“Consumer Satisfaction towards Nuziveedu’s Bt cotton in Rajsamand district of Rajasthan”

 रा�जस्था�न के�  रा�जसमंद जिजले� मं� बी�टी� केपा�स पारा उपाभो�क्ता� के� सतु�ष्टि�RAVI KUMAR PATALIYA

SUMMER TRAINING REPORT

Master of Business Administration

(Agribusiness)

2012

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT RAJASTHAN COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE

MAHARANA PRATAP UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY UDAIPUR

1

Consumer Satisfaction towards Nuziveedu’s Bt cotton in Rajsamand District of Rajasthan

 रा�जस्था�न के�  रा�जसमंद जिजले� मं� बी�टी� केपा�स पारा उपाभो�क्ता� के� सतु�ष्टि�

SUMMER TRAINING REPORT

Submitted to the

Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture & Technology, Udaipur

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of

Master of Business Administration

(Agri Business)

By

RAVI KUMAR PATALIYA2012

2

Department of Agricultural Economics & Management

Rajasthan College of Agriculture

Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture & Technology, Udaipur

Certificate

Date………...

This is to certify that the summer training report entitled “Consumer Satisfaction towards

Nuziveedu’s Bt cotton in Rajsamand district of Rajasthan” submitted for the degree of

Master of Business Administration (Agribusiness) embodies bonafide work carried out by Ravi

Kumar Pataliya under my guidance and supervision. The assistance and help received during

the summer training have been fully acknowledged.

(Dr. G. L. Meena) (Dr. D. C. Pant)

Major Advisor Nodal officer

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Declaration

This is to declare that, I Ravi Kumar Pataliya, student of Master of Business Administration

(Agribusiness) 2011-12, CABM, RCA, MPUAT, Udaipur, has given original data and information

to the best of our knoledge in the project report titled “Consumer Satisfaction towards

Nuziveedu’s Bt cotton in Rajsamand district of Rajasthan” and that no part of this

information has been used for any other assignment but for the partical fulfillment of the

requirment towards the completion of the said course.

(Ravi Kumar Pataliya)

MBA-Agribusiness

CABM,RCA,MPUAT

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, I wish to remember Shree “Madhav das Ji Maharaj” who

gave me wisdom and courage to be able to acquire education and who alone

strengthened me throughout to finish such a tedious task at hand.

Words failed to express all my praise, humble gratitude, appreciation

reverence and a sense of indebtedness to esteemed major advisor Dr. G.L.

Meena, Assistant professor, Department of Agricultural Economics &

Management, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur whose

unimpeachable, incessant guidance, creative thoughts, plentiful

encouragement inspire of all his multifarious responsibilities and helped me

to accomplish this research work successfully. I heartily acknowledge his

kind service.

I cannot refrain to accord my humble thanks to members of my

advisory committee

Dr. D.K. Sarolia, Mrs. Arti Arha, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur

for their untiring and genuine help, useful suggestions for the present

investigation and kind encouragement during this study.

I express my sincere thanks to Dr. S.R. Maloo, Dean, R CA, Udaipur

and Prof. D.C. Pant, Head of Department of Agricultural Economics &

Management & Nodal Officer CABM and Dr. P.P. Jani, Joint Coordinator,

CABM and Ranjana Audichya faculty members of CABM for providing

necessary facilities for conducting the present investigation.

I sincerely acknowledge the kind cooperation of my senior Mr.

Deepak Sharma, classmates Deepak, Gopal, Kailash, Krishan Charan,

Lalit, my friends, juniors and many others who are in my heart for their

excellent company, warmer affections and co-operation during my stay at

ever green Lake City.

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With my head stooped, I feel paucity of words to express my

humble sense of regards to my parent’s mummy Smt. Santosh Devi and

papa Sh. Ramnarayan Pataliya who underwent all sorts of hardships and

sufferings to support my spirit and Endeavour at every critical junctures of

my educational pilgrimage. I most appreciate my sisters Meenakshi,

Manisha and Renu and my all family for willing co-operation, Patience,

incessant love, cheering inspiration and moral appreciation during the

research work. Of course, the ever smiling face of my loving niece Krishna

and Sidhi remained in my eyes and in my heart throughout the research

study, how I can forget to acknowledge him.

I also express my deep and earnest regards to Mr. Sajjan Singh

Khangarot Sr. RM NSL Rajasthan for his encouragement and guidance

throughout the project.

Date: -

Place: Udaipur (Ravi Kumar Pataliya)

CONTENT

Executive Summary Acknowledgement

Chapter No. Particulars Page No.

