CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT CURRENT SITUATIONS …

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Ministry of Construction ADMINISTRATION OF TECHNICAL

INFRASTRUCTURE

CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT CURRENT SITUATIONS AND SOLUTIONS

HO CHI MINH City– 01/2016

Seminar CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT TOWARD EFECTIVE MANAGEMENT

AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTHo Chi Minh City, date 15/1/2016

Ministry of Construction ADMINISTRATION OF

TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Japan international cooperation Agency

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CONTENTS

I. OVERVIEW OF CURRENT SITUATION ONCONSTRUCTION WASTEII. RELATED REGULATIONS REGARDING TOCONSTRUCTION WASTEIII. EXPERIENCES ON CONSTRUCTION WASTEMANAGEMENT IN SOME COUNTRIESIV. PROPOSE REGULATIONS ON CONSTRUCTIONWASTE MANAGEMENT IN VIETNAM






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I. OVERVIEW OF CURRENT SITUATION ONCONSTRUCTION WASTEConstruction Waste (CW) is waste generated from constructionwork activities.

1. Current situation on waste generation CW generation sources are mainly activities on site clearance,

demolition, renovation, and construction works, etc. Somesources of CW generation:Waste from households (newly constructing and repairinghouse);Waste from public civil works ;Waste from industrial construction works;Waste from technical infrastructure construction works;






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Soil excavation works Demolition works

Technical infrastructure construction works New building construction works






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- CW amount basically depends on economic-social development andurban development.

- Do not have official reports on CW generation amount. However,according to Strategy report for integrated solid waste management(MOC, 2009) and some master plans on Solid waste management, CWgeneration amount account for 10-20% of municipal waste generationamount.

- In some large citties, CW amount generate as below:+ Hanoi City: estimated about 2,000 ton/day (2014);+ Ho Chi Minh City: estimated around 1,500 – 2,200 ton/day;+ Other cities have lower amount such as: Ha Long city(120-130ton/day), Da Nang City (600-700 ton/day), Quy Nhon City (100-120ton/day);etc.






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2. CompositionBasic composition of CW depends on characteristics and types ofconstruction works. Taking a survey as an example of CW componentin Hanoi city:

Composition Rate (%)Wood 4.0Asphalt 2.4Mixed bricks, concrete, stones, etc. 24.0Concrete debris 16.0Soil 28.0Metals, steel scraps 6.5Broken glasses, glass 1.5Pieces of broken bricks 14.8Others (Plastic, organic waste, paint cans, etc.) 2.8

Total 100Source: Vietnam Industrial Zone and Urban environment Institute,

2012






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- CW have not separated at source under right regulations but onlyconduct spontaneously, mainly separate into valuablecomponents that can be sold to collection facilities of recycledproducts: iron, steel; wood, paper; packaging; plastics, hardplastic; bricks, etc.

- Types of CW can be recycled: concrete, broken bricks, etc. havenot yet concerned, separated yet and mixed with others, thenlandfill.

- CW sometimes is mixed with hazardous waste (pieces of glass,broken glass, sharp objects, asbestos, etc.) causing danger tohuman and environmental pollution if they are not treatedproperly.






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Wood, paper Iron, steel

Broken bricks Ceramics






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Concrete blocks Broken glass

Soil






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3. Collection, transport and treatmentMaterial flow of CW in Vietnam mainly as below figure:

Source: Report of Vietnam Waste project (JET, 2015)






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- CW collection, transport in cities by:+ Urban Environmental companies: mainly in big construction work sitesand collect CW at collection points, transfer station;+ Investors, transportation businesses conduct: mainly soil of excavationworks and CW of demolition works;+ Spontaneous private units: small repairing works in households, wastegeneration is not so much in construction sites, etc.- Big cities (Hanoi, HCM city) have arranged CW transfer and collectionstations/points. However, these stations/points are narrowed and eliminatedbecause of urbanization (land source demand, loss of urban aesthetics,change in transpiration capacity, etc.).- Transport vehicles: various, different in different places in Vietnam:handcarts, tricycles, small sized trucks and large sized trucks, etc.






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Tricycle Small sized trucks

Large sized trucks






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Construction waste treatment:- Main treatment is landfill. Still have not had any recycling factoriesconstructed.- Solid waste management master plan in locality contains CWestimation. However, because landfilling is main treatment method,land sources for CONSTRUCTION WASTE landfilling is gettinglarger, leading to land source become limited, difficult to meetlandfill demand.- Some cities (Hanoi, Da Nang, HCM city, etc.) arranged landfillsonly used for CW. In the fact, almost theses landfills started to be inoverload.






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4. Some difficulties- CW recycling is not concerned and invested: recycling facilities,standards and regulation standards related to recycled products from CW,promotion policies, etc.- Dumping CW “illegally” is popular and frequent, causing negativeimpacts on the environment (air, water and scenery pollution), drainageand transportation safety, etc.- CW collection, transportation units are not managed, transportation timeis from 8p.m to 8a.m, so CW is often dumped illegally in night time, it isdifficult to recognize and treat.- Some types of CW are contaminated with hazardous waste because ofimproper landfilling and leveling, leading to impact the environment.






