Construction OSH Management
Guidelines
Amree Bin Ghazi
Construction Safety Division
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
Pilot Project On OSHCIM
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What is the contributing factors to
accident/incident?
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Slope Failure , Tanjung Bungah , 2017
• Failure to identify risk
• Failed to recognize the
significance of earlier
incident
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Falsework failure, Penang, 2013
• Installation of falsework
component
• Falsework system
unstable(curved, skewed)
• Unclear method
statement
• Lack of information on
falsework design
• Failed to recognize
complexity of the work
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Falsework failure, JB, 2013
• Installation of falsework is
not according to design
• Lack of competence
people during installation,
inspection
• Insufficient SOP during
concreting – no person to
inspect while concreting,
inspection must be done
before concreting
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Roof structure collapse, Terengganu 2013
• Incomplete method
statement –
MS2318:2012
• Incompetent contractor
• Failure to identify risk due
to change of process
• Failure to recognize the
significance of previous
report
• Failure to recognize the
complexity of work
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Viaduct toppled during installation, Selangor,
2014
• Lack of supervision
• Failure to identify risk due
to change of process
• Lack of inspection and
testing
• Effective communication
failure
• Lack of sub-contractor
management
• Unsafe SOP
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Fatal accident cases from the
DOSH’s website (http://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/en/fatal-accident-case)
If you analyse the cases, you will realise that:
Accidents are commonly repeating
Lower level of control measures are commonly cited
Ensuring safety needs common sense
http://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/en/fatal-accident-case)
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HSE Research Report 2003
5 key elements to construction safety
Managing the risks by applying the risk management approach and the general principles of prevention;
Appointing the right people and organisations at the right time;
Making sure everyone has the information, instruction, training and supervision they need to carry out their jobs in a way that secures safety and health;
Duty holders cooperating and communicating with each other and coordinating their work; and
Consulting workers and engaging with them to promote and develop effective measures to secure safety, health and welfare
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Fundamental to future construction legislation
Catalyst for improving industry’s poor OSH performance
Signify policy shift – self-regulated, cooperation, performance-based approach, duty holders
Occupational Fatalities 1999-2017
146 15989 88 95 81 81 64 76
11347
88 109 73 84 89140 160
187
1004958
858 822 846
716 696754 730 746
689726 755
582 617 573
668 688 650
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Construction All Industries
Source: DOSH, SOCSO, DoL, CIDB
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Occupational Fatality Rate 2011-2017
9.62
6.276.75
7.26
10.94
12.78 12.9
6.17
4.64 4.624.21
4.84 4.84 4.49
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Construction All IndustriesSource: DOSH
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Characteristics of the industry
multifacettransient
work sites
fragmentedstage and process
dependent
work and people are constantly changing
movement of people and
plant
dynamiccomplex
multiple contractors/ employers
labour intensive
contractual arrangement
movement of people and
plant
foreign workers
complex product
varying working culture
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Biggest challenges to OSH in construction
Changing the working culture of stakeholders
Primary responsibility lies with business who creates risk
DOSH should influence & encourage - punitive actions only to deter
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Construction OSH Management Guidelines -
Significance
Managing OSH at planning and design stage is more effective
Provide practical guidance to the client, designer and contractor
OSH is shared responsibilities & team work to design hazards out
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Encourage all parties to take responsibility, by better planning, design & management