1. Introduction 1-9

2. Research Methodology 10-11

3. Findings and Analysis 12-19

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4.Conclusion And

Recommendations20

5. References 21-22

Appendices 23-25

LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page No.

3.1.1 Age group of farmers 12

3.1.2 Education level of farmers 12

3.1.3 Source of income 13

3.1.4 Source of irrigation 13

3.2.1 Source of information to the farmers 14

3.2.2 Farmer satisfaction with the Bt cotton 15

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3.3.1 Bt cotton grower in project area 16

3.3.2 Dominant the Bt cotton varieties in area 17

3.3.3 Annual production of Bt cotton 18

3.4.1 Farmer perception towards Nuziveed’s seeds 19

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figures No. Title Page No.

1.1.1 India’s cotton acreage 2

1.1.1 India’s cotton production and yield 2

3.2.1 Source of information to the farmers 14

3.2.2 Farmer satisfaction with the Bt cotton 15

3.3.1 Bt cotton grower in project area 16

3.3.2 Dominant the Bt cotton varieties in area 17

3.3.3 Annual production of Bt cotton 18

3.4.1 Farmer perception towards Nuziveed’s seeds 19

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Project Title: - Consumer Satisfaction towards Nuziveedu’s Bt-Cotton in Rajsamand

District of Rajasthan

Project Undertaken: - Mr. Sajjan Singh Khangarot, Mr. Suresh Kumawat, Mr Ashok krumar Vyas and Mr. Ganpat lal jat.

Objectives

To know consumer satisfaction towards Bt cotton seeds in Rajsamand district.

To identify the Bt cotton grower in Rajsamand.

To know farmer perception towards NSL.

Research Methodology

Research Design

Exploratory research was adopted during the study to explore the factors responsible to

influence farmer’s opinion and current image of Bt cotton in farmer’s mind through

promotional techniques adopted by companies. It also described the awareness level of the

Bt cotton seed and reason for which the farmers were adopting Bt cotton rather than

conventional desi cotton.

Area of Study

The study was undertaken in two tehsils of Rajsamand District of Rajasthan for Nuziveedu’s

Seeds Pvt. Ltd.

Sample Design

Sample Size: - 105 Farmers had taken for survey.

Sampling Technique: - Random sampling

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Conclusion and Recommendation:-

Conclusions:-

Most of the farmers were growing Nuziveed’s cotton seeds in Rajsanand area. The Nuziveedu’s seeds give the best quality of the cotton seeds to the farmers.

The Study indicates that about the major source of information to the farmers was village

level workers/ Gramsevak (43%)

All the farmers were growing Bt cotton seed in project area.

(35%) farmers were preferred to Ragav Bt-2.

(48%) Farmers were observed 16-18 qt. production of Bt cotton.

100 percent farmers are growing Nuziveedu’s seed in project area.

(81%) farmers were like production.

Recommendations:-

The study indicated that the high cost of Bt cotton seed is one of the most important

constraints being faced by the cotton growers in the study area. It is therefore

suggested that all the inputs required for Bt cotton cultivation should be provide on

nominal price so that farmers can easily purchase them for cultivation of the crop.

The company should increase its product availability so it can be available easily in

market at a uniform price.

The company should promote Ragav Bt-2.

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Study:-

Cotton is cultivated on 33.6 million hectares in countries like India, U.S.A, Russia, China,

Brazil, Egypt, Pakistan, Turkey, Mexico, and Sudan with annual production of around 5.2

million tones in 2010-2011(International cotton advisory committee, Washington). Cotton

(Gossypium Spp.), is a very important commercial crop of India. It sustains the country’s cotton

textile industry which is perhaps the largest organized industry in the country.). Cotton provide

gainful employment to million of people in the country who are engaged in its cultivation,

trading, processing, manufacturing, fabricating and marketing.

In India, the annual area under this crop is 76.6 lakh hectares with annual production of 136.0

lakh bales and average productivity of 301.5 kg per hectare in 2010-2011(Central institute for

cotton research, Nagpur). Maharashtra is the largest producer of cotton followed by Gujarat and

Andhra Pradesh. It is also cultivated on large scale in Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab,

Rajasthan, Haryana and Tamilnadu.

Cotton is grown chiefly for its fiber use in the manufacturing of clothes and for the purpose like

threads for mixing in other fiber and extraction of oils from the cotton seeds. The oil content in

the cotton ranges from 15-25 percent depending on the variety. American cotton contains more

percent of oil. Cotton seed cake after extraction of oil is s good organic manure and contains

about 6 percent nitrogen, 3 percent phosphorous and 2 percent potash. Cotton linters, seed, pulp

obtained during oil extraction and cotton meal are good concentrate feed for cattle.

