all type of billboards.

• Heavy military construction. Includes all militarynonbuilding such as missile sites and testing facilities,launch sites and underground command centers.

• Ships. Includes special trade contractors working onships and boats such as painters, carpenters, joiners,electricians, etc.

• Oilfields. The majority of construction work occurringin oil fields is classified in Sector 21, Mining. Forexample, pipeline construction on oil and gas leases areclassified in mining only up to the point where the dis-tribution company takes over. At that point, pipelineconstruction activity is classified in Sector 23, Construc-tion. Some secondary mining construction activities areclassified in the construction sector. Examples of thisinclude: road construction; land clearing contracting;land drainage contracting; and land leveling contract-ing.

• Other nonbuilding construction, nec. Includes alltypes of nonbuilding construction not elsewhere classi-fied.

VALUE ADDED ($1,000)

Value added is equal to value of business done, lesscosts for construction work subcontracted out to othersand costs for materials, components, supplies, and fuels.

VALUE OF BUSINESS DONE ($1,000)

Value of business done is the sum of value of construc-tion work and other business receipts.

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK ($1,000)

Includes the value of construction work done by gen-eral contractors, heavy construction contractors, and spe-cial trades contractors. Included are new construction,additions, alterations or reconstruction, and maintenanceand repair construction work. Also includes the value ofany construction work done by the reporting establish-ments for themselves. Speculative builders wereinstructed to include the value of buildings and otherstructures built or being built for sale in the reportingyear, but not sold. They were to include the costs of suchconstruction plus normal profit. Also included is the costof construction work done on buildings for rent or lease.Establishments engaged in the sale and installation of con-struction components such as plumbing, heating, and cen-tral air-conditioning supplies and equipment; lumber andbuilding materials; paint, glass, and wallpaper; and electri-cal and wiring supplies, elevators or escalators wereinstructed to include both the value for the installationand the receipts covering the price of the items installed.Excluded are the cost of industrial and other specialmachinery and equipment that are not an integral part of astructure, and value of work done from business opera-tions in foreign countries.

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK: ADDITIONS,ALTERATIONS, OR RECONSTRUCTION ($1,000)

Includes construction work which adds to the value oruseful life of an existing building or structure or thatadapts a building or structure to a new or different use.Included are major replacements of building systems,such as the installation of a new roof or heating systemand the resurfacing of streets or highways. This contraststo the repair of a hole in a roof or the routine patching ofhighways and streets that would be classified as mainte-nance and repair.

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK DONE IN THISSTATE ($1,000)

Includes the value of construction work done in a stateby general contractors, heavy construction contractors,and special trades contractors.

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK FORESTABLISHMENTS WITH INVENTORIES ($1,000)

The value of construction work for establishments withpayroll that reported a dollar amount of inventory in thereporting year.



VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK FORESTABLISHMENTS WITH NO INVENTORIES ($1,000)

The value of construction work for establishments withpayroll that reported having no dollar amount of inventoryin the reporting year.

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK: FORSPECIALIZED TYPE ($1,000)

Includes value of construction work for one of two spe-cialized categories: types of construction; and kind-ofbusiness activity. A construction establishment specializesin a type of construction when fifty-one percent or more ofthe construction work done is in one construction indus-try. The construction establishment reports each type ofconstruction it performs as a percent of value of construc-tion work. Types of construction refers to the types ofbuildings, structures, or facilities constructed or workedon by construction establishments in the reporting year.Specialization in types of construction displays data forestablishments with payroll that falls within each percentrange of specialization. A construction establishment spe-cializes in a kind-of-business activity when fifty-one per-cent or more of the construction work done by the estab-lishment is performed in one type of business activity. Theconstruction establishment reports each kind-of-businessactivity engaged in as a percent of value of constructionwork. Kind-of-business activity refers to the kinds of busi-ness activities construction establishments performthroughout the reporting year. The following are examplesof kind-of-business activity: highway and street construc-tion; electrical contracting; carpentry contracting; and con-crete contracting. Specialization in kind-of-business-activity displays data for establishments with payroll thatfall within each percent range of specialization.

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK: MAINTENANCEAND REPAIR ($1,000)

Includes incidental construction work that keeps aproperty in ordinary working condition. Excluded are trashand snow removal, lawn maintenance and landscaping,cleaning and janitorial services.

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK: NEWCONSTRUCTION ($1,000)

Includes the complete, original building of structuresand essential service facilities and the initial installation ofintegral equipment such as elevators and plumbing, heat-ing, and air-conditioning supplies and equipment.

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK ON FEDERALLYOWNED PROJECTS ($1,000)

The value of construction work for projects owned bythe Federal government.

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK ON GOVERNMENTOWNED PROJECTS ($1,000)

The value of construction work for the sum total of allprojects owned by Federal, state, and local governments.

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK ON PRIVATELYOWNED PROJECTS ($1,000)

The value of construction work for constructionprojects other than government owned projects.

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK ON STATE ANDLOCALLY OWNED PROJECTS ($1,000)

The value of construction work for the sum total of allprojects owned by state and local governments.

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK SUBCONTRACTEDIN FROM OTHERS ($1,000)

Includes the value of construction work done by report-ing establishments as subcontractors to other contractorsor builders. Establishments were asked to report theapproximate percent of total value of construction workaccounted for by such work, and the percentages reportedwere applied to the reported value of construction work todevelop a value for this item.

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK FORESTABLISHMENTS NOT REPORTING INVENTORIES($1,000)

The value of construction work for establishments thatdid not report a dollar amount for inventories of materialsand supplies, and the value of construction work forestablishments that did not complete a census form.

VOLUNTARY EXPENDITURES ($1,000)

Includes expenditures made by the employer for lifeinsurance premiums, pension plans, insurance premiumson hospital and medical plans, welfare plans, and unionnegotiated benefits.



Appendix B.NAICS Codes, Titles, and Descriptions

23 CONSTRUCTION

The Construction sector comprises establishmentsprimarily engaged in the construction of buildings andother structures, heavy construction (except buildings),additions, alterations, reconstruction, installation, andmaintenance and repairs. Establishments engaged indemolition or wrecking of buildings and other structures,clearing of building sites, and sale of materials fromdemolished structures are also included. This sector alsoincludes those establishments engaged in blasting, testdrilling, landfill, leveling, earthmoving, excavating, landdrainage, and other land preparation. The industrieswithin this sector have been defined on the basis of theirunique production processes. As with all industries, theproduction processes are distinguished by their use ofspecialized human resources and specialized physicalcapital. Construction activities are generally administeredor managed at a relatively fixed place of business, but theactual construction work is performed at one or moredifferent project sites.

