A Study Of Construction Of Research Centre Using

Green Building Technology

PROJECT ASSOCIATES

MANIDEEP.MARGAMP.PRAMOD REDDYA.LAKSHMI NARAYANA

PROJECT GUIDE

Ms . V. ARUNA

Content INTRODUCTIONNEW ECO FRIENDLY PRODUCTS IN MARKETDATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONSTRUCTURAL, INTERIORS AND

ARCHITECTURALRAIN WATER COLLECTION AND ITS

DISPOSALLEEDCOMPARISION BETWEEN GREEN BUILDING

AND ORDINARY BUILDINGCONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

Green building is an outcome of a design which focuses on the reduction of overall impact of the built environment on human health and the natural environment by:

Human population per sq.Km of country area

CountryYear

1947 2009 2049

India 121 350 581

China — 132 141

U.S.A. — 34 49

Actual open area shared by number of people

Storey of

buildingTotal houses

Covered area

sq.ft.Ground open

area sq.ft.

Persons living

in total

apartment

1 24 36,000 25,200 96

5 120 180,000 25,200 480

10 240 360,000 25,200 960

15 360 540,000 25,200 1,440

Need for studyPeople are attracted towards a green building –

Operational SavingsDaylights & ViewsAir Quality

A typical office building would require purging of fresh air of about 15 cfm/person which provides a fresh ambience inside the building.

According to the statistics proven, these conserve 40-50% of energy, 20-30% water compared to that of conventional buildings.

 The green buildings conserve:

39 % of total energy use, 12 % of total water consumption,68 % of total electricity consumption,38 % of total carbon dioxide emission.

Need for study

Research MethodologySITE DATA

The site for the USP Campus in Hyderabad measures

approximately 4 acres. The site has access roads along the

South, East & Western.

The site has a contour drop of around 8.0m from East to

West and the terrain is rocky with rock outcrops on the

eastern parcel of the site.

Being a rocky land the design is such that the excavation is

minimized to avoid rock cutting.

The main material used in the construction of research

centre using Green building technology is, the total

building is constructed with “Light weight concrete”.

Survey Drawing No: MP-SY-2001 version R0

NEW ECO-FRIENDLY PRODUCT IN MARKETLight Weight Concrete:Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC), also known as autoclaved cellular concrete (ACC) or autoclaved lightweight concrete (ALC) was invented in the mid- precast building material that simultaneously provides structure, insulation, and fire and mold resistance. AAC products include blocks, wall panels, floor and roof panels, and lintels.1920s by the Swedish architect and inventor Johan Axel Eriksson.

Advantages:AAC’s excellent thermal efficiency makes a major

contribution to environmental protection by sharply reducing the need for heating and cooling in buildings.

AAC’s easy workability allows accurate cutting, which minimizes the generation of solid waste during use. Unlike other building materials, AAC can eliminate the need to be used in combination with insulation products, which increase the environmental impact and cost of construction.

AAC’s high resource efficiency gives it low environmental impact in all phases of its life cycle, from processing of raw materials to the disposal of AAC waste.

AAC’s light weight also saves energy in transportation. The fact that AAC is up to five times lighter than concrete leads to significant reductions in CO2 emissions during transportation. In addition, many AAC manufacturers apply the principle of producing as near to their consumer markets as possible to reduce the need for transportation.

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONProject Needs:

As part of several discussions with USP the definition of the projects needs is described as follows.

The campus shall have: Laboratories –Analytical, Microbiology, Bio-Analytical

& Synthetic Labs Support lab functions – Wash, stores, cold rooms, etc. Lab scientists workspaces Administration Offices Meeting rooms & training facility Cafeteria Library Utility infrastructure Parking

Applicable codes and References

Architectural/Interiors:

Regulations by ICICI Knowledge ParkHyderabad Metropolitan

Development AuthorityNational Building Code –for

circulation standards, toilet design except fire and in case it is stringentPollution Control Board regulationsNational Fire Protection Act (NFPA) -

for staircase design, railings, materials in fire rated areas

Structural Design Codes:

IS1893 :2002 for Seismic protectionIS 456:2000 – for Plain & Reinforced concreteIS 875:1987 Part 1 – Code of practice for design loads for building & structure- dead loadsIS 875:1987 Part 2 – Code of practice for design loads for building & structure imposed loadsIS 875:1987 Part 3 – Code of practice for design loads for building & structure- wind loadsIS 800: Code of practice for General construction in Structural steelIS 1893:1984: Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structureSP16:1980 – Design aids reinforced Concrete to IS:456-1978IS 1904 Indian Standard Code of practice for design & construction of foundations in Soil: General RequirementsIS 2950 Indian Standard Code of practice for design & construction of raft foundation (Part – 1)IS 2974 Code of practice for design & construction of machine foundation.SP 34 Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement & detailingIRC 57 - Design of Rigid pavements.IS 1786:1985 – Code of practice for reinforcing SteelIS: 8112-1989- Ordinary Portland CementSP 23:1982 – Concrete Design MixIS:226 – Standard Structural Steel SectionsIS 816-1969 Code of practice for use of metal arc welding of general construction in mild steel, and IS 9595-1980.

Safety:Safety is one of the prime aspects for the design and functioning of this facility. The safety aspects covered in this section are related to the design aspects for this facility.

 

Architecture:All access ways –vertical or horizontal shall be disabled friendly –use of ramps, elevators, grab bars etc.All labs shall have minimum 2 exits to cater to escape routes.Fire escape staircases have been provided at strategic locations for a max. Travel distance of 45m (as per NBC).Safety shower & eye washes are provided at strategic locations.All exit corridors shall not have any obstructions & the clear widths shall be maintained Panic bars shall be provided at fire exit ways.Handrails along any level differencesPathways in external areas shall have rough/anti-skid finishThere should always be clear space around safety showers or eyewashes, fire extinguishers, and electrical controls.

Safety and Security systemAll access control doors shall be deactivated in case of fire which shall be connected to the Fire panel. Smoke and heat detectors shall be provided in all spaces and connected to the fire panel.The PA system shall be activated in case of fire and announcement shall be made to make the users aware of an emergency situation.CCTV system is being proposed to monitor the site periphery. The cameras shall be placed at strategic locations on the compound wall. Cameras are also proposed in entry/exit points and in the buildings.

Laboratory design

Ventilated reagent storages are proposed for storing of reagents to ensure that the solvent vapours are extracted out of the lab.All volatile and flammable chemicals shall be

handled inside the fume hood.All Laboratory equipment shall have emergency

shutdown procedures that are posted on equipment or near to the equipment.All Laboratory scientists must know the location

and proper use of all Laboratory safety equipment, including first aid kit(s), eyewash, fire extinguisher, and telephone.During an emergency the containers must be

closed, gas valves turned off and any electrical equipment turned off.

STRUCTURAL,INTERIORS AND ARCHITECTURAL

General building design procedure:Step 1: Plan the approximate layout of the building Step 2: Calculate dead and snow loadStep 3: Design steel roof decksStep 4: Select OWSJ’s (Open Web Steel Joist) Step 5: Design beamStep 6: Design columnStep 7: Design steel column bore platesStep 8: Design footingStep 9: Create engineering drawingStep 10: Final check and submission.

Design Philosophy and Approach for the Structural Design

The basic aim of structural design of the buildings is to ensure the achievement of satisfactory behavior during the intended design life. With appropriate degree of safety they should sustain all the loads coming during construction and use. Adequate durability and fire resistance are other major factors governing the design.

Robustness:Proposed Structures are planned and designed, so that they are not unreasonably Susceptible to effects of accident wherein damage to small area of failure of single element may lead to collapse of major portions of the structure.

Serviceability:The design properties of materials and the design loads comply with design codes specified in later part of this report and would typically include:

i. Deflection Criteria:

Deflection due to vertical loading:

Final deflection below level of supports should not be greater than l/250 where l is the span of the member or the length of the cantilever. Deflection after installation of elements such as cladding and partitions not greater than l/500 or 20mm whichever is lesser. 

ii. Response to wind loads:

Limiting the deflection to h/500 under design conditions and the storey drift to 0.04 *Storey height

iii. Cracking of concrete:Design surface crack width due to

applied loads or thermal or shrinkage effects not greater than 0.3 mm

iv. Vibrations:By avoidance of discomfort or alarm to

occupants, structural damage or interference with proper functioning

v. Durability:Durability is achieved by integration of

all aspects of design material and construction technology. The environmental effect to which the concrete or steel is exposed is taken into account during the design by providing adequate cover to reinforcement and use of protective coatings to structural steel works.