Cotton is cultivated on a wide variety of soils. The predominant soils on which the cotton is

grown are sandy to sandy loam, black soils and alluvial soils, Cotton is a deep rooted crop and

soil depth of not less then 60 cm is considered favorable, however cotton is also planted in the

shallow marginal soils of rain fed tracts in central India.

Cotton species show wide adaptability to soil type where annual rainfall is less than 50 cm/year,

fine textured soil are more productive because if their ability to store water in their profile.

Where rainfall exceeds 76 cm/ year, however, a coarse textured soil will provide better internal

drainage and greater productivity. The cotton acreage in India has been shown in fig 1.1.

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Fig 1.1.1 India’s cotton acreage:-

Fig. 1.1.2 India’s cotton production and yield:-

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INDIA’S COTTON ACREAGE 2010-11

The yield and production has been shown in Fig 1.2.The major reason for low productivity is

damage caused by insect pests—notably Helicoverpa armigera, commonly referred to as

American Bollworm. Nearly Rs.12 billion worth of pesticides are used in India to control just the

bollworm complex of cotton. Mahyco (Maharashtra Hybrid Seed Company), in collaboration

with Monsanto, has introduced Bt cotton technology into India. Bt cotton carries the Cry1Ac

gene derived from the common soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, which results

in the expression of the Cry1Ac protein that confers resistance to the bollworm complex.

India has the largest area under cotton cultivation with relatively low productivity primarily due

to the large area under rainfed cultivation with inadequate supply of inputs. India ranks first in

terms of area in world, whereas it ranks second in production next to China.  Only in India, all

the four spinnable fiber yielding species of Gossypium viz., Gossypium hirsutum, G.

barbadense, G. arboreum and G. herbaceum are cultivated commercially.  Hybrid cotton

cultivation about 45% of total cotton area contributing 55% of production is a significant

milestone achievement in Indian Cotton scenario. 

Cotton is attacked by several insect pests reducing the crop yield to a greater extent.   The insect

pests that attack cotton crop may be classified into sap sucking insects (Aphids, Jassids and

White fly) or chewing insects (Bollworms, leaf eating caterpillars etc.). The total pesticide used

in Indian Agriculture, about 45 per cent is sprayed on cotton crop alone.  To reduce pesticide

usage in cotton, several strategies like use of Genetic Resistance to insect pests, Integrated Pest

Management (IPM), Insecticide Resistance Management (IRM) etc. are advocated.  In recent

times, Bt cotton technology is found to be one of the best strategies to manage bollworms, the

most important pest of cotton.

1.2 The Need for Bt cotton:-

The genetic resistance, one of the important pest management strategies, is available in cotton

gene pool against the sap sucking pests such as jassids, whitefly etc and using this several

resistant / tolerant varieties and hybrids have been developed and released in India. 

However, such kind of known resistance is not available against the bollworms.  Hence, an

alternate strategy is explored to circumvent this problem by cloning and transferring the genes

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from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis.  The Bt transgenic cotton (Bollgard of Monsanto)

has thus been developed successfully in USA, which has the ability to control the bollworms at

the early stages of crop growth (up to 90 days) effectively.

The first commercial Bt cotton variety was released in USA by M/S. Monsanto (Bollgard),

which contains Cry1Ac gene of Bacillus thuringiensis.  Bt cotton is commercially grown in

several countries like China, Australia, Mexico, South Africa, Argentina, India, Indonesia etc. 

Worldwide the area under Bt cotton keep increasing year by year.  Overall, about 12% of the

world cotton is now planted with Genetically Modified varieties / hybrids (GMO) and ICAC has

estimated that his may rise to 50 % in 5-7 years.

During the past three years, Indian cotton scenario has changed dramatically, largely due to the

adoption of Bt cotton. The number of Bt hybrids released for commercial cultivation till date has

crossed 600 with more than 35 seed companies and public sector institutions currently engaged

in their development. In addition, the first true breeding variety has also been released by the

Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), a public sector institution. This provides an

opportunity to the farmers to save their own seed without losing the efficacy of Bt gene. The area

under Bt cotton reached 7.6 million hectares in 2008-09 constituting nearly 81% of the total

cotton area in India. As a result, the production also reached 4.9 million tones. All these are

indicators of the extraordinary impact and acceptance of Bt technology in cotton by the Indian

farmers.

Benefits of Bt Cotton:-

1. Good control of bollworm species.

2. Significantly higher boll retention and more yields.

3. Reduction in chemical sprays for bollworm control (50% less than that required for

conventional commercial hybrids).