This sector is divided into three subsectors of construc-tion activities: (1) building construction and land subdivi-sion and land development; (2) heavy construction (exceptbuildings), such as highways, power plants, and pipelines;and (3) construction activity by special trade contractors.

Establishments classified in Subsector 233, Building,Developing, and General Contracting and Subsector 234,Heavy Construction, usually assume responsibility for anentire construction project, and may subcontract some orall of the actual construction work. Operative builders whobuild on their own account for sale, and land subdividersand land developers, who engage in subdividing real prop-erty into lots for sale, are included in Subsector 233, Build-ing, Developing, and General Contracting. (Special tradecontractors are included in Subsector 234, Heavy Con-struction, if they are engaged in activities primarily relat-ing to heavy construction, such as grading for highways.)Establishments included in these subsectors operate asgeneral contractors, design-builders, engineer-constructors, joint-venture contractors, and turnkeyconstruction contractors. Establishments identified asconstruction management firms are also included.

Establishments classified in Subsector 235, SpecialTrade Contractors, are primarily engaged in specializedconstruction activities, such as plumbing, painting, andelectrical work, and work for builders and general contrac-tors under subcontract or directly for project owners.Establishments engaged in demolition or wrecking of

buildings and other structures, dismantling of machinery,excavating, shoring and underpinning, anchored earthretention activities, foundation drilling, and grading forbuildings are also included in this subsector.

‘‘Force account’’ construction is construction work per-formed by an establishment primarily engaged in somebusiness other than construction, for its own account anduse, and by employees of the establishment. This activityis not included in this industry sector unless the construc-tion work performed is the primary activity of a separateestablishment of the enterprise.

The installation of prefabricated building equipmentand materials, such as elevators and revolving doors, isclassified in the Construction sector. Installation work inci-dental to sales by employees of a manufacturing or retailestablishment is classified as an activity of those estab-lishments.

233 Building, Developing, and General Contracting

Industries in the Building, Developing, and General Con-tracting subsector comprises establishments primarilyresponsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,additions, alterations, and repair) of building projects.Builders, developers, and general contractors, as well asland subdividers and land developers are included in thissubsector. Establishments identified as construction man-agement firms for building projects are also included. Theconstruction work may be for others and performed bycustom builders, general contractors, design builders,engineer-constructors, joint-venture contractors, and turn-key contractors, or may be on their own account for saleand performed by speculative or operative builders.

2331 Land Subdivision and Land Development

This NAICS Industry Group includes establishmentsclassified in NAICS Industry 23311, Land Subdivision andLand Development.


This industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in subdividing real property into lots and/ordeveloping building lots for sale.


This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in subdividing real property into lots and/ordeveloping building lots for sale.

APPENDIX B B–1CONSTRUCTION


The data published with NAICS code 233110 includethe following SIC industries:

6552 Land subdividers and developers, exceptcemeteries

2332 Residential Building Construction

This NAICS Industry Group includes establishmentsclassified in the following NAICS Industries: 23321, Single-Family Housing Construction; and 23322, MultifamilyHousing Construction.

23321 Single-Family Housing Construction

This industry comprises establishments primarilyresponsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,additions, alterations, and repairs) of single family resi-dential housing units (e.g., single family detached houses,town houses, or row houses where each housing unit isseparated by a ground-to-roof wall and where no housingunits are constructed above or below). This industryincludes establishments responsible for additions andalterations to mobile homes and on-site assembly ofmodular and prefabricated houses. Establishments identi-fied as single family construction management firms arealso included in this industry. Establishments in this indus-try may perform work for others or on their own accountfor sale as speculative or operative builders. Kinds ofestablishments include single family housing custombuilders, general contractors, design builders, engineer-constructors, joint-venture contractors, and turnkeycontractors.

233210 Single-Family Housing Construction

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarilyresponsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,additions, alterations, and repairs) of single family resi-dential housing units (e.g., single family detached houses,town houses, or row houses where each housing unit isseparated by a ground-to-roof wall and where no housingunits are constructed above or below). This industryincludes establishments responsible for additions andalterations to mobile homes and on-site assembly ofmodular and prefabricated houses. Establishments identi-fied as single family construction management firms arealso included in this industry. Establishments in this indus-try may perform work for others or on their own accountfor sale as speculative or operative builders. Kinds ofestablishments include single family housing custombuilders, general contractors, design builders, engineer-constructors, joint-venture contractors, and turnkey con-tractors.


1521 General contractors—single-family houses

1531 Operative builders (pt)8741 Management services (pt)

23322 Multifamily Housing Construction

This industry comprises establishments primarilyresponsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,additions, alterations, and repairs) of multifamily residen-tial housing units (e.g., highrise, garden, and town houseapartments where each unit is not separated by a ground-to-roof wall). The units may be constructed for sale ascondominiums or cooperatives, or for rental as apart-ments. Establishments identified as multifamily construc-tion management firms are also included in this industry.Establishments in this industry may perform work forothers or on their own account for sale as speculative oroperative builders. Kinds of establishments include multi-family housing general contractors, design builders,engineer-constructors, joint-venture contractors, andturnkey contractors.

233220 Multifamily Housing Construction

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarilyresponsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,additions, alterations, and repairs) of multifamily residen-tial housing units (e.g., highrise, garden, and town houseapartments where each unit is not separated by a ground-to-roof wall). The units may be constructed for sale ascondominiums or cooperatives, or for rental as apart-ments. Establishments identified as multifamily construc-tion management firms are also included in this industry.Establishments in this industry may perform work forothers or on their own account for sale as speculative oroperative builders. Kinds of establishments include multi-family housing general contractors, design builders,engineer-constructors, joint-venture contractors, andturnkey contractors.


