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November 24, 2014
November 24, 2014
Consulting to government/industry
Cost and performance of clean air and clean energy technologies
Capital Cost◦One-time cost
Fixed Operating Cost◦ Annual costs incurred regardless of how much you run it
Variable Operating Cost◦ Costs directly related to operation
Initial Catalyst Charge
Ductwork and devices to enclose catalyst and control gas flow
Ammonia injection grid and Ammonia storage system
Associated installation/construction activities
Associated startup activities and material/reagent
Initial spare parts
Cichanowicz, 2010
Need to slow down gas to pass it through catalyst at the right speed
Need space to allow ammonia to mix
Need space for catalyst
For simple cycle turbines may need attemperation air and mixing devices
Attemperationair
Ammonia injection
NOx catalyst
CO catalyst
mixing
Perf. plate
Mixing zone
stack
turbine
NOx and CO control
200 MW Siemens SGT -6-5000 F single unit.
With SCR $162,000,000
W/O SCR $146,000,000
SCR = $16,000,000, or ~$80/kW
Proposed NYISO Installed Capacity Demand Curves For Capability Years 2014/2015, 2015/2016 and 2016/2017
Johnson-Matthey
Johnson-Matthey
Ammonia storage
Installation/Construction labor and materials
Commissioning
Retrofit or New makes a big difference
First year parts
Engineering and project management associated with integrating APC equipment
Capital cost may be two or more times the cost of SCR system - higher for retrofit
Annual maintenance◦ Inspect catalyst and ammonia injection
Personnel training◦ Ammonia safety
Generally, it is pretty minimal for SCRs
Ammonia◦ A little over 0.37 lb of ammonia (or 2.06 lb of
aqueous at 18%) for every lb of NOx reduced
◦ Typically the largest part of VOC
Energy to run attemperation fans and ammonia injection
Catalyst◦ Life of catalyst will typically be at least 3 years, and
is often much longer
Short project lifetimes
Improper use of contingencies
Double counting of costs◦ Productivity factors
AFUDC versus “overnight costs”
EPA Cost Manual, 2000