Those who can influence OSH during project lifecycle are made responsible
OSH should be treated as an essential, but normal part of the project
Ability to influence safety1
1 R. Szymberski, “Construction Project Safety Planning” TAPPI Journal, 1997.
Construction OSH Management Guidelines -
Significance
Across US, 42% of construction fatalities were related to design issues between the years 1990 and 20031
A 1991 study done in Europe found that 60% of fatalities were the result of decisions made before the site work even began2
63% of all fatalities and injuries could be attributed to design decisions of lack of planning3
1 Behm, M., Linking construction fatalities to the design for construction concept (2005)2 European Foundation for the Imrpovement of Living and Working Conditions (1991)3 NSW WorkCover, CHAIR Safety in Design Tool, 2001
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Ability to influence safety1
Ability to Influence on safety
Costs
Resources Deployed
Conception Detailed Design Procurement Construction Start Up
Low
High
Project Schedule
Maximum
return on
efforts Maximum
resources
deployment
1 R. Szymberski, “Construction Project Safety Planning” TAPPI Journal, 1997.21
Construction OSH Management Guidelines -
Overview
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Construction OSH Management Guidelines -
Fundamental
the right information
at the right time
for the right people
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Individual competency1.• Those appointed must have the skills, knowledge, training and
experience to carry out the work they will be employed
Organisational capability2.• Appointed organisation must have the policies and systems in place to
set acceptable safety and health standards which comply with the law, & resources and people to ensure the standards are delivered
Right time3.• Appointing consultant or contractor at the right time, so that they have
enough time to plan and manage for safety and health
Appointing the right people and organisations at
the right time
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Appointing the right people and organisations at
the right time
• In a proposed mix development, a client required five high-rise buildings to be designed and connected at the mid and top floors via curved sky bridges.
.
• The client initially appointed a building designer for the design, but subsequently realised that the building designer did not have the experience and knowledge to design the curved sky bridges.
.
• The client then appointed a bridge designer to design the curved sky bridges while the building designer designed the building.
.
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Appointing the right people and organisations at
the right time
A client awarded a contract to a principal contractor for the demolition of an old shopping complex.
While it was unknown during the tender stage, it was later discovered that the building that was to be demolished had a pre-stressed floors.
With this new information, the principal contractor would need more time to engage and work with contractors who are pre-stressed specialists to help demolish this building.
Hence, the client should provide the principal contractor with additional time and resources to resolve this situation.
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Appointing the right people and organisations at
the right time
All person should:
Ensure persons who are appointed are competent
Not accept in appointment unless they are competent
Not instruct a worker to carry out/ manage design/ work unless he is competent
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Managing the risk by applying the risk
management approach & general principles of
preventionAvoidance of risks
Eliminations of hazards or substitution for something
less hazardous
Reducing or limiting the duration of exposure to the
hazard
Isolation/ segregation
Engineering controls
Safe systems of work
Training and information
PPE
Welfare
Monitoring and supervision
Hazard
Prevention
through
Design
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Managing the risk by applying the risk
management approach & general principles
of prevention
1. Avoid risks
2. Evaluate risks which cannot be avoided
3. Combat the risks at source
4. Adapt the work to the individual
5. Adapt to technical progress
6. Replace dangerous by non-dangerous or less
dangerous
7. Develop a coherent overall prevention policy
8. Give collective protective measures priority over
individual protective measures
9. Give appropriate instructions to employees
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Managing the risk by applying the risk
management approach & general principles of
prevention
Avoid risk where possible;
evaluate those risks that cannot be avoided; and
put in place proportionate measures that control them at source.
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How designer can contribute to safety?
Parapet vs. roof anchor1
• The study compared the cost and risk of installing parapet system or roof anchor system to prevent falls from roof edge hazard.
• The parapet system was found to be an expensive, but safer alternative compared with the roof anchor system.
• The roof anchor system is the least expensive option, but the fall hazard is not eliminated when using a personal fall arrest system. A fall restraint system should be used to prevent the fall, but not feasible for all roofs.
• The roof anchor system creates more risk during installation of temporary guardrails, and reduces productivity by 15%
• Both the anchor and parapet options do not affect the quality of the product.
• Study allows owners and designers to make an informed decision while choosing design solutions
1 Rajendran & Gambatese (2013), Risk and financial impacts of prevention through designs solutions.31
Information
Information
Instruction
Instruction
Training
Training
Supervision
Supervision
Required level will depend on the risks involved in the
project, complexity and scale of the project and the
level of skills, knowledge, training and experience of
the workforce
Making sure everyone has the information,
instruction, training and supervision
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Making sure everyone has the information,
instruction, training and supervision
PRE-CONSTRUCTION INFORMATION
•Descr ipt ion of the project;
•Client ’s considerat ions and management requirements;
•Environmental restr ic t ions and exist ing on-site r isks;
•Signif icant design and construct ion hazards; and etc.