1522 General contractors—residential buildings,other than single-family (pt)

1531 Operative builders (pt)

8741 Management services (pt)

2333 Nonresidential Building Construction

This NAICS Industry Group includes establishmentsclassified in the following NAICS Industries: 23331, Manu-facturing and Industrial Building Construction; and 23332,Commercial and Institutional Building Construction.

23331 Manufacturing and Industrial BuildingConstruction

This industry comprises establishments primarilyresponsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,additions, alterations, and repairs) of manufacturing andindustrial buildings (e.g., plants, mills, factories). Estab-lishments identified as manufacturing and industrial build-ing construction management firms are also included in

B–2 APPENDIX B CONSTRUCTION


this industry. Kinds of establishments include manufactur-ing and industrial building general contractors, designbuilders, engineer-constructors, joint-venture contractors,and turnkey contractors.

233310 Manufacturing and Industrial BuildingConstruction

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarilyresponsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,additions, alterations, and repairs) of manufacturing andindustrial buildings (e.g., plants, mills, factories). Estab-lishments identified as manufacturing and industrial build-ing construction management firms are also included inthis industry. Kinds of establishments include manufactur-ing and industrial building general contractors, designbuilders, engineer-constructors, joint-venture contractors,and turnkey contractors.


1531 Operative builders (pt)

1541 General contractors—industrial buildings andwarehouses (pt)


23332 Commercial and Institutional BuildingConstruction

This industry comprises establishments primarilyresponsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,additions, alterations, and repairs) of commercial andinstitutional buildings (e.g., stores, schools, hospitalsoffice buildings, public warehouses). Establishments iden-tified as commercial and institutional building construc-tion management firms are also included in this industry.Kinds of establishments include commercial and institu-tional building general contractors, design builders,engineer-constructors, joint-venture contractors, andturnkey contractors.

233320 Commercial and Institutional BuildingConstruction

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarilyresponsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,additions, alterations, and repairs) of commercial andinstitutional buildings (e.g., stores, schools, hospitalsoffice buildings, public warehouses). Establishments iden-tified as commercial and institutional building construc-tion management firms are also included in this industry.Kinds of establishments include commercial and institu-tional building general contractors, design builders,engineer-constructors, joint-venture contractors, andturnkey contractors.


1522 General contractors—residential buildings,other than single-family (pt)

1531 Operative builders (pt)1541 General contractors—industrial buildings and

warehouses (pt)1542 General contractors—nonresidential buildings,

except industrial buildings and warehouses8741 Management services (pt)

234 Heavy Construction

Industries in the Heavy Construction subsector groupestablishments that engage in the construction of heavyengineering and industrial projects (except buildings), forexample, highways, power plants, and pipelines. The con-struction work performed may include new work, recon-struction, or repairs. Establishments identified as heavyconstruction management firms are also included. Estab-lishments in this subsector usually assume responsibilityfor entire nonbuilding projects but may subcontract someor all of the actual construction work. Special trade con-tractors are included in this group if they are engaged inactivities primarily related to heavy construction, forexample, grading for highways. Kinds of establishmentsinclude heavy construction general contractors, designbuilders, engineer-constructors, and joint-venture contrac-tors.

2341 Highway, Street, Bridge, and TunnelConstruction

This NAICS Industry Group includes establishmentsclassified in the following NAICS industries: 23411, High-way and Street Construction; and 23412, Bridge and Tun-nel Construction.

23411 Highway and Street Construction

This industry comprises: (1) establishments primarilyresponsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,reconstruction, or repairs) of highways (except elevated),streets, roads, or airport runways; (2) establishments iden-tified as highway and street construction managementfirms; and (3) establishments identified as special tradecontractors engaged in performing subcontract work pri-marily related to highway and street construction (e.g.,grading for highways, installing guardrails, public side-walk construction). Establishments in this industry maysubcontract some or all of the actual construction work.Kinds of establishments include highway and street gen-eral contractors, design builders, engineer-constructors,and joint-venture contractors.

234110 Highway and Street Construction

This U.S. industry comprises: (1) establishments prima-rily responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,reconstruction, or repairs) of highways (except elevated),



streets, roads, or airport runways; (2) establishments iden-tified as highway and street construction managementfirms; and (3) establishments identified as special tradecontractors engaged in performing subcontract work pri-marily related to highway and street construction (e.g.,grading for highways, installing guardrails, public side-walk construction). Establishments in this industry maysubcontract some or all of the actual construction work.Kinds of establishments include highway and street gen-eral contractors, design builders, engineer-constructors,and joint-venture contractors.


1611 Highway and street construction contractors,except elevated highways


23412 Bridge and Tunnel Construction

This industry comprises: (1) establishments primarilyresponsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,reconstruction, or repairs) of bridges, viaducts, elevatedhighways, and tunnels; (2) establishments identified asbridge and tunnel construction management firms; and (3)establishments identified as special trade contractors pri-marily engaged in performing subcontract work related tobridge and tunnel construction. Establishments in thisindustry may subcontract some or all of the actual con-struction work. Kinds of establishments include bridgeand tunnel general contractors, design builders, engineer-constructors, and joint-venture contractors.

234120 Bridge and Tunnel Construction

This U.S. industry comprises: (1) establishments prima-rily responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,reconstruction, or repairs) of bridges, viaducts, elevatedhighways, and tunnels; (2) establishments identified asbridge and tunnel construction management firms; and (3)establishments identified as special trade contractors pri-marily engaged in performing subcontract work related tobridge and tunnel construction. Establishments in thisindustry may subcontract some or all of the actual con-struction work. Kinds of establishments include bridgeand tunnel general contractors, design builders, engineer-constructors, and joint-venture contractors.


1622 Bridge, tunnel, and elevated highwayconstruction contractors


2349 Other Heavy Construction

This industry group comprises establishments primarilyengaged in heavy nonbuilding construction (except high-way, street, bridge, and tunnel construction).

23491 Water, Sewer, and PipelineConstruction

on This industry comprises: (1) establishments prima-rily responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,reconstruction, rehabilitation, or repairs) of water mains,sewers, drains, gas mains, natural gas pumping stations,and gas and oil pipelines; (2) establishments identified aswater, sewer, and pipeline construction managementfirms; and (3) establishments identified as special tradecontractors engaged in activities primarily related towater, sewer, and pipeline construction. Establishments inthis industry may subcontract some or all of the actualconstruction work. Kinds of establishments include water,sewer, and pipeline general contractors, design builders,engineer-constructors, and joint-venture contractors.

