Construction Safety Management

Construction Safety Management

Unit-I

Syllabus

•Construction Safety Management: role of various parties, duties and responsibilities of top management, site managers, supervisors etc. role of safety officers, responsibilities of general employees, safety committee, safety training, incentives and monitoring, writing safety manuals, preparing safety checklists and inspection reports.

Introduction

• Construction activity in India has travelled a long distance, from the humble beginning of building simple structures and roads and minor civil work projects, the industry has changed significantly particularly over the years following independence.• The social concern of the safety of construction workers and their protection against injury arising out of their employment has been quite evident from a long term.

Construction Industry

Introduction

• Importance of Safety• The construction industry, employing the largest labour force in the country has accounted for about 11 % of all occupational injuries and 20 % of all deaths resulting from occupational accidents. The cost of accidents is expensive. However, economic cost is not the only reason for which a contractor should be conscious of safety. The reasons for considering safety include:

Construction Safety

Introduction

• Humanitarian Concern: When the accident happens, the resulting suffering of the injured workers and their families is difficult to quantify in economic terms. The contractor should never ignore if he has insurance against accidents. • Economic Reasons: Even if a contractor has

insurance, he will find out that the cost of accidents will come out of his own pocket through an increase in increase premiums. In addition, there are othe indirect costs that result from accidents. The direct & indirect cost of accidents can be

Construction Safety

Introduction

Direct Cost• Medical Care expenses for injured• Workmen’s compensation costs• Insurance premium increases.• Replacement cost of equipment and material damaged in

accidents.• Facility repair and cleanup • Replacement cost of equipment ad material damaged in

accidents• Facility repair and cleanup.• Fee for legal counsel

Construction Safety

Introduction

Indirect Cost• Slowdown in operation• Decrease in morale which affects productivity• Productive time lost by injured worker and fellow

workers• Administrative work associated with accidents• Loss of clients • Overtime necessitated by work slowdown

Construction Safety

Introduction

• Laws & Regulations As per different acts & Laws, the employer should look after the safety of the employee. Violation of these laws will be subjected to punishment.

Organizational Image•A good safety Record can produce higher morale and productivity and stronger employee loyalty. It will also improve the company’s public Image and therefore make it easier to acquire negotiated jobs.

Construction Safety

Construction Safety

Safety in construction Industry

•An organization setup Safety Engineering Department has to play basically the role of catalyst which communicates the message of safety and motivates the employee to adopt safe practices. For exercising their effective control over unsafe practices and ensue safety each & every line manager has to understand the importance of safety.

Role of Managers

• Safe Production should be motto of the manager. With a strong conviction of safety, he has to impart the message. • Instruction of Work• This should contain all the element of information• Who: Assignment of Responsibility• How: Standard operating practices• When: time schedule• Where: Place of work• What: The work to be assigned

Role of Managers

Role of Managers

• Instruction should be clear, specific, easily understood by employees. If any of the above element is missing it will result in “ Communication Gap”.

. Supervision • A line manager should watch closely whether his instruction

are followed and 100 % safe practices.• Persuasion • Employee are to be persuaded to mold their behavior to

adopt safe practices. 5 min safety interaction by the shift in-charge before deployment on the job will slowly change employee’s behavior

Role of Managers

Role of Managers

• Training: • Every job demands a level of technical knowledge and skill. It’s the responsibility of a line manager to train the employee to gain knowledge and skill comparable to job hazards. • Motivation• To motivate the employee to observe safety norms, should be encouraged by the line managers. A team or individual who is safety conscious should be suitable and timely rewarded. The first principle is to practice what we preach.

Role of Managers

Role of Managers

• Summing Up:• A line manager has the following role to play:• To ensure operation with acceptable safety standards.• To ensure follow up of all stator norms and safety recommendations• To keep employee informed about hazards, risks and safety measures.• To procure material and equipment which meet safety requirement.• To formulate and implement standard operating and maintenance

practices.• To ensure proper up keep of equipment.• To ensure proper work environment.• To formulate and implement inspection schedules for house-keeping

Role of Managers

Role of Managers

• To ensure restricted entry in vital/ hazardous installation.• To arrange for suitable job and safety training by

expert faculties.• To ensure use of safety appliances as per jobs,• To ensure proper safety training to new employee.• To show concern for safety in every jobs. • To plan for emergency situations and make arrangements i.e. . Fire fighting transport, medical services.

Role of Safety Officers

• The basic functions of safety officers can be listed as follows:• Inspection of shops, and equipment's, with a view to

identification of hazards, unsafe practices and conditions,• Assessment of Hazards and help liquidation of Unsafe point

so that at least acceptable level of risk is achieved.• Investigation of all minor and major accidents and

documentations of statistics and building of management information system• Communication of information to statutory body and the

management.• Checking of system of work, identify the lapses and giving

feedback to management for setting things right.



• To liaison with factory inspector and ensure compliance of statutory norms.• To educate all employee regarding provisions under factory act.• Training and deployment based on need based safety training inputs including contractor workers.• Safety monitoring of major repair associated in protocol jobs.• To organize safety Audits.• To create safety awareness by innovative work in the field of

safety, display posters, hoardings, banners, slogans.• To monitor and ensure excellence in industrial Safety Management.