CONSTRUCTION PHASE PLAN
•Descr ipt ion of the project;
•Safety and health management of the work ;
• Ident i f icat ion of signif icant s i te r isks.
SAFETY AND HEALTH FILE
•A br ief descr ipt ion of the work carr ied out;
•Histor ic s i te data;
•Any hazards that have not been el im inated;
• Invest igat ion reports & records;
•Statement of design phi losophy, key structural pr inciples; and etc.
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Information
Information
Instruction
Instruction
Training
Training
Supervision
Supervision
Workers are provided with information and instruction that include:
a. suitable site induction;
b. emergency procedures; and
c. information on hazards, risks and control measures put in place.
Making sure everyone has the information,
instruction, training and supervision
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Information
Information
Instruction
Instruction
Training
Training
Supervision
Supervision
Establishing training needs to workers:
a. assess the existing safety and health skills, knowledge, training
and experience;
b. compare these attributes with the range of skills, knowledge,
training and experience they will need for the job; and
c. identify any shortfall between (a) and (b). The difference between
the two will be the ‘necessary training’.
As a general rule, if the person being assessed demonstrates the
required qualities, no further training should be needed.
Making sure everyone has the information,
instruction, training and supervision
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Information
Information
Instruction
Instruction
Training
Training
Supervision
Supervision
Appropriate supervision must be provided.
a. Closer supervision if they are inexperienced/ starting new work
b. Assess level of safety awareness, education, physical agility,
literacy and attitude
Let them know how to get supervisory help, even when supervisor is
not present.
BOWECS Reg. requires SSS and CSS, for several work activities
designated person must be appointed to provide supervision
Making sure everyone has the information,
instruction, training and supervision
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• to ensure safety and health
• to ensure everyone complies with the law
Cooperating
• to make sure everyone understands the risks and the measures to control those risk
• between main coontractors of different sites
Communicating
• among sub-contractors who start at different stages
• flow of information and instruction
Coordinating
Everyone cooperating and communicating with
each other and coordinating their work
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Revie
w m
eeting b
y c
lients with designers and contractors, who may affect design,
construction and maintenance at various key stages of the project
during which indentified foreseeable design risk, if not eliminated, is reduced, and residual risks are recorded and communicated
is typically conducted during pre-construction phase, but can be done during construction phase
looks at design risks which begins on the drawing board, and considers how a building or structure can be constructed, maintained, cleaned and demolished safely
Everyone cooperating and communicating with
each other and coordinating their work
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Everyone cooperating and communicating with
each other and coordinating their work
During the review, one of the items discussed was the installation of glossy ceramic floor tiles
which would get wet and slippery during washing or when water got spilled onto them, in the kitchen, cold rooms and toilet areas
Installation of the tiles in these areas would possibly lead to cleaners or kitchen staff slipping or falling
With this consideration, the team agreed that floor finishes at these areas should be of non-slip material to reduce the risk of slips and falls
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Co
nsu
lta
tio
n a
nd
e
ng
ag
em
en
tIt is required under the law!
Helping spot workplace risks and knowing what to do about them
Making sure safety and health controls are appropriate
Increasing level of commitment to working in a safe and healthy way
Consulting workers and engaging with them to
promote and develop effective measures
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MILESTONE FOR OSHCIM 2017 - 2020
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Launched by HR Minister
(28 Feb 2017)
Promotional works
(since Mar 2017)
Embedded into CITP
(Jun 2017)
Embedded into Construction OSH
Strategic Plan (Nov 2017)
Development of Training
Modules for Duty Holders (2018)
Implementation of Training Modules
(2019)
Enactment of OSHCIM
regulations and ICOP (2020)
Enforcement of OSHCIM and
ICOP (post 2020)
• Training modules for client, designer, contractors
• Case study
• Industry/professional involvement
• OSHCIM becomes mandatory
Good practices
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Thank You
Q & A