The nominal cover provided to reinforcement would be:

STRUCTURAL

ELEMENT

COVER

Foundation and retaining walls 50mm

Column 40mm

Beams 25mm

Slabs 20mm

Stair case waist slab 20mm

Walls above ground 25mm

Parapets and Balustrade 25mm

vi. Fatigue:

Cyclical or repetitive loadings such as crane movement etc. shall be catered for in the design of the relevant elements of the structure.

vii. Fire Resistance:

The design of structural elements is to be based on fire resistance levels to satisfy BIS (IS 456:2000) requirements as advised.

Material Properties: Concrete of design strength of 30 MPa will generally be used for structural concrete works.Columns strength would be enhanced to M35 in special cases as determined by the Oncoming loads onto the building.

Reinforcing steel used in the design shall primarily be:High Yield Twisted Steel bars Fe 415 with a characteristic strength of 415 N/mm².Welded Mesh reinforcement with a characteristic strength of 485 N/mm².Mild steel reinforcement with a characteristic strength of 250 N/mm².

Loading CriteriaDead and Super Imposed Dead loads:

Concrete: 25 KN/cum

Steel: 78.5 KN/cumScreed: 25KN/cum or 1.5 KN/m² for floor finishesBrick Masonry: 2.2 KN/m height for 115 mm thickness 4.4 KN/m height for 230 mm thicknessBlock Masonry: 3.8 KN/m height for 200 mm thickness 1.9 KN/m height for100 mm thicknessPartitions and Ceilings for office floors will be designed for 1.0 KN/m².Load from utilities and services suspended from ceiling would be 1.0 KN/m².

Wind loads:The design wind speed for Hyderabad is 44 m/s with following reduction factors for determining the design wind pressure (dynamic).

Imposed loads:The following design imposed loads will be used for this building:Office: 4.0 KN/m²Dining, Cafeteria: 3.0 KN/m²HVAC, Plant rooms: 5.0 KN/m²Switch gear room: 7.5 KN/m²Store: 2.5 KN/m² per meter height of storageLaboratories: 5.0 KN/m²Staircases: 4.0 KN/m²Balconies: 4.0 KN/m²Terrace: 4.0 KN/m²

Balustrade Loading: Balustrades are to be designed as follows:

All other handrails, balustrades and the like, including parapets and railings to all roofs, shall be designed to resist a static load of 0.75 kN/m acting inward, outward or downward, or the appropriate wind load, whichever produces the most adverse effects.Balustrades, which may be called upon to restrain crowds or people under panic conditions, are to be designed for a load of 3 kN/m.

Geo technical Conditions:  Based on prevailing data of nearby areas, safe

bearing capacity of soil considered for the design calculation is 230 kpa at 1.5 mts depth. However, design calculations shall be revalidated after the receipt of soil exploration report of the project site.

Beam and Slab Option:Reinforced Concrete framed structure with 600 x 750 mm RC Columns with Shallow beams 600 mm deep x 750 mm wide are provided to support 200/225/250 mm thick slabs along larger span and 450 x 600 mm beam along shorter span. The floor panels are typically 12.55 x 8m in most of the cases. This conventional system of construction is ideally suited for a low rise development where there is adequate headroom available. However the beam depths are kept to least possible dimension to maximize the head room but still satisfy the serviceability and strength criteria set out in IS 456.

Design Criteria and Description: Site Location: Hyderabad, India. Geographic location: 17.86 deg N Latitude Altitude: 1787 feet above sea level.

 Outdoor Design Conditions:

Based on the past experience with several projects in Hyderabad and ISHRAEClimatologically and Solar Data, the outdoor design conditions shall be considered as: Summer 106 ºF (41.1 ºC) DB 78 ºF (25.6 ºC) WBMonsoon 85 ºF (29.4 ºC) DB 81 ºF (27.2 ºC) WBWinter 55 ºF (12.8 ºC) DB 48 ºF (8.9 ºC) WB

InteriorsDesign description:The block shall be basically

divided into following areas.The reception lobby & Visitors areaThe laboratoriesLab Office spacesAdministration facilitySupporting activities like Library, training centre, CafeteriaUtility spaces.

Architectural

Design Elements:Block B1-Main Lab/Admin Block

Block B2-Solvent/Chemical Storage

Block B3-Utility block

Block B4-Distribution Block

Machinery controller

Fire extinguisher machinery

RAIN WATER, ITS COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL

Terrace Rainwater collection and disposal:The terrace rainwater is taken out by using rigid PVC pipes rated for 4 kg/cm²pressure and connected to the proposed storm water drain available near the building.