4. Induces earliness about 20 – 30 days than the non Bt.

5. Substantial increase in net income to farmers.

6. No adverse impact on non-target organisms

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1.3 An Overview of Nuziveedu Seeds Pvt. Ltd.

Nuziveedu Seeds Pvt. Ltd. was established in year 1973 by Sri M Venkatramaiah, present

chairman of the company, with a progressive vision and solemn objective of developing and

providing quality cotton seeds to the farmers at reasonable price. His son and the present

Managing director of the company, Sri M. Prabhakar Rao took over the reins of NSL in year

1982, after the completion of his master’s degree in Plant breeding. The profound endeavors of

Sri M Venkatramaiah backed by the excellent academic record, right instinct and flawless

management skills of Sri M Prabhakar Rao has brought the company to a top rank position in

Indian seed industry. At present, NSL is the first Indian seed company with a turnover of about

Rs. 500 Crores. Nuziveedu Seeds Pvt. Ltd. is transferred into independent subsidiary companies

as below.

NSL Cotton Corporation Ltd. - It is incorporated to carry on the business of managing of Cotton

cultivation, procurement, processing and marketing of Cotton with branding.

NSL Infrastructure Ltd. - NSL has acquired lands for these projects over the past 5-6 years. All

the locations are excellent for the proposed projects. Considering the excellent suitability of the

land for the project, raising debt and subsequently developing and leasing them would be highly

viable proposition and the projects will be financially feasible.

NSL Sugars Ltd. - Established in the year 2003. Sugars Ltd. had set up at Koppa in Karnataka

State with a view to provide value addition to co-production such as Bagane, Molasses and Press

mud (Filter Cake) etc.

NSL Textile Ltd. - NSL group has diversified into the textile sector over the past 6-7 years.

There are two textile companies in the group by name Jayavenkatrama Industries Limited and

DPM Textiles Ltd.

NSL Power Pvt. Ltd. - NSL has incorporated a separate company called NSL Power Limited for

faster development of Power Plants based on Wind, Hydel, Biomass and Thermal Energies.

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1.3.1 Achievements:-

DSIR Award: - DSIR Award -2002 and 2010, presented by Ministry of Science &

Technology, Govt. of India.

Bio-agri Company Award: -Bio-agri Company of the Year Award-2008 presented by

Bio-Spectrum.

Agriculture Leadership Award: - Agriculture Leadership Award-2009, presented by

Agriculture Today.

1.3.2 Financial Highlights: - The Company’s annual sales are about Rs. 500 crores with a net

worth exceeding Rs. 350 Crores as of 2006-2007. The company is planning to expand its

activities further and margin towards achieving Rs.1000 crores turnover with a strong presence

in all the major crops besides cotton by 2012.

1.3.3 Competitors: - Nuziveedu’s Seeds Ltd is a leading hybrid seed company in India. The

company was established over 30 years ago and based on the strengths in research, production

and distribution is able to become the largest seed company in India, in the process surpassing

multinational giants like Monsanto, Dupont, Syngenta, Pioneer, DSCL, Bayer etc.

1.3.4 Products: - Maize, Cotton, Sunflower, Pearl millet, Rice, Wheat and Vegetables.

NSL has achieved a pioneer status in seed industry because of its unique and strong efforts in

Research and development. With the objective to develop high quality hybrids, NSL has

achieved higher level of excellence in its breeding program. The various cotton products were

extensively tested in NSL lab. The crop wise specific germplasms are being recombined to

develop hybrids which have unique features and important new traits like:

Desirable plant type for high productivity

Higher yields and superior quality or harvest.

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Wider adaptability.

High level of pest resistance, multiple disease resistance.

The NSL main centre is located near Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh in a total area of about 125

acres with seven satellite center and sub centre’s located in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat,

Haryana, Orissa, Karnataka, and Maharashtra etc. with an area of about 400 acres. In addition to

this, multilocation trial centers are set up in different agro climatic zones to evaluate the

adaptability of the products and also to screen them against biotic and abiotic stresses.

1.3.5 Cotton Products: - The major cotton products of NSL are Bunny Bt and Bt2 (NCS 145),

Manjeet - NCS 858 Bt2 and Raghav - NCS 855 Bt2.

The NSL’s cotton hybrid seeds occupy nearly 40 per cent of the private hybrid cotton seed

market in the country. Nuziveedu Seeds has an annual turnover of Rs 250 crore. It also produces

other crop seed such as maize, jowar, sunflower, rice and vegetables.   