234910 Water, Sewer, and Pipeline Construction

This U.S. industry comprises: (1) establishments prima-rily responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,reconstruction, rehabilitation, or repairs) of water mains,sewers, drains, gas mains, natural gas pumping stations,and gas and oil pipelines; (2) establishments identified aswater, sewer, and pipeline construction managementfirms; and (3) establishments identified as special tradecontractors engaged in activities primarily related towater, sewer, and pipeline construction. Establishments inthis industry may subcontract some or all of the actualconstruction work. Kinds of establishments include water,sewer, and pipeline general contractors, design builders,engineer-constructors, and joint-venture contractors.


1623 Water, sewer, pipeline, and communicationsand power line construction (pt)


23492 Power and Communication TransmissionLine Construction

This industry comprises: (1) establishments primarilyresponsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,reconstruction, or repairs) of electric power and communi-cation transmission lines and towers, radio and televisiontransmitting/receiving towers, cable laying, and cable tele-vision lines; (2) establishments identified as power andcommunication transmission line construction manage-ment firms; and (3) establishments identified as specialtrade contractors engaged in activities primarily related topower and communication transmission line construction.Establishments in this industry may subcontract some orall of the actual construction work. Kinds of establish-ments include power and communication transmissionline general contractors, design builders, engineer-constructors, and joint-venture contractors.



234920 Power and Communication TransmissionLine Construction

This U.S. industry comprises: (1) establishments prima-rily responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,reconstruction, or repairs) of electric power and communi-cation transmission lines and towers, radio and televisiontransmitting/receiving towers, cable laying, and cable tele-vision lines; (2) establishments identified as power andcommunication transmission line construction manage-ment firms; and (3) establishments identified as specialtrade contractors engaged in activities primarily related topower and communication transmission line construction.Establishments in this industry may subcontract some orall of the actual construction work. Kinds of establish-ments include power and communication transmissionline general contractors, design builders, engineer-constructors, and joint-venture contractors.


1623 Water, sewer, pipeline, and communicationsand power line construction (pt)


23493 Industrial Nonbuilding StructureConstruction

This industry comprises: (1) establishments primarilyresponsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,reconstruction, or repairs) of heavy industrial nonbuildingstructures, such as chemical complexes or facilities,cement plants, petroleum refineries, industrial incinera-tors, ovens, kilns, power plants (except hydroelectricplants), and nuclear reactor containment structures; (2)establishments identified as industrial nonbuilding con-struction management firms; and (3) establishments iden-tified as special trade contractors engaged in activitiesprimarily related to industrial nonbuilding construction.Establishments in this industry may subcontract some orall of the actual construction work. Kinds of establish-ments include industrial nonbuilding general contractors,design builders, engineer-constructors, and joint-venturecontractors.

234930 Industrial Nonbuilding StructureConstruction

This U.S. industry comprises: (1) establishments prima-rily responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,reconstruction, or repairs) of heavy industrial nonbuildingstructures, such as chemical complexes or facilities,cement plants, petroleum refineries, industrial incinera-tors, ovens, kilns, power plants (except hydroelectricplants), and nuclear reactor containment structures; (2)establishments identified as industrial nonbuilding con-struction management firms; and (3) establishments iden-tified as special trade contractors engaged in activities pri-marily related to industrial nonbuilding construction.

Establishments in this industry may subcontract some orall of the actual construction work. Kinds of establish-ments include industrial nonbuilding general contractors,design builders, engineer-constructors, and joint-venturecontractors.


1629 Heavy construction, n.e.c. (pt)


23499 All Other Heavy Construction

This industry comprises: (1) establishments primarilyresponsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,reconstruction, or repairs) of heavy nonbuilding construc-tion projects (except highway, street, bridge, tunnel, waterlines, sewer lines, pipelines, power and communicationtransmission lines, and industrial nonbuilding structures);(2) establishments identified as all other heavy construc-tion management firms; (3) establishments primarilyengaged in construction equipment rental with an opera-tor; and (4) establishments identified as special trade con-tractors engaged in activities related primarily to all otherheavy construction. Typical projects constructed by estab-lishments in this industry include athletic fields, dams,dikes, docks, drainage projects, golf courses, harbors,parks, reservoirs, canals, sewage treatment plants, watertreatment plants, hydroelectric plants, subways, and othermass transit projects. Establishments in this industry maysubcontract some or all of the actual construction work.Kinds of establishments include heavy construction gen-eral contractors, design builders, engineer-constructors,and joint-venture contractors.

234990 All Other Heavy Construction

This U.S. industry comprises: (1) establishments prima-rily responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,reconstruction, or repairs) of heavy nonbuilding construc-tion projects (except highway, street, bridge, tunnel, waterlines, sewer lines, pipelines, power and communicationtransmission lines, and industrial nonbuilding structures);(2) establishments identified as all other heavy construc-tion management firms; (3) establishments primarilyengaged in construction equipment rental with an opera-tor; and (4) establishments identified as special trade con-tractors engaged in activities related primarily to all otherheavy construction. Typical projects constructed by estab-lishments in this industry include athletic fields, dams,dikes, docks, drainage projects, golf courses, harbors,parks, reservoirs, canals, sewage treatment plants, watertreatment plants, hydroelectric plants, subways, and othermass transit projects. Establishments in this industry maysubcontract some or all of the actual construction work.Kinds of establishments include heavy construction gen-eral contractors, design builders, engineer-constructors,and joint-venture contractors.




1629 Heavy construction, n.e.c. (pt)

7353 Heavy construction equipment, rental andleasing (pt)


235 Special Trade Contractors

Industries in the Special Trade Contractors subsectorengage in specialized construction activities, such asplumbing, painting, and electrical work. Those establish-ments that engage in activities primarily related to heavyconstruction, such as grading for highways, are classifiedin Subsector 234, Heavy Construction. The activities ofthis subsector may be subcontracted from builders or gen-eral contractors or it may be performed directly for projectowners. The construction work performed may includenew work, additions, alterations, or maintenance andrepairs. Special trade contractors usually perform most oftheir work at the job site, although they may have shopswhere they perform prefabrication and other work.