 

Storm water recharge & disposal:Storm Water from the proposed USP campus is routed through RC Hume pipes & catch basins located on the periphery of the building & finally connecting to the external drain, it is also used to recharge the bore wells using recharge pits / percolation pits located at strategic points in the premises & future area shall be provided with a swale type drain connected to a collection tank (proposed with basic treatment plant & reused the same treated water for landscape & other requirement). The over flow from the collection tank will be let into the existing IKP Storm water drain available near to the site.

A leading-edge system for designing, constructing, operating and certifying the world’s greenest buildings.

LEED STANDS FOR LEADERSHIP IN ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN

LEED Categories:Under the LEED certification program green building design focuses on five main categories:

Sustainable Sites Water Efficiency Energy and Atmosphere Materials and Resources Indoor Environmental Quality

COMPARISON BETWEEN GREEN BUILDING AND ORDINARY BUILDING AND ITS ADVANTAGES

CIVIL WORKS:Usage of ACC blocks in place of ordinary clay

blocks.Usage of fly ash upto 30% replacement of

cement in all the structural works.Storm water tanks used for the fire water and

other PHE usages.Rain water harvesting pits are provided.Usage of sewage treatment water for harvesting

and toilet flush.Roof top plantation.

SOLAR SYSTEM:•50% of street lights are on solar system.•Solar system, photo voltaic system for the corridor lighting.

HVAC:•Usage of R134A for refrigerant in place of R22.•Heat recovery wheels are placed in the system to reduce the power.•TES (Thermal Energy Storage) tanks were installed to decrease the usage of energy.•Hot water from return was used for usage of hot water supply in toilets and kitchen etc.

ORIENTATION OF BUILDING: The building is facing South direction. 80% of facade area for the glazing is on North and South

directions. Staircases were present on East and West directions.

LIFTS:Lifts are used only for PHE’s only (G+2) and utility purpose only.

LIGHTING:Usage of LED lighting as compared to CFL.Usage of sensors in all the cabins for lighting

system.Monitoring of all the systems on BMS (Building

Management Systems).

ADVANTAGES: 2-storm water storage of 30,000 litres each are arranged

for the storage of rain water. They can be used as storage tanks and bares the water of about 3 day’s storage.

Sewage and treatment tanks (STT) - Reusing of sewage water after treatment for harvesting (Gardening).

Fly ash is used in R.C.C works and P.C.C (Buildings and C.C roads). In this, cement is replaced by 30% of fly ash.

A.C.C blocks are replaced in place of clay blocks. Thermal cooling system over terrace (A.C.C blocks over

roof) to decrease heat losses. Solar lighting system for street lights and internal lightings. Separate waste storage for recyclable waste material

(papers, plywood, glass, cardboard etc.,). Sensors for electrical lighting/HVAC system in meeting

rooms and corridors/library. Orientation of building (Main elevation) - openings with

glass windows for South and North direction and closed walls for East and West directions. And glass used is of 0.38 k.

CONCLUSION

The green buildings gives the facility a campus feels, and

creates an environment of creative thoughts and interaction which

will help in exchange of ideas. The design shall also be energy

efficient.

From the design point of view, the design specifications are to be

thoroughly satisfied, since no compromise can be made regarding

the stability of the structure.

Quality control plays a vital role in the construction of the

structure. The quality control department in the site is of major

importance. Appropriate precautionary measures are to be taken

to avoid the use of inefficient material.

The fire fighting system which can efficiently control the

hazardous effects of sudden fires and which minimizes the loss is

importance in this structure.

Safety and security plays a major role, because huge equipment

man power get involved while constructing these kind of huge

structures.

Therefore, proper formulation of rules and regulations regarding

safety is mandatory.

The green building experiences in India have been exciting and

challenging as well. Since its introduction in 2001, the LEED rating

has emerged as a very useful tool in designing a green building.

Now there is an imminent need for service providers, who would

be required in large numbers, not in hundreds but thousands, as

the movement is heading to reach greater heights.

The green building movement is here to stay for the benefit

of individuals, society and the country at large.

SAVE ENVIRONMENT WITH GREEN CONSTRUCTION

THANK YOU

QUERIES????