1.4 Need of the study:-

India made its long-awaited entry into commercial agricultural biotechnology in March 2002

with the approval of three Bt-cotton hybrids for commercial cultivation. The Genetic

Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC), Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government

of India granted the approval, at its 32nd meeting held in New Delhi. The transgenic hybrids were

developed by MAHYCO (Maharashtra Hybrid Seed Company Limited) in collaboration with

Monsanto. These contained Monsanto’s lepidopteron specific Bt gene, cry1Ac with Event MON

531 (Bollgard) which offers protection against all the major species of Indian bollworms -

Helicoverpa armigera (Old world bollworm), Pectinophora gossypiella (Pink bollworm), Earias

vittella (Spottedbollworm) and E. insulana (Spiny bollworm). These bollworms, especially H.

armigera, have been responsible for heavy yield losses and frustrating the cotton growers for

more than three decades. Annual losses caused by bollworms alone are estimated at about US$

300 million despite repeated spraying of insecticides (6 to 20 times for each crop). It is estimated

that insecticides valued at $700 million are used on all crops annually in India of which about

50% is sprayed on cotton crop alone, especially to control bollworms. This reflects the economic

18

importance of bollworms. Therefore, the introduction of Bt-cotton, designed to control

bollworms, has brought a great deal of hope, curiosity and expectations.

The approval of Bt-cotton or “Bollgard” (the registered brand name for Monsanto’s Bt-

cotton) in India was preceded by about 500 field trials carried out in different agro-climatic

regions between 1998 and 2001 to assess its efficacy against bollworms and the concomitant

agronomic benefits. Experimental data on the bio-safety (such as toxicity, allergen city, effect on

non-target beneficial organisms, pollen flow etc.) of Bt-cotton were generated by several public

funded research institutions as per the direction of the Department of Biotechnology (DBT),

Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India. The approval by GEAC was based on

the reports of such scientific studies, which indicated Bt-cotton to be safe and beneficial

Only three Bt-cotton hybrids were approved in the first year (i.e., 2002) and these were marketed

by Mahyco-Monsanto Biotech Limited (MMB), a joint venture of Mahyco and Monsanto.

Realizing the potential of Bt-cotton, more Indian seed companies have shown interest in this

technology and by end of 2007 about 22 companies have become sub-licensees of MMB.

Besides, an improved version of Bt-cotton (Bollgard II), stacked with two Bt genes, namely

cry1Ac and cry2Ab2 with Event 15985, also developed by MMB, was approved by GEAC in

2006. Two more versions of Bt-cotton, one developed by J. K. Agri Genetics Ltd., incorporated

with cry1Ac with Event I (different from MMB’s), and another version developed by Nath Seeds

stacked with two genes, cry1Ab and cry1Ac with Event GFM, were also approved in 2006.

Thus, as of now, three genes (cry1Ac, cry2Ab2 and cry1Ab) and four events have been approved

for Bt-cotton in India. These have been incorporated into various hybrids developed for different

agro-climatic regions by various seed companies. By December 2007, GEAC has approved

altogether 131 Bt-cotton hybrids (with different genetic background) developed by 24

companies.

The present study was aimed to find out the level of knowledge possessed by the farmers which

bring a picture of knowledge about the Bt cotton cultivation technology. The opinion of farmers

towards cultivation of Bt cotton visualize the views of farmers about importance of Bt cotton

then other crops in the study area. Finally the constraints as perceived by the respondents in the

19

adoption of Bt cotton technology be of immense value of the agencies involved in popularizing

the Bt cotton fiber crop in the country.

It is believed that findings of this investigation would be helpful to formulate more precise,

consistent and appropriate policies and strategies for popularizing Bt cotton in Rajasthan, and

would be helpful to develop future programme for enhancement of usage Bt cotton. Keeping this

background in mind, a study was undertaken on consumer satisfaction towards Bt cotton seeds in

Rajsamand district of Rajasthan with the following objectives.

To know consumer satisfaction towards Bt cotton seeds in Rajsamand district.

To identify the Bt cotton grower in Rajsamand.

To know Farmers perception towards NSL.

1.5 Limitations of the study:

All the efforts have been made to make the study more meaning full and precise, but due to the

paucity of time at the disposal of investigator, certain limitations to remains in the study which

are as follows:

The present study is confined only in two tehsils namely, railmagra and Rajsamand.

The findings are based on verbal expressions and the responses of respondents.

As usual, the results of the study are based on small farmer’s size.

20

2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter deals with the research methodology adopted to fulfill the following objectives of the study.

2.1 Research design:

Exploratory research was adopted during the study to explore the factors responsible to influence

farmer’s opinion and current image of Bt cotton in farmer’s mind through promotional

techniques adopted by companies. It also described the awareness level of the Bt cotton seed and

reason for which the farmers were adopting Bt cotton rather than conventional desi cotton.