2351 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-ConditioningContractors

This NAICS Industry Group includes establishmentsclassified in NAICS Industry 23511, Plumbing, Heating,and Air-Conditioning Contractors.


This industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in one or more of the following: (1) installingplumbing, heating, and air-conditioning equipment; (2)servicing plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning equip-ment; and (3) the combined activity of selling and install-ing plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning equipment.The plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning work per-formed includes new work, additions, alterations, andmaintenance and repairs. The activities performed bythese establishments range from duct fabrication andinstallation at the site to installation of refrigeration equip-ment, installation of sprinkler systems, and installation ofenvironmental controls.


This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in one or more of the following: (1) installingplumbing, heating, and air-conditioning equipment; (2)servicing plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning equip-ment; and (3) the combined activity of selling and install-ing plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning equipment.The plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning work per-formed includes new work, additions, alterations, and

maintenance and repairs. The activities performed bythese establishments range from duct fabrication andinstallation at the site to installation of refrigeration equip-ment, installation of sprinkler systems, and installation ofenvironmental controls.

The data published with NAICS code 235110 includethe following SIC industry:

1711 Plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning specialtrade contractors

This definition comes from the 1997 NAICS manual.However, for this industry, the 1997 Economic Census--Construction did not fully implement the conversion toNAICS. Data for NAICS industry 235110 do not includeestablishments whose primary activity is boiler cleaning.The NAICS definitions will be fully implemented with the2002 Economic Census.

2352 Painting and Wall Covering Contractors

This NAICS Industry Group includes establishmentsclassified in NAICS Industry 23521, Painting and WallCovering Contractors.


This industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in interior or exterior painting and interior wallcovering. The painting and wall covering work performedincludes new work, additions, alterations, and mainte-nance and repairs. Activities performed by these establish-ments range from bridge, ship, and traffic lane painting topaint and wall covering removal.


This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in interior or exterior painting and interior wallcovering. The painting and wall covering work performedincludes new work, additions, alterations, and mainte-nance and repairs. Activities performed by these establish-ments range from bridge, ship, and traffic lane painting topaint and wall covering removal.


1721 Painting and paper hanging special tradecontractors

1799 Special trade contractors, n.e.c. (pt)

2353 Electrical Contractors

This NAICS Industry Group includes establishmentsclassified in NAICS Industry 23531, Electrical Contractors.


This industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in one or more of the following: (1) performingelectrical work at the site (e.g., installing wiring); (2) ser-vicing electrical equipment at the site; and (3) the com-bined activity of selling and installing electrical equip-ment. The electrical work performed includes new work,additions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs.




This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in one or more of the following: (1) performingelectrical work at the site (e.g., installing wiring); (2) ser-vicing electrical equipment at the site; and (3) the com-bined activity of selling and installing electrical equip-ment. The electrical work performed includes new work,additions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs.


1731 Electrical work special trade contractors

2354 Masonry, Drywall, Insulation, and TileContractors

This NAICS Industry Group includes establishmentsclassified in the following NAICS Industries: 23541,Masonry and Stone Contractors; 23542, Drywall, Plaster-ing, Acoustical, and Insulation Contractors; and 23543,Tile, Marble, Terrazzo, and Mosaic Contractors.

23541 Masonry and Stone Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in masonry work, stone setting, and other stonework. The masonry work, stone setting, and other stonework performed includes new work, additions, alterations,and maintenance and repairs. Activities performed byestablishments in this industry range from the construc-tion of foundations made of block, stone, or brick to glassblock laying; exterior marble, granite and slate work; andtuck pointing.

235410 Masonry and Stone Contractors

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in masonry work, stone setting, and other stonework. The masonry work, stone setting, and other stonework performed includes new work, additions, alterations,and maintenance and repairs. Activities performed byestablishments in this industry range from the construc-tion of foundations made of block, stone, or brick to glassblock laying; exterior marble, granite and slate work; andtuck pointing.


1741 Masonry, stone setting, and other stone workspecial trade contractors

23542 Drywall, Plastering, Acoustical, andInsulation Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in drywall, plaster work, acoustical, and buildinginsulation work. The drywall, plaster work, acoustical, andinsulation work performed includes new work, additions,

alterations, and maintenance and repairs. Plaster workincludes applying plain or ornamental plaster, includinginstallation of lathing to receive plaster.

235420 Drywall, Plastering, Acoustical, andInsulation Contractors

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in drywall, plaster work, acoustical, and buildinginsulation work. The drywall, plaster work, acoustical, andinsulation work performed includes new work, additions,alterations, and maintenance and repairs. Plaster workincludes applying plain or ornamental plaster, includinginstallation of lathing to receive plaster.


1742 Plastering, drywall, acoustical, and insulationwork special trade contractors

1743 Terrazzo, tile, marble, and mosaic work specialtrade contractors (pt)

1771 Concrete work special trade contractors (pt)

23543 Tile, Marble, Terrazzo, and MosaicContractors

This industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in (1) setting and installing ceramic tile, marble(interior only), terrazzo, and mosaic and/or (2) mixingmarble particles and cement to make terrazzo at the jobsite. The tile, marble, terrazzo, and mosaic work per-formed includes new work, additions, alterations, andmaintenance and repairs.

235430 Tile, Marble, Terrazzo, and MosaicContractors

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in (1) setting and installing ceramic tile, marble(interior only), terrazzo, and mosaic and/or (2) mixingmarble particles and cement to make terrazzo at the jobsite. The tile, marble, terrazzo, and mosaic work per-formed includes new work, additions, alterations, andmaintenance and repairs.


1743 Terrazzo, tile, marble, and mosaic work specialtrade contractors (pt)

2355 Carpentry and Floor Contractors

This NAICS Industry Group includes establishmentsclassified in the following NAICS Industries: 23551,Carpentry Contractors; and 23552, Floor Laying and OtherFloor Contractors.

23551 Carpentry Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in framing, carpentry, and finishing work. Thecarpentry work performed includes new work, additions,



alterations, and maintenance and repairs. Activities per-formed by establishments in this industry range from theinstallation of doors and windows to paneling, steel fram-ing work, and ship joinery.