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CW dumped illegally on drainage canal system (Hanoi)

CW dumped on streets causing transportation safety (Hanoi)

Illegal dumping of hazardous waste and non-proper treatment

Is a factor causing air pollution






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II. REGULATIONS REGARDING TO CONSTRUCTION WASTE

1. Regulations on construction activities1. Construction law in 2014Article Clause Title

109 3 Requirements on construction sites

116 1 Environmental protection in construction

118 2, 3 Dismantlement of construction works

2. Decree No. 59/2015/NĐ-CP on construction investment project managementArticle Clause Title

35 1-4 Management on construction environment






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* Law on construction（No. 50/2014/QH13）- Regulating specifically on environmental protection inconstruction works: from planning to designing, conducting forconstruction, using environmentally friendly materials, etc.-Responsibilities of contractors in construction and demolitionworks: “Work out and implement measures to protect the environment inthe course of construction, including air environment and waterenvironment, limits of solid waste, noise and other requirements prescribedby the law on environmental protection.”

“Contractors have to have measures to ensure safety for human andvehicles go in and go out construction sites, collect and treat constructionwaste properly, do not cause negative effects on the environmentsurrounding construction area.”






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• Decree No. 59/2015/NĐ-CP on construction project managementArticle 35. Construction environment management 1. The building contractor must impose measures for environment protection within

and out of the construction site, including anti-dust, noise control, waste treatmentand construction site cleanup. Regarding construction works in urban areas, it isrequired to implement measures for cover and cleanup of waste and deliver themto regulated places.

2. During the transport of building materials or waste, they must be covered toensure safety and environment hygiene.

3. The construction contractor and the investor must supervise the implementationof construction environment protection and subject to supervision of theenvironment authorities. If the construction contractor fails to comply withregulations on environment protection, the investor and the environmentauthorities may suspend the construction execution and request the contractor toimplement proper environment protection measures.






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2. Regulations on solid waste managementLaw on environmental protection in 2014Article Clause Title

73 3 Environmental protection in construction

74 3 Environmental protection in transport

96 1 Ordinary solid waste collection and transportation

Decree No. 38/2015/NĐ-CP on waste and scrap managementArticle Clause Title

50 1-4 Solid waste management in construction works






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* Law on environmental protection in 2014Article 73. Environmental protection in construction3. Construction must satisfy the following environmental protectionrequirements:a) Measures are taken to ensure that the construction sites in residentialareas do not produce dust, heat, noise, vibration, and light beyondenvironmental standards;b) Building materials are transported with suitable vehicles that ensure noleakage or environmental pollution;c) Solid wastes and other wastes are collected and treated in accordancewith environmental standards.

Article 74. Environmental protection in transport3. Vehicles used for transporting raw materials and wastes must be coveredwhile they are using public roads in order to avoid leakage and pollution.






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*Decree No. 38/2015/ND-CP on management of waste anddiscarded materialsArticle 50. Management of solid waste from construction activities1. Solid waste from construction activities (including renovation and demolition of works, called as construction solid waste) must be classified and managed as follows:Soil, sludge from excavation, dredging topsoil, digging the foundation piles shall be used to cultivate the crop land or suitable land areas;b) gravelly soil, solid waste from construction materials (brick, tile, grout, concrete, adhesives materials overdue) shall be recycled as construction materials or reused as backfill materials for the buildings or buried in construction solid waste landfill;c) Recyclable solid waste such as glass, steel, wood, paper, plastics shall be recycled and reused.2. Households in urban areas while carrying out renovation or demolition of buildings must take measures to collect and transport and treat construction solid waste as prescribed.






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*Decree No. 38/2015/ND-CP on management of waste anddiscarded materialsArticle 50. Management of solid waste from construction activities

3. Households in rural and remote areas that have no waste collection systemwhen renovating or demolishing buildings must manage construction wasteunder the guidance of the local authorities, must not pour wastes into roads,rivers, streams, canals and surface water sources.

4. The Minister of Construction shall take charge and cooperate with theMinister of Natural Resources and Environment to specify the classification,collection, reuse and recycling and treatment of construction waste.






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*Targets for CW management: solid waste is separeated at source,collect, reuse, recycle and treat thoroughly by advanced and proper tecnologiesso that minimize amount of lanfilled waste in purpose of saving land sourceand limit cause environemntal pollution.

Decision No. 2149/QĐ-TTg: Approving the national strategy for integrated management of solid waste up to 2025, with a vision to 2050Target for CONSTRUCTION WASTE management

To 2015 To 2020 To 2025

Collection and treatment

50% 80% 90%

Reuse and recycling

30% 50% 60%






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III. EXPERIENCES ON CONSTRUCTION WASTEMANAGEMENT IN SOME COUNTRIES

1. Hong Kong– ChinaStratgey construction waste management in Hong Kong contains 03main duties: reduce, reuse and recycle. In particular:

(1) Reduce CW generation through measures on design, plan before construction works.Related departments, agencies must prepare management plan for construction projects toconsider, select, replace to reduce CW amount in design stage and monitor implementationduring construction works.