2.2 Area of study: The study was undertaken in Rajsamand district of Rajasthan for Nuziveedu Seeds Pvt. Ltd.

2.3 Collection of data:

2.3.1 Sources for data collection:

Both primary and secondary data were collected for the accomplishment of the study.

Primary Data - The primary data sources were the farmers in the selected tehsils in

Rajsamand district of Rajasthan. The methodology for the collection of primary data

involved interview schedules and open ended discussions.

Secondary Data - The secondary data sources included the web portals, different

magazines and journals related with Bt cotton.

2.3.2 Tools for Data Collection:

Interview containing both open ended and closed ended questions were used as main

tools for data collection from the farmers. Discussion with the dealers/distributors was

also an important tool. Interview of the company personals also served the role of another

research instrument. There are two types of questions in the instrument used for

collecting Primary data.

1. Closed-end questions:

A. Dichotomous -Question with two possible answers- YES or NO.

B. Multiple choice - Questions with three or more answers.

2. Open-end questions: Completely unstructured questions that respondents can answer in an

almost unlimited number of ways.

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2.4 Sampling: For the present study, Rajsamand district was purposively selected to fulfill the

objectives of study from this district two tehsils i.e. Railmagra and Rajsamand were randomly

selected. From two tehsils, eighteen villages were randomly selected. Thereafter, 105 farmers

were selected randomly from selected villages.

2.5 Project Period: - The research work was carried for 45 days from 15th May, 2012 to 30th

June, 2012.

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3. FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS

These section consists of perception knowing consumer stisfation and perception towards NSL

Bt cotton, Bt cotton grower, comparison of NSL Bt cotton with other brands

3.1 Socio-Economic profile of farmers:

3.1.1 Age Group of farmers

Table 3.1.1: Age group of farmers

S. No. Age Group No. of Farmers Percent of Farmers

1 <33 34 32

2 34-42 42 40

3 > 42 29 28

4 Total 105 100

Table 3.1.1 the study revealed that (40%) of the farmers were in the middle age group (34 to 42

years) whereas,(28%) farmers belonged to old (>42 years)age group and remaining (32%) Bt

cotton growers belonged to young (<33years) age group.

3.1.2 Education level of farmers

Table 3.1.2: Education level of farmers

S. No. Education Level No. of Farmers Percent of Farmers

1 Up to Primary 22 21

2 Above Primary 29 28

3 Illiterate 54 51

4 105 100

Table 3.1.2 the study clearly showed that (21%) farmers were educated upto primary class.

While (28%) were educated above primary level and (51%) were illiterate.

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3.1.3 Source of Income

Table 3.1.3: Source of income

S.No. Source of income No. of Farmers Percent of Farmers

1 Agriculture 95 90

2 Other* 10 10

3 Total 105 100

* Service and Shop etc.

Table 3.1.3 the study revealed that the source of income of more then (90%) of farmers was from

agriculture only whereas as rest were engaged in some other occupation such as service and shop

as well along with education.

3.1.4 Source of Irrigation

Table 3.1.4: Source of irrigation

S.No. Source of Irrigation No. of Farmers Percent of Farmers

1 Openwell 105 100

2 Other* - -

3 Total 105 100

* Tube well, Farm pond etc.

Table 3.1.4 the study revealed that (100%) farmers were use irrigation source of open well.

3.2 To know consumer satisfaction towards Bt cotton seeds in Rajsamand district.

3.2.1 Source of information to the farmers

There are many sources of information like AAO, AO, NGO, Private organization, Gramsevak

etc from where farmers are receiving reliable agriculture information and can use it for their

agriculture purposes to get good yield. The Table 3.2.1 shows the various source of information.

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Table 3.2.1: Source of information to the farmers

Sno. Source of information No.of farmers % of farmers

1. Village level worker/ Gramsevak 45 43

2. AAO and AO 15 14

3. Private agency 30 29

4. NGO 5 5

5. Others* 10 9

6. Total 105 100

* Newspaper, T.V, Radio, kisan call center etc.

Fig 3.2.1 Source of information to the farmers

Village level worker/ Gramsevak

43%

AAO and AO14%

Prvate agency29%

NGO5%

Other10%

3.2.1 Source of Information

It is clear from the Fig. 3.2.1 and Table 3.2.1. that about the major source of information to the

farmers was village level workers/ Gramsevak (43%) followed by private agency (29%), AO and

AAO (14%), Other (9%) and NGO (5%).

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3.2.2 Farmers Satisfaction with the Bt Cotton.

