Containers, container handling History of the container Idea of rationalizing goods transport by avoiding the constant loading and unloading from one means of transport to another. 1930s at the port of Hoboken - Malcolm P. McLean: Loading complete trucks onto ships, in order to transport them as close as possible to their destination. Development of standardized containers and trailers, moved by tractors. Later, the trailers were also left behind and the ships transported just the containers. First Containership, Ideal-X, 1956
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Containers, container handling
History of the container
Idea of rationalizing goods transport by avoiding the constant loading and unloading from one means of transport to another.
1930s at the port of Hoboken - Malcolm P. McLean: Loading complete trucks onto ships, in order to transport them as close as possible to their destination.
Development of standardized containers and trailers, moved by tractors.
Later, the trailers were also left behind and the ships transported just the containers.
First Containership, Ideal-X, 1956
Container design and types
ISO containers
Basic dimensions and masses of freight containers ISO 1
Container design and types
ISO containers
Basic dimensions and masses of freight containers ISO 2
Advantage: worldwide utilizedDisadvantage: inner dimensions don’t fit EURO-pallets
Container design and types
Unit 45’
Container design and types
Swap bodies
Advantages: dimensions compatible with EURO-pallets,lower tara weight,
multiple handling possibilitiesDisadvantages: cannot be (or max. 4 layers) stacked
lower strength
Container design and types
Comparison of swap bodies and semi-trailers
Swap bodies:- Multimodal- Low tara weight
Semi trailers:- Monomodal- Greater inner height
Container design and typesGeneral purpose containers, dry cargo containers or box containers.
Features:
Closed steel construction
End / side doors
No ventilation
Corner fittings
Forklift pockets
Container design and typesOpen-sided containers
Open-top containers
Container design and typesOpen-sided, open-top containers
Platforms, flatracks (collapsible end or fixed)
Container design and typesBulk containers
Filling domes
Container liners
Standard containers -> bulk containers
Loading:PneumaticBelt conveyors
Unloading:Tilting
Container design and typesBulk containers
Unloading by tiltingmax 30”
Unloading through side openings
Container design and typesTank containers
Light weight structure
Swap-tank
Container design and typesFlexitanks
Non-hazardous liquids in standard container
Container design and typesRefrigerated containers
There are two basic types of refrigerated container (reefer) which have each developed differently over the course of time:
Porthole refrigerated containers, also called insulated or Conair containers, do not have their own refrigeration unit. They are thus reliant on an external supply of cold air. Refrigeration units of various types, permanently installed on the ship, permanently installed in the terminal or clip-on units for individual containers, are used for this.
Container design and typesRefrigerated containers
There are two basic types of refrigerated container (reefer) which have each developed differently over the course of time:
Porthole refrigerated containers, also called insulated or Conair containers, do not have their own refrigeration unit. They are thus reliant on an external supply of cold air. Refrigeration units of various types, permanently installed on the ship, permanently installed in the terminal or clip-on units for individual containers, are used for this. (see below)
Integral refrigerated containers, on the other hand, have an integrated refrigeration unit, which is generally powered nowadays using a 3-phase electric power supply
Container design and types – container handlingRoll-off containers (ARC)
Max. length: ca. 6 mMax. height: ca. 2,3 m
Application:- Bulk material- Special containerized equipment- Door-to-door transport
Handling with specialized lifting truck
Chain-system Rope-system Hook-system
Rail – road possible (ACTS)
Container handlingLifting at the top corner fitting
Ship to shore container gantry cranes
Spreader
Twistlock
Container handlingLifting at the top corner fitting
Automatic stacking crane systems
Rubber tyred gantry crane
Container handlingLifting at the top corner fitting
The spreader can adjust its length to lift containers from 20’ to 40’ using ISO floating twistlocks. It also features grapple arms to lift trailers, swap bodies (C715, C745) and bottom lifting containers. Powered Pile Slope (PPS), tilt (optional), rotation and side shift features enable easy location onto containers or near pick-up points achieved with smooth control technology.
Special truck requiredLimited load on the legsRequires great accuracy