235510 Carpentry Contractors

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in framing, carpentry, and finishing work. Thecarpentry work performed includes new work, additions,alterations, and maintenance and repairs. Activities per-formed by establishments in this industry range from theinstallation of doors and windows to paneling, steel fram-ing work, and ship joinery.


1751 Carpentry work special trade contractors

23552 Floor Laying and Other Floor Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in the installation of resilient floor tile, carpeting,linoleum, and wood or resilient flooring. The floor layingand other floor work performed includes new work, addi-tions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs.

235520 Floor Laying and Other Floor Contractors

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in the installation of resilient floor tile, carpeting,linoleum, and wood or resilient flooring. The floor layingand other floor work performed includes new work, addi-tions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs.


1752 Floor laying and other floor work special tradecontractors, n.e.c.

2356 Roofing, Siding, and Sheet Metal Contractors

This NAICS Industry Group includes establishmentsclassified in NAICS Industry 23561, Roofing, Siding, andSheet Metal Contractors.

23561 Roofing, Siding, and Sheet MetalContractors

This industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in the installation of roofing, siding, sheet metalwork, and roof drainage-related work, such as down-spouts and gutters. Activities performed by these estab-lishments also include treating roofs (i.e., by spraying,painting, or coating), copper smithing, tin smithing,installing skylights, installing metal ceilings, flashing, ductwork, and capping. The roofing, siding, and sheet metalwork performed includes new work, additions, alterations,and maintenance and repairs.

235610 Roofing, Siding, and Sheet MetalContractors

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in the installation of roofing, siding, sheet metalwork, and roof drainage-related work, such as down-spouts and gutters. Activities performed by these estab-lishments also include treating roofs (i.e., by spraying,painting, or coating), copper smithing, tin smithing,installing skylights, installing metal ceilings, flashing, ductwork, and capping. The roofing, siding, and sheet metalwork performed includes new work, additions, alterations,and maintenance and repairs.


1761 Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work specialtrade contractors

2357 Concrete Contractors

This NAICS Industry Group includes establishmentsclassified in NAICS Industry 23571, Concrete Contractors.


This industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in the use of concrete and asphalt to produceparking areas, building foundations, structures, andretaining walls, and in the use of all materials to producepatios, private driveways, and private walks. Activitiesperformed by these establishments include grout andshotcrete work. The concrete work performed includesnew work, additions, alterations, and maintenance andrepairs.


This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in the use of concrete and asphalt to produceparking areas, building foundations, structures, andretaining walls, and in the use of all materials to producepatios, private driveways, and private walks. Activitiesperformed by these establishments include grout andshotcrete work. The concrete work performed includesnew work, additions, alterations, and maintenance andrepairs.


1771 Concrete work special trade contractors (pt)

2358 Water Well Drilling Contractors

This NAICS Industry Group includes establishmentsclassified in NAICS Industry 23581, Water Well DrillingContractors.


This industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in drilling, tapping, and capping of water wells,and geothermal drilling. The water well drilling work per-formed includes new work, servicing, and maintenanceand repairs.




This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in drilling, tapping, and capping of water wells,and geothermal drilling. The water well drilling work per-formed includes new work, servicing, and maintenanceand repairs.


1781 Water well drilling special trade contractors

2359 Other Special Trade Contractors

This industry group comprises establishments primarilyengaged in specialized construction activities (exceptplumbing, painting, electrical, masonry, drywall, insula-tion, tile, carpentry, flooring work, roofing, siding, sheetmetal, concrete, and water well drilling).

23591 Structural Steel Erection Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in one or more of the following: (1) erectingmetal, structural steel, and similar products of prestressedor precast concrete to produce structural elements, build-ing exteriors, and elevator fronts; (2) setting rods, bars,rebar, mesh, and cages, to reinforce poured-in-place con-crete; and (3) erecting cooling towers and metal storagetanks. The structural steel erection work performedincludes new work, additions, alterations, reconstruction,and maintenance and repairs.

235910 Structural Steel Erection Contractors

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in one or more of the following: (1) erectingmetal, structural steel, and similar products of prestressedor precast concrete to produce structural elements, build-ing exteriors, and elevator fronts; (2) setting rods, bars,rebar, mesh, and cages, to reinforce poured-in-place con-crete; and (3) erecting cooling towers and metal storagetanks. The structural steel erection work performedincludes new work, additions, alterations, reconstruction,and maintenance and repairs.


1791 Structural steel erection special tradecontractors

23592 Glass and Glazing Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in installing glass (i.e., glazing work) and/or tint-ing glass. The glass work performed includes new work,additions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs.235920 Glass and Glazing Contractors This U.S. industrycomprises establishments primarily engaged in installing

glass (i.e., glazing work) and/or tinting glass. The glasswork performed includes new work, additions, alterations,and maintenance and repairs.


1793 Glass and glazing work special tradecontractors


23593 Excavation Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in preparing land for building construction.Activities performed by these establishments are drillingshafts, foundation digging, foundation drilling, and grad-ing. The excavation work performed includes new work,additions, alterations, and repairs.

235930 Excavation Contractors

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in preparing land for building construction.Activities performed by these establishments are drillingshafts, foundation digging, foundation drilling, and grad-ing. The excavation work performed includes new work,additions, alterations, and repairs.


1794 Excavation work special trade contractors

23594 Wrecking and Demolition Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in the wrecking and demolition of buildings andother structures, including underground tank removal andthe dismantling of steel oil tanks, except those for hazard-ous materials. The establishments engaged in wreckingand demolition work may or may not sell materialsderived from demolishing operations.

235940 Wrecking and Demolition Contractors

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in the wrecking and demolition of buildings andother structures, including underground tank removal andthe dismantling of steel oil tanks, except those for hazard-ous materials. The establishments engaged in wreckingand demolition work may or may not sell materialsderived from demolishing operations.


1795 Wrecking and demolition work special tradecontractors

23595 Building Equipment and Other MachineryInstallation Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in one or more of the following: (1) the installa-tion or dismantling of building equipment, machinery or



other industrial equipment (except plumbing, heating, airconditioning or electrical equipment); (2) machine rigging;and (3) millwriting. Types of equipment installed includeautomated and revolving doors, conveyor systems, dumb-waiters, dust collecting equipment, elevators, small incin-erators, pneumatic tubes systems, and built-in vacuumcleaning systems. The building equipment and othermachinery installation work performed includes newwork, additions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs.