Table 3.2.2: Farmers Satisfaction with the Bt Cotton

S.No. Farmers satisfaction No.of farmers Percent of farmers

1. Yes 100 95

2. No 5 5

3. Total 105 100

Fig 3.2.2 Farmers Satisfaction with the Bt Cotton.

Yes95%

No5%

3.2.2 Farmers Satisfaction with the Bt Cotton

From the above Fig. 3.2.2 and Table 3.2.2 it can be interpreted that (95%) of the total farmers

were fully satisfied with Bt cotton,and were looking forward to use it in future as well.

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3.3 To identify the Bt cotton grower in Rajsamand.

3.3.1 Bt Cotton Grower in Project Area.

Table 3.3.1: Bt Cotton Grower in Project Area

Sno. Farmer response No. of farmers

1. Bt Cotton Grower 105

2. Non- Grower -

3. Total 105

Fig 3.3.1 Bt Cotton Grower in Project Area.

100%

3.3.1 Bt Cotton Grower in Project Area

Bt Cotton Grower Non- Grower

It is clear from the Fig.3.3.1 and Table 3.3.1. that all the farmers were growing Bt cotton seed in

project area.

3.3.2 Dominant the Bt cotton varieties in area.

27

Table 3.3.2: Dominant the Bt Cotton varieties in area

S.no. Bt. Cotton variety used No.of farmers Percent of farmers

1. Raghav Bt -2 37 35

2. Ranjeet Bt -1 21 20

3. Bunny Bt -2 16 15

4. Manjeet Bt -2 9 9

5. Kissan EarlyBt -1 5 5

6. Others 17 16

7. Total* 105 100

*Mahamalika, Suraksha, Super Jyoti.

Fig. 3.3.2 Dominant the Bt Cotton varieties in area

Ragav Bt-2 Ranjeet Bt-1 Bunny Bt-2 Manjeet Bt-2 Kisan Early Bt-1

Other

35

2015

95

16

3.3.2 Dominant the Bt Cotton varieties in area

From above Fig. 3.3.2 and Table 3.3.2, it can be stated that most of the farmers were preferred to

Ragav Bt-2 (35%) followed by Ranjeet Bt-1 (20%), Bunny Bt-2. (15%), Manjeet Bt-2 (9%),

Kisan Early Bt-1 (5%) and other (16%). The reason which they quoted for using Ragav Bt-2 was

its large ball size and more number of balls and more resistance to sucking insect pest and

prevent from leaf curl.

3.3.3 Annual Production of Bt Cotton.

28

Table 3.3.3: Annual Production of Bt Cotton

Sno. Quality in (qt). No. of Farmers Percent of Farmers

1. 12-14 10 9

2. 14-16 40 38

3. 16-18 50 48

4. 18-20 5 5

5. More than 20 0 0

6. Total 105 100

Fig 3.3.3 Annual Production of Bt Cotton.

12-149%

14-1638%

16-1848%

18-205%

3.3.3 Annual Production of Bt Cotton

It is clear from the Fig. 3.3.3 and Table 3.3.3. that about farmers were observed 16-18 qt.

production of Bt cotton (48%) followed by 14-16 qt. (38%), 12-14 qt. (9%), 18-20 qt. (5%).

3.4 To know farmers perception towards NSL.

29

3.4.1 Farmers Perception towards Nuziveedu’s Seeds.

Table 3.4.1: Farmers Perception towards Nuziveedu’s Seeds

Sno. Perception Criteria No. of farmers Percent of Farmer

1. Production 85 81

2. Sucking Pest 10 9

3. Hight 5 5

4. Look - -

5. Other 5 5

6. Total 105 100

Fig 3.4.1 Farmers Perception towards Nuziveedu’s Seeds.

81%

10%

5%5%

3.4.1 Farmers Perception towards Nuziveed's Seeds

Production Sucking Pest Hieght Look Other

From the Fig 3.4.1 and Table 3.4.1 it can be said that farmers were like production (81%)

followed by Sucking pest (9%), Hieght (5%), look (5%).

4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

4.1 Conclusions:-

30

Most of the farmers were growing Nuziveed’s cotton seeds in Rajsanand area. The Nuziveedu’s seeds give the best quality of the cotton seeds to the farmers.

The Study indicates that about the (43%) major source of information to the farmers was

village level workers/ Gramsevak.

All the farmers were growing Bt cotton seed in project area.

(35%) farmers were preferred to Ragav Bt-2.

(48%) Farmers were observed 16-18 qt. production of Bt cotton.

100 percent farmers are growing Nuziveedu’s seed in project area.