(2) Separation: Separate wood, paper, plastic from mixed CW, etc. to enable to reuse orrecycle. Contractors are required to prepare and conduct CW management plan inconstruction sites to ensure that construction waste is transported to proper receiving places.

(3) Reuse: Re-use CW materials generated at construction sites to limit CW generationamount.

(4) Recycling: Recycling construction materials properly with different purposes.






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In order to conduct targets of this strategy, Hong Kong government hasissued specific policies, promote owners, from production units (promotereduce, recycling, etc.), construction companies (design, use advancedmaterials and technologies, educate workers on CW management) tohouseholds (collaborate with contractors in separation, registration of CWamount, etc.Generators might not pay fee if they recycle CW themselves.






2. United StateA construction development management mechanism (2007) in United State has 02 main parts:

Part 1: consist of general regulations, definitions, related official documents, compliance,quality assurance and requirements to a CW management project;

Part 2: Regulations on CW management implementation, requirements of CW recovery,regulations on CW recycling activities and regulations on CW landfilling, discharging.In which, some particular regulations as below:- Requirements for project formulation, sustainable design, environmental protection during

construction works, etc.

- Requirements for CW recovery, recycling: reuse and recycle as much as possible;- Requirements to recycling and treatment facilities: have receipts identifying waste amount

received to treat, report and presented upon when it is necessary;- Requirements to landfilling and discharging facilities: save profiles related to receiving types

of CW, receipts, etc.






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3. Spain- Before 2008, Spain had not specific regulations on CW management, therefore

over 60% of CONSTRUCTION WASTE was treated by landfilling, leading tocontaminate under-groundwater, disfigure scenery, waste land source.

- In 2008, the government issued Decree No.105 on construction wastemanagement, regulate as below:

+ Estimate CW amount will be generated;+ Action plan to prevent CW generation amount;+ Describe activities on reuse, recovery and/or disposal;+ Activities on waste separation at construction sites;+ Plan on CW storage at sites, management activities on CW separation at sites;+ Specific technical requirements related to CW storage, management and separationand related other activities.+ Estimate management cost is a part of project budget regulated in separated chapter.






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* Some references could be applied in Vietnam:- Monitor tightly generation sources: Generators must have plan and management methods on CW when starting construction works. - Requirements on separation, recycling, reuse: implement strictly separation procedure of CW at construction sites. - Promote generators, contractors to reduce CW generation, increase CW recycling and reuse that they generate: do not pay fee when recycling, treating CW themselves; counting into bonus marks to encourage bidding for contractors who conducted effectively CW monitoring,…- Develop programs, strategies to promote proper activities on CW recycling and treatment in facilities: that CW recycling facility development is necessary to ensure effectiveness in CW source separation. - Standards and technical standards related to products recycled for using recycled materials.






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1. Some proposals on management- Objects:

+ Construction works require construction licensing and/or construction workrequire to develop Environmental Impact Assessment.

+ New/repaired, renovated construction works which have a scope ofgeneration more than…kg.- Requirements on separation, recycle, reuse:

+ Technical requirements on CW separation.+ Regulations on CW recycling, reuse.

-Requirements on generators:+ Make CW management plan.+ Conduct CW separation, collection at construction sites.+ Monitoring and implementation units.

-Requirements on collection, transport and treatment:+Require the management to owners of CW collection, transport (capacity,

mechanism of report, controlling properly, etc.)

IV. PROPOSE REGULATIONS ON CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT INVIETNAM






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+Requirements on management to owners of CW recycling, treatment:- Development policies on CW recycling, reuse:

+ Incentives, supports for investment.+ Support mechanisms for products recycled from CW.

- Awarding, treating violations in CW management:+ Programs, prizes and incentive policies for contractors who

performed well tasks of CW recycling, treatment.+ Treating violations in CW management

- Responsibilities of governmental management agencies:+ People Committee at all levels:+ Authorities: Department of Construction, Department of transport,

Department of Natural Resources and Environment, etc.






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2. Some issues need to be discuss:-1st: Scope of management .

+ Licensed constructions (new construction, repairing, renovation,etc.)?

+ Discharging level (scale of construction, area of construction, etc.)?-2nd : Generators

+ Need to register to manage?+ Manage following to area?

-3rd : Monitoring CW collection, transport process+ Manage CW collection, transport units (capacity, business

registration, report mechanism, etc.)?+ Agencies for implementation, checking, monitoring?






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-4th : CW treatment, recycling, reuse.+Development policy (technology, support mechanism, standards and

technical standards related to products recycled from CW, etc.)5th:

+ Duty of management agencies?+ Mechanism for cooperation?+ Popularization, education for related units, objects?






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Thank you for your attention!






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