235950 Building Equipment and Other MachineryInstallation Contractors

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in one or more of the following: (1) the installa-tion or dismantling of building equipment, machinery orother industrial equipment (except plumbing, heating, airconditioning or electrical equipment); (2) machine rigging;and (3) millwriting. Types of equipment installed includeautomated and revolving doors, conveyor systems, dumb-waiters, dust collecting equipment, elevators, small incin-erators, pneumatic tubes systems, and built-in vacuumcleaning systems. The building equipment and othermachinery installation work performed includes newwork, additions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs.


1796 Installation or erection of building equipment,special trade contractors, n.e.c.

23599 All Other Special Trade Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in specialized construction work, (except plumb-ing, painting, electrical, masonry, drywall, insulation, tile,carpentry, flooring, roofing, siding, sheet metal work, con-crete work, glass and glazing, structural steel erection,excavation, wrecking and demolition, and building equip-ment installation work). Activities undertaken by these

establishments include constructing swimming pools andfences, house moving, waterproofing, dewatering, damp-proofing, fireproofing, and sandblasting; installing anten-nas, artificial turf, awnings, countertops, fire escapes,forms for poured concrete, gasoline pumps, lightning con-ductors, ornamental metal, shoring systems, and signs (onbuildings); and specialized activities, such as bathtubrefinishing, coating and glazing of concrete surfaces, gasleakage detection, insulation of pipes and boilers, mobilehome site setup and tie-down, posthole digging, radonremediation, scaffolding work, and on-site welding. Theother special trade work performed includes new work,additions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs.

235990 All Other Special Trade Contractors

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in specialized construction work, (except plumb-ing, painting, electrical, masonry, drywall, insulation, tile,carpentry, flooring, roofing, siding, sheet metal work, con-crete work, glass and glazing, structural steel erection,excavation, wrecking and demolition, and building equip-ment installation work). Activities undertaken by theseestablishments include constructing swimming pools andfences, house moving, waterproofing, dewatering, damp-proofing, fireproofing, and sandblasting; installing anten-nas, artificial turf, awnings, countertops, fire escapes,forms for poured concrete, gasoline pumps, lightning con-ductors, ornamental metal, shoring systems, and signs (onbuildings); and specialized activities, such as bathtubrefinishing, coating and glazing of concrete surfaces, gasleakage detection, insulation of pipes and boilers, mobilehome site setup and tie-down, posthole digging, radonremediation, scaffolding work, and on-site welding. Theother special trade work performed includes new work,additions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs.





Appendix C.Coverage and Methodology

THE SAMPLE FRAME

The universe for the construction sector includesapproximately 650,000 establishments. This includes onlythose construction establishments with at least one paidemployee in 1997. Census reports were mailed to asample of approximately 130,000 establishments.

The sample frame consisted of the entire constructionuniverse; there were no subpopulations that were explic-itly removed from the sample frame. The sample framewas compiled from a list of all construction companies inthe active records of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) andthe Social Security Administration (SSA) which are subjectto the payment of Federal Insurance Contributions Acttaxes. Under special arrangements to safeguard their con-fidentiality, the U.S. Census Bureau obtains information onthe location and classification of the companies, as well astheir payroll and receipts data from these sources. Unfor-tunately, these sources do not provide establishment levelinformation for companies with multiple locations. Formultilocation companies, the establishment level informa-tion is directly obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau’sCompany Organization Survey.

While the IRS-SSA list usually provided sufficient classifi-cation information to assign a company to the proper eco-nomic sector, there were cases for which the informationwas incomplete or missing. A classification form wasmailed to companies with insufficient information to beassigned to an industry. This form requested informationon the nature of the company’s activities. Companiesdetermined to be in scope of the construction sector sub-sequent to the census mailout were treated as a supple-ment to the universe rather than part of the sample frame.

SAMPLE SELECTION

The major objective of the sample design was to pro-vide a sample that would provide reliable estimates foreach state and construction industry. A stratified randomsample was designed. Within each state by industry cell,six strata were defined.

• Stratum 1 was comprised of approximately 12,000establishments of companies that had operations of anytype at more than one location. These establishments ofmultiunit companies were included in the constructionsample with certainty.

• Strata 2-6 were comprised of single-location companies.For each industry, payroll cut-offs were determined atthe U.S. level and used to define the payroll ranges foreach of the strata 2-6 across all states.

All establishments in stratum 2 were included in theconstruction sample with certainty. These consisted ofthe largest single-location construction companies.

For strata 3-6, a random sample of establishmentswas selected. The general strategy was to sample thestrata containing larger establishments at a higher ratethan those containing small establishments. The mini-mum sample rate was 1 in 20.

For five industries, the U.S. population in the sampleframe was quite small. For these industries, all establish-ments in the sample frame were included in the samplewith certainty. These industries were as follows:

• SIC 1622: Bridge, Tunnel, and Elevated Highway Con-struction Contractors

• SIC 1795: Wrecking and Demolition Work

• SIC 1796: Installation or Erection of Building Equipment,Not Elsewhere Classified

• SIC 7353: Equipment Rental with Operators

• SIC 8741: Construction Management

ESTIMATION AND VARIANCES

Based on the response data, establishments wereassigned to the appropriate NAICS industry. At each levelof tabulation, unbiased estimates were derived by sum-ming the weighted establishment data where the estab-lishment sample weight was equal to the inverse of itsprobability of selection for the construction sample.

Variances of the estimated items were derived at thestate level, industry, and by stratum using standard strati-fied random sample formulas. Variances were then aggre-gated to the publication levels for the computation of therelative standard errors.

RELIABILITY OF THE ESTIMATES

The estimates developed from the sample can differsomewhat from the results of a survey covering all compa-nies in the sample lists but are otherwise conducted underessentially the same conditions as the actual sample sur-vey. The estimates of the magnitude of the samplingerrors (the difference between the estimates obtained andthe results theoretically obtained from a comparable,complete-coverage survey) are provided by the standarderrors of estimates.