(81%) farmers were like production.

4.2 Recommendations:

The study indicated that the high cost of Bt cotton seed is one of the most important

constraints being faced by the cotton growers in the study area. It is therefore suggested

that all the inputs required for Bt cotton cultivation should be provide on nominal price so

that farmers can easily purchase them for cultivation of the crop.

The company should increase its product availability so it can be available easily in

market at a uniform price.

The company should promote Ragav Bt-2.

6. REFERENCES

31

Basu, A.K., & Qaim, M. 2007 on the adoption of genetically modified seeds in developing

countries and the optimal types of government intervention. Journal of Agricultural

Economics, 89(3): 784-804.

Bhople ,R.S., Shinde, P.S., and Dhule, S.S. 2001. Knowledge and adoption of bio control pest

management in cotton. Maharashtra journal of extension education, 20:18-21

Crost, B., Shankar, B., Bennett, R., & Morse, S. 2007. Bias from farmer self-selection in

genetically modified crop productivity estimates: evidence from Indian data. Journal

of Agricultural Economics, 58(1): 24-36.

Desai,B.R., Waman,G.K.and Girase, K.A. 2000. Adoption of recommended technology for

rainfed cotton NHH-44. Maharashtra journal of extension education, 22:106-109

Deshmukh, V., Shinde, P.S. and Bhople, R.S.2003. Impact of training imparted by KVK on

cotton growers. Maharashtra Journal of extension education, 22: 106-109.

Deshpande, R S (2002): ‘Suicide by Farmers in Karnataka: Agrarian Distress and Possible

Alleviatory Steps’, Economic and Political Weekly, 37. 26: 2601-2610.

Kalasker, A.P., Shinde, P.S., Bhople, R.S. and Geete, M.H. 2001.Factors influencing knowledge

of cotton growers about integrated pest management practices in cotton. Maharashtra

Journal of extension education, 20: 117-119.

Kumar, S. 2002 Knowledge level and extent of adoption of recommended practices for cotton

crop by the farmers. Madras agriculture journal of extension education, 89:293-296

Nimje, N.R., Shinha, R.R. and Choudhary, D.P. 2003. Knowledge of farmers about dry land

technology of cotton. Maharashtra Journal of extension education, 9: 165-169.

32

Nimje, N.R., Shinha, R.R. and Choudhary, D.P. 2003. Knowledge of farmers about dry land

technology of cotton. Maharashtra Journal of extension education, 9: 165-169.

Patil, R.K. and Tekale, D.D. 2005.Constraints in adoption of cotton production practices.

Maharashtra Journal of extension education, 20: 362- 365.

Websites:

www.cottonindia.com

www.nuziveeduseeds.co.in

www.cottoncorp.gov.in

www.lifestylemonitor.cottoninc.com

www.cotton.org

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33

Appendix

Questionnaire

Basic Information

Name:-

Address:-

Contact No:-

Education: - Illiterate/Up to primary/ Middle/Secondary/Higher Secondary/Graduate

Land: - Small/ Marginal/Large (……..Acres)

Irrigation Facility: - Tube well/Farm pond/ Other (Specify)

Cropping Pattern:-Mono cropping/ intercropping/ Multiple cropping

Knowledge about source of Information:

Sr. No. Sources of Information Frequency Of Contact

Regularly (3)

Frequently (2)

Occasionally (1)

Never (0)

1. Village level worker

2. Assistant Agriculture Officer

3. Agriculture Officer

4. Scientist from Research Station

5. Personnel of NGO

6. Private Agency

{ii}

34

(1) Detailed Information (1) Do you grow seeds?

Yes No

[A] If yes what type of seeds you grow?

Cotton Maize Soybean Bajra Other

[B] If other than specify

[C] How many percentage of land you have irrigated or non irrigated?

Irrigated Non irrigated

(2) Do you grow Bt- Cotton? Yes No

[A] If yes which companies seed you grow?

Nuziveedu Rasi Ajit Other

[B] If other than specify

(3) You grow Nuziveedu’s Bt-cotton?

Yes No

{iii}

35

[A] If yes which type of variety you grow?

Bunny(NCS-145 BG-II) Manjeet (NCS-858 BG-II) Raghav (NCS-855 BG-II) Ranjeet (NCS-913 BG-I) Kisan Early (NCS-138 BG-I) Other

[B] If other then specify

(4) What type of benefit you like in Nuziveedu seed? Production Sucking pest Height Look Other

(5) How much quintal you get production in one acre?

12-14 14-16 16-18 18-20 More than 20

(6) You satisfied with Nuziveedu seeds?

Yes No

Suggestion:-

36