Role of Employee

• Following are the model code of Code of conduct.• Every employee will co-operate with the employer in

carrying out the provisions of this code.• Every employee shall forth with report the employer

or the foreman any defect that he may discover in the Industrial Establishment or the appliances used there on • Every employee shall make proper use of all safe guards, safety devices and the appliance furnished in accordance with the code for his protection or the protection of others and shall obey all safety instructions made or approved by the competent authority, pertaining to his work.

Role of Employee

Role of Employee

• No employee shall interfere with remove, displace, damage or destroy any safety devices or the other appliances furnished for his protection, or the protection of others or interfere with any method or process adopted with a view to minimizing occupational hazards. • All employee shall comply, in regard to their conduct, with the requirement of their code.

Role of Employee

Approaches to Safety

• Mr. Trevor Kietz of ICI U.K has enlisted various approaches to safety. • The Prist Type: This is a method of sermon giving where a safety manager

conveys only benefits of safety to the workers.• The Lawer Type: Such managers believes in statutory obligations. He sees

every aspect of safety with references to acts and rules.• Police Man type: He sees safety with punishment angle and brands

injured employee as careless. He imposes safety without going into details. He is a fault finder not a fact finder.

• Statician type; In this method statistics are collected and safety needs are explained on this basis.

• Engineer like: He believes that the only way to combact evil of accidents is by introducing technical system in industrial activities.

• Postman type approach: He believes in display of safety posters and slogans. • All the above methods separately applied yields partial results.

Role of Management in Ensuring Safety

• The basic ingredient of safety Management can be listed as follows: • To setup a strong foundation by suitable staffing of safety managers.(Organizing)• To establish a system of reporting, Investigation, data collection, analysis and decision making.(Organizing)• To predict, discover, control and eliminate the hazards(Planning)• To promote safety activities to impart knowledge and skill

(Leading)• To apprise worker regarding man-machine interface

(Communication)



• To analyze the cause of accidents in time and enforce remedies (Planning) • To motivate workers by suitable rewards and recognition

(Leading) • To be keen in good house keeping, removing unsafe condition (Organizing)• To care for job satisfaction by proper deployment. (Leading) • To make disaster management plan & enforce (Planning) • To make action plan for each managers within time frame

and review (Planning) • Discussion on compliance and corrective action (Controlling)


Safety Management

• Safety management is essential for the desired changes in system of work and attitudes.

• It develops a sense of safety in work activities.• It helps in acquiring basic knowledge of hazards and precautions.• To prepare employee to make useful contribution• To develop clean habits• To increase efficiency in the use of tools, equipment's and processes.• To consider and implement useful and effective suggestions.• To make workplace more pleasant and human with the application

of ergonomics and house keeping.• To generate feeling of Participation and Job satisfaction,• To achieve the goal of quality, productivity and profit.

Safety Management

Management Aspect

• Safety Manual• Prepare a safety manual for the company.• Safety Co-coordinator• Depute full time/ part time safety coordinators

depending upon the size of the project site and natural hazards.• Worker Screening• Screening of Workmen

Management Aspect

• Project Safety Plan• Prepare a project safety Plan• (a) Overall Scope of work : Fabrication, erection, excavation, concreting, brickwork, finishing work, painting, blasting, non destructive tests, etc. • (b) Obligation Chart: Responsibility of the line functionaries and reporting of the line functionaries and reporting of the safety engineering functions

Management Aspect

• © Safety Committee (all jobs) • Structures: Chairman, Secretary and Members• Roles & Responsibilities• Project Manager• Safety Committee members• Safety coordinators• Site engineers• First line supervisors/ Engineers• Subcontractors

Management Aspect

(d) Job Related specific PPE(e) General Site safety Rules • Use of PPE and safety devices relevant to site activities• General house keeping, stacking of materials.• Road safety inside the projects• Access/ egress and workstation safety.• Safe Use of Construction Power.• Work permit System• Use of maintenance and inspection of plant and machinery• Use of safe materials handling and personal handling equipment.• Fire Prevention and protection• Contingency Plan

Management Aspect

Management Aspect

• Identification of High Risk/ Hazardous Operations in the site and their Appropriate Safety Measures.

• Structural and equipment erection• Excavation• Concreting• Precast erection• Pile driving• Road works: existing roads/ new roads• Blasting • Use, handling, storage of compressed gas cylinder• Pressure Testing• Tunneling

Management Aspect

Management Aspect

• Checklist and Reports • General Site Safety Inspections • Excavation, demolition, blasting, scaffoldings, ladders, working platforms, PPE, structural fabrication and erection, gas cutting and welding, means of access, electrical work, fire prevention and protection, road safety, first aid box, safety boards, posters, stickers, drinking water, sanitation, emergency vehicles.

