Contact

France and the Amerindians

• Northeast• Trade• Most successful• Gift givers• Beaver pelts• Firearms, alcohol• Jesuits

Spain and the Amerindians

• Southwest, Pueblo• Encomienda system• Mission system • Pope’s Rebellion (1680)• Horses, sheep• 90%

England and the Amerindians

• Removal or extermination• Pilgrims in Plymouth Bay• Squanto, 1st Thanksgiving, 1621• Puritans in New England, convert, 1630’s• Pequot War-women, kids• King Phillips War 1670’s-women, kids,

Metacom, the end• New England Confederation-1643

England and the Amerindians

• Pennsylvania- Quakers, good• Chesapeake (Va.,MD.,) , John Smith and

Powhatans, John Rolfe and Pocahantas, Anglo-Powhatan Wars; Bacon’s Rebellion(1670’s)

• Carolinas- sold Indians into slavery in Barbados

• French and Indian War (1754-1763)- move into interior

Dutch and the Amerindians

• New Netherlands• 1600’s• Hudson River Valley• Fur trade with Iroquois• Peter Minuit bought Manhattan• Wars eventually

Southern Colonies

General Characteristics

• Plantation• Tobacco & rice• Indentured servants then slaves• Sparsely populated• Religious toleration• Anglican Church prominent• Expansion

Chesapeake (Virginia & Maryland)

Virginia

• 1607• Jamestown• Virginia Company• Gold, Christianity, Northwest Passage• Virginia Charter-rights• Starving time (1610-1611)

Virginia

• Captain John Smith-1608, Powhatans, Pocahantas, food, peace

• John Rolfe- tobacco, plantation system• House of Burgesses- 1619, colonial

parliament• 1624- Va. Becomes a Royal colony

Maryland

• Charles I; Sir George Calvert (Lord Baltimore)

• Catholic• Act of Toleration 1649, no Jews & atheists

Life in Chesapeake

• Disease• ½ born there die before 20• Women scarce- marry early• By 1700, Va. Most populous, 50,000• By 1700, MD., 3rd populous, 30,000

Restoration Colonies

• No colonization during English Civil War• 1640’s-1650’s• Charles II “Restored” to power 1660• Colonization began again• Carolinas, New York, Pennsylvania

British West Indies

• Sugar plantations• Slaves• Population increase• Moved to America with slaves

Carolinas

• 1670• Grow foodstuff for sugar plantations in

Barbados and export wine, silk, olive oil• Rice• 1710: more blacks than whites

North Carolina

• Charles Town, 1712• Poor and religious dissenters from

Carolina and Va.• Most democratic, independent and least

aristocratic

Georgia

• 1733• The last• James Oglethorp• Haven for debtors, buffer b/w Spain and

indians from the south• Savannah: diverse, no Catholics

Slavery

• Most from West Africa• 50 m died or became slaves• 400,000 to North America• 20% died in Middle Passage• Most slaves came after 1700• Less immigration from Europe• Longer life span in America

Slave Codes

• Property for life of master• Crime to teach• Christianity did not equal freedom• Harshest in South, least in Middle• Tobacco less deadly• Gullah• Stono Rebellion: 1739, more control over

slaves

Southern Society-18th c

• Plantation owners• Small farmers• Landless Whites• Indentured Servants• Black Slaves• Underdeveloped, few cities, plantations

New England Colonies

Protestant Reformation

• Martin Luther 1517• John Calvin 1536- the elect• Church of England 1530’s• Puritans• Separatists- Pilgrims, Mayflower,

Plymouth, Thanksgiving

Massachusetts

• 1629• Charles I- anti Puritans• Non separatist Puritans• The Great Migration• English Civil War (1642-1649)• John Winthrop• “A house….”- model of Christian charity

Massachusetts

• Covenant theology• Belong to Puritans, free, adult, 2/5• Puritans became Congregational Church• Town hall meetings• Not a democracy• Taxes to church• Least tolerant of religions

Massachusetts

• Quakers• Anne Hutchinson- antomianism, RI• Roger Williams- Indians, “liberty of

conscience”, separation, Providence• Half-Way Covenant- 1662• Salem Witch Trials- 1692, decline of

Puritan clergy, Cotton Mather

Rhode Island

• 1644• Roger Williams• Baptist church• Complete freedom of religion, Jews and

Catholics• Simple suffrage• Individualistic & independent

Connecticut

• 1636• Puritans from Boston• Rev. Thomas Hooker• More land• New Haven-1638, stricter than Hooker,

Charles II, revenge, CT.• Fundamental Orders- 1st modern

constitution in American History

Maine

• 1677• Part of MBC• 1820

New Hampshire

• 1679• MBC in 1641• Fishing, trading• Charles II, royal

Dominion of New England

• Charles II clamps down- meetings, press, taxes, smuggling grew

• MBS revoke 1684• 1686- Dominion• Mercantilism- benefit of England• Goal to unite all NE colonies• Enforce Navigation laws• Defense against indians

Glorious Revolution

• 1688• James II (Cath.) out; William & Mary in• Constitutional monarchy• Boston arrests leader of DNE (Andros)• Unrest begins• Mass. Becomes Royal, tighter control• Trade, fishing, lumber, shipping, fur

Impact of Puritans

• Democracy• Perfectionist: anti-slavery, women’s rights,

education, prohibition, prison reform• Harvard 1636, 1st

• Massachusetts School of Law 1642• Compulsory education- literacy• Tight knit society=security• Families, many children

What Political and Religious circumstances in England led to the formation and development of New

England?

• Religious persecution• English Civil War reduced migration• Colonies left alone

How did Religion play a role in the development of

New England Colonies•Pilgrims•Covenant Theology•Rhode Island•Connecticut•Protestant work ethic•Clergy had power•Education

How did New England differ socially,

economically and politically from the southern colonies?•Economically- diverse, little slaves

•Socially- religion, education, family•Politically- church=vote, not as aristocratic, strong communities

How did Puritanism in NE lead towards democracy?

• Town hall meetings• Church members could vote

Trace the decline in the prestige of the Puritan

clergy in the 17th c.

• Halfway Covenant• Dominion of New England• Salem Witch trials• Congregational Church