APPENDIX C C–1CONSTRUCTION


The particular sample selected for the construction sec-tor is one of many similar probability samples that, bychance, might have been selected under the same specifi-cations. Each of the possible samples would yield some-what different sets of results, and the standard errors aremeasures of the variation of all the possible sample esti-mates around the theoretically, comparable, complete-coverage values.

Estimates of the standard errors have been computedfrom the sample data. They are presented in the form ofrelative standard errors which are the standard errorsdivided by the estimated values to which they refer.

In conjunction with its associated estimate, the relativestandard error may be used to define confidence intervals,or ranges, that would include the comparable, complete-coverage value for specified percentages of all the pos-sible samples.

The complete-coverage value would be included in therange:

• From one standard error below to one standard errorabove the derived estimate for about two-thirds of allpossible samples.

• From two standard errors below to two standard errorsabove the derived estimate for about 19 out of 20 of allpossible samples.

• From three standard errors below to three standarderrors above the derived estimate for nearly all samples.

An inference is that the comparable complete-surveyresult would fall within the indicated ranges and the rela-tive frequencies shown. Those proportions, therefore, maybe interpreted as defining the confidence that the esti-mates from a particular sample would differ fromcomplete-coverage results by as much as one, two, orthree standard errors, respectively.

For example, suppose an estimated total is shown at50,000 with an associated relative standard error of 2 per-cent, that is, a standard error of 1,000 (2 percent of50,000). There is approximately 67 percent confidencethat the interval 49,000 to 51,000 includes the complete-coverage total, about 95 percent confidence that the inter-val 48,000 to 52,000 includes the complete-coveragetotal, and almost certain confidence that the interval47,000 to 53,000 includes the complete-coverage total.

In addition to the sample errors, the estimates are sub-ject to various response and operational errors: errors ofcollection; reporting; coding; transcription; imputation fornonresponse, etc. These operational errors also wouldoccur if a complete canvass were to be conducted underthe same conditions as the survey. Explicit measures oftheir effects generally are not available. However, it isbelieved that most of the important operational errorswere detected and corrected during the U.S. CensusBureau’s review of the data for reasonableness and consis-tency. The small operational errors usually remain. To

some extent, they are compensating in the aggregatedtotals shown. When important operational errors weredetected too late to correct the estimates, the data weresuppressed or were specifically qualified in the tables.

As derived, the estimated standard errors included partof the effect of the operational errors. The total errors,which depend upon the joint effect of the sampling andoperational errors, are usually of the order of size indi-cated by the standard error, or moderately higher. How-ever, for particular estimates, the total error may consider-ably exceed the standard errors shown. Any figures shownin the tables of this publication having an associated stan-dard error exceeding 75 percent may be combined withhigher level totals, creating a broader aggregate, whichthen may be of acceptable reliability.

INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION OF ESTABLISHMENTS

Each establishment covered in the construction sectorwas classified in one of twenty eight industries in accor-dance with the industry definitions in the 1997 NAICS(North American Industry Classification System) manual.The U.S. Census Bureau first used NAICS to classify indus-tries for 1997 economic census data. Prior to this the U.S.Census Bureau used SIC (Standard Industrial Classification)for industry classification. The differences between NAICSand SIC are outlined in Appendix A of the 1997 NAICSmanual.

In the NAICS system, an industry is generally defined asa group of establishments that use similar processes orhave similar business activities. To the extent practical,the system uses supply-based or production-oriented con-cepts in defining industries. The resulting group of estab-lishments must be significant in terms of number, valueadded, value of business, and number of employees.

The coding system works in such a way that the defini-tions progressively become narrower with successiveadditions of numerical digits. In the construction sectorfor 1997, there are 3 subsectors (three-digit NAICS), 14industry groups (four-digit NAICS), and 28 NAICS indus-tries (five- and six-digit NAICS). The five-digit NAICS issupposed to be the level at which there is comparabilitywith the Canadian and Mexican classification systems.However, agreement had not been reached with thesecountries at the time of the 1997 Economic Census regard-ing the classification of construction industries. The 28five- and six-digit NAICS construction industries are theresult of an expansion and a restructuring of the 26 four-digit SIC industries of 1987.

ESTABLISHMENT BASIS OF REPORTING

The construction sector is conducted on an establish-ment basis. A construction establishment is defined as arelatively permanent office or other place of businesswhere the usual business activities related to construction

C–2 APPENDIX C CONSTRUCTION


are conducted. With some exceptions, a relatively perma-nent office is one which has been established for the man-agement of more than one project or job and which isexpected to be maintained on a continuing basis. Suchestablishment activities include, but are not limited to,estimating, bidding, purchasing, supervising, and opera-tion of the actual construction work being conducted atone or more construction sites. Separate constructionreports were not required for each project or constructionsite.

Companies with more than one construction establish-ment were required to submit a separate report for eachestablishment operated during any part of the censusyear. The construction sector figures represent a tabula-tion of records for individual establishments rather thanfor companies.

If an establishment was engaged in construction andone or more distinctly different lines of economic activityat the same place of business, it was requested to file aseparate report for each activity, provided that the activitywas of substantial size and separate records were main-tained. If a separate establishment report could not beprepared for each activity, then a construction report was

requested covering all activities of that establishment pro-viding that the value of construction work exceeded thegross receipts from each of its other activities.

DUPLICATION IN VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK

The aggregate of value of construction work reportedby all construction establishments in each of the industry,geographic area, or other groupings contains varyingamounts of duplication. This is because the constructionwork of one firm may be subcontracted to other construc-tion firms and may also be included in the subcontractors’value of construction work. Also, part of the value of con-struction results from the use of products of nonconstruc-tion industries as input materials. These products arecounted in the nonconstruction industry as well as part ofthe value of construction. Value added avoids this duplica-tion and is, for most purposes, the best measure for com-paring the relative economic importance of industries orgeographic areas. Value added for construction industriesis defined as the dollar value of business done less costsfor construction work subcontracted to others and pay-ments for materials, components, supplies, and fuels.

APPENDIX C C–3CONSTRUCTION


Appendix D.Geographic Notes

Not applicable for this report.

APPENDIX D D–11997 ECONOMIC CENSUS


Appendix E.Metropolitan Areas

Not applicable for this report.

APPENDIX E E–11997 ECONOMIC CENSUS


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