Management Aspect

Management Aspect

• Statistics and Reports• Accidents Investigation Report• (a) Action taken report• (b) Weekly analysis of accidents• (c) Monthly safety statistics• (d) Register of first aid• (e) Subcontractors

Management Aspect

• Job Safety Analysis• Identity of tasks• Third Party (Competent person) Inspection, examination and testing• Safety Training • Safety awareness Programme.

Safety Information

• Communication Plays an Important role in Industrial Safety Management. The reports are generated for onward transmission so that managerial action are taken to create safety awareness and liquidation of Unsafe points. • I.O.W Forms • Details of Accidents are sent in this “Injury on Works” format which contains nature of industry, causes, data and time of accident, exact location where the accident took place with other details. This format is submitted by the department after signature of officer concerned.

Safety Information

• Investigation and Personnel Form:• The accident is investigated by the team members of

Section, In charge of safety and the facts are found out of which helps in collection of input information.• First Information Report:• The road accident caused outside the plant are reported

to safety Engineering Dept./ authorized representative of the department within 24 hrs. The information is sent to personal dept. Investigations are carried out by the member of safety Engineering Department and Personnel.

Safety Information

• Injury Extension Certificate• Inspection Reports• This report is submitted by safety personnel after inspection of different shop/ areas and indicates about safety status of different areas.

Approaches To Improve Safety

• Recognizing the Importance of safety performance, a contractor can approach the problem in four different ways:• Organizational Approach, Physical Approach, Behavioral Approach, and economic incentives.


• Organizational Approach • A safety programme cannot be successful without an appropriate organizational setup. A company safety programme should be a part of the contractor’s business, just as scheduling and cost accounting,• Safety Department:• A formal safety department is essential in a company. This department should be incharge of the safety and jobsite representatives, recording and analyzing safety and other accident prevention programmes.


• Committee• A safety committee should be set up to guide the operation of safety programs. The members of the committee should include all levels of workers and management to reflect opinions on safety from all levels. It should review the company’s safety programme periodically.• Field Procedures• A system must be designed to process safety suggestions from workers, the people who carries out the daily construction process, since they are in the best position to detect any possible accidents. They should be reminded and encouraged to bring out any unsafe procedure detected in their daily routine.



• Incentives• Field Management and supervisor should be evaluated for promotions and salary increases in terms of safety record as well as productivity and cost.• Safety Cost• The cost of accounting system should be adjusted to encouraged safety by allocating safety costs to company account and allocating accident costs to project accounts.

Physical Approach

• In Physical aspects, a contractor can improve safety performance using following guidelines:

• New workers should be given a safety orientation. • For every project the contractor must study in advance the possible

accidents that the proposed construction methods, procedure and equipment may create. Then an accident prevention plan should be devised to take care of those accidents.

• The contractor should enforce the use of approved equipment for personal protection such as hard hats, safety belts, glasses, goggles, gloves, etc.

• The contractor should integrate safety programmes with other programmes, such as scheduling and budgeting during preplanning procedure. This will help to identify possible accidents inherent in the work to be done, to suggest remedial training if necessary, to assure the proper tools and equipment will be available for the work, and to verify the method selected are safe according to requirement.

Physical Approach

• Periodic checking of tools and equipment if necessary in order to make sure that they are well maintained. • Conduct periodic safety meetings, such tool box

meetings, to provide safety education on the job.• Seek and obtain full cooperation from all subcontractors on the project.

Behavioral Approach

•Studies conducted disclose that more than 80 % of all accidents result from worker’s unsafe acts, while only 10 % result from failure of equipment's or improper procedure, Apparently, this is the most potential for improving safety performance. Also, the behavior of managers on every level has significantly influence on workers safety performance

Behavioral Approach

Behavioral Approach

• The following guidelines will be found useful:• Top management, while visiting job sites or meeting in the main office should talk about safety in the same manner as they talk about schedules and costs. This will make the subordinates understand that safety is an important as cost and schedules, so that the importance of safety will not be ignored.

Behavioral Approach

• The Project manager and the superintendents should not place unnecessary pressure on foeman such as over emphasis on meeting the estimated budget and schedule. Usually this will make foremen choose unacceptable method that often lead to higher possibility of accidents. • Craft foremen are the key persons in behavioral approach as to better safety, because they q the persons who have daily contact with Workers. They are also the person in the best position to detect the workers abnormal behavior, • The foremen along with project manager and superintendent should try to create and maintain good relationship between members of crew crafts If workers have pleasant relationship with each other, they tend to be more concerned about their co-workers safety.


• Economic Incentives• Owners as well as contractors should always bear in mind and take into consideration the economic benefits due to safety at the worksite. If a complete estimate should be taken into account for the cost of their safety programme as percentage of direct field labour costs, their estimate would result in some positive return for the amount spent on safety programme. The contractors should also reward workers for good safety performance. This creates perseverance on their part to learn more, know, practice and strive towards a high level of safety at the job site.

References• Construction Safety – R.K Mishra , AITBS Publishers • Industrial Safety Management – Raj kishor Oja, Technology Publishers

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Date post:	21-Aug-2015
Category:	Engineering
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