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Contains VeriSign Confidential and Proprietary Information
Recent Threat Trends and a Look Ahead
Buck Watia
iDefense Security Intelligence Operations
2 Contains VeriSign Confidential and Proprietary Information
Presentation Agenda
I. Today’s Threat Environment
II. Progression of Threat Motives & Impact I. A Look BackII. Current & Future Trends, Motivations
III. Recent Malicious ActivityI. StatisticsII. Notable Malcode
IV. Where Do We Go From Here?I. Threats in Context
3 Contains VeriSign Confidential and Proprietary Information
Today’s Threat Environment
+ Enterprise Environment is Increasingly Complex▪ Critical System Explosion▪ Asset Criticality isn’t Enough to Prioritize▪ Increase in Vulnerabilities▪ Constant Updates and Patches
+ Sophistication of Threats▪ Increasingly Advanced Malicious Code▪ Increase in Communication/Teamwork Among Hackers▪ Time to Exploitation Drastically Reduced▪ Stealth Attacks
4 Contains VeriSign Confidential and Proprietary Information
Progression of Motives & Impact
+ 2003 Year of the Worm▪ Notoriety▪ Dawn of code for cash▪ MSFT Bounty program established
+ 2004 Worm War & Criminal Code▪ Bounty program curbs notoriety actors▪ Bounty program hardens criminal gain actors▪ Hundreds of variants, source code releases
+ 2005 Year of the Bot & Ad/Spyware▪ Criminalization and commoditization well developed▪ Target Attacks: Espionage and hacker for hire quickly escalating
+ 2006 Threat of the Unknown: Stealth for Survival▪ Increase in innovation, organization and sophistication▪ Targeted attacks to defeat specific authentication protection
NASA.GOV
5 Contains VeriSign Confidential and Proprietary Information
Creating Code for Cash
Millions of Stolen Credit Cards
Money Mules
Stolen CD Keys
Extortion
Phishing& Pharming
Industrial Espionage Hackers for Hire
Millions of Stolen Account Credentials
- Fedex Account #!
Ad/Spyware
6 Contains VeriSign Confidential and Proprietary Information
2005: Vulnerability Activity
+ 2,954 unique vulnerability reports
+ 13,550 re-versioned reports
+ 598 new exploits
Source: VeriSign iDefense Vulnerability Team
7 Contains VeriSign Confidential and Proprietary Information
Exploitation Frameworks
+ Metasploit Framework▪ Open-source project created in mid-2003 by H.D. Moore▪ Created for pen-testing and research; a free alternative to others▪ Widely used by hacking community since it is free
+ CANVAS▪ Offered by Immunity Inc., started by Dave Aitel in 2002▪ Aimed at promoting exploit development and providing a penetration
testing platform
+ Core Impact▪ Core Impact was developed by CORE Security Technologies in 1996▪ Dubbed as the first fully automated penetration testing product▪ Expensive product used mainly by corporations
8 Contains VeriSign Confidential and Proprietary Information
2005: Top Exploited Vulnerabilities
# of Codes Vulnerability Exploited
1,357 LSASS
526 WebDAV
469 Cumulative Update for Microsoft RPC/DCOM
404 Microsoft ASN.1 BERDecBitString() Buffer Overflow
368 Workstation vulnerability
357 Microsoft Plug-and-Play Buffer Overflow
220 Microsoft Windows DCERPC DCOM Heap Overflow
216 UPnP
172 SQL Server
113 IIS5 SSL DoS vulnerability**Multiple other Microsoft vulnerabilities exploited to a lesser degree
9 Contains VeriSign Confidential and Proprietary Information
2005: Malcode Activity
16,193
365
49
1
0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000
Low
Medium
High
Extreme
Lev
el o
f S
ever
ity
Total Reports
Source: VeriSign iDefense Malcode Team
10 Contains VeriSign Confidential and Proprietary Information
Notable Attacks and Vectors
+ MS05-039/Zotob
+ Google Adword Attack
+ DNS Poisoning
+ WMF File Format Vulnerability
+ Metafisher
11 Contains VeriSign Confidential and Proprietary Information
MS05-039 - Zotob
+ Zero Day Exploit▪ MSFT Discloses Vulnerability – August 9th
▪ Public exploits Released –August 11th▪ More exploits released including one by HOD –
August 12th
+ Why is PNP/ZoTob Important▪ Speed of attack▪ Intel gathering and analysis is key▪ Actors are important and threat is critical
13 Contains VeriSign Confidential and Proprietary Information
Operations: Organized Criminal Groups
Earn thousands of dollars with a part time job at work
– apply today!
Private Financial Receiver
Money Transfer Agent
Country Representative
Shipping Manager
Financial Manager
Sales Manager
Sales Representative
Secondary Highly Paid Job
Client Manager
14 Contains VeriSign Confidential and Proprietary Information
Sophistication: DNS Cache Poisoning
+ 2,000 or more DNS servers poisoned after hacked through AWStats/Other vectors
+ Over 17 families of code, upwards of 20 MB of files, and 45+ malicious files silently installed
+ Mostly adware, spyware, Trojans, and fraud identified as the primary focus of attacks
+ Long term success, not being easily identified or mitigated
15 Contains VeriSign Confidential and Proprietary Information
.WMF File Format Vulnerability
+ Graphic File Format
+ No User Interaction Necessary
+ Originally Developed to Promote a “Pump and Dump” Stock
+ Originally Downplayed by MSFT▪ Came out with out of cycle patch 4 days before Patch Tuesday
+ Still being Exploited Today by Several Codes Including Metafisher
16 Contains VeriSign Confidential and Proprietary Information
Metafisher – Sophisticated Phishing Attacks
+ A Highly Sophisticated Bot for Financial Fraud▪ The IceBerg threat
– Under the radar for months– Encryption cracked
▪ Web-based command-and-control server – Large numbers of Bots
▪ professionally built – suite of tools– user-friendly administration interface
▪ Professional software lifecycle management comparable to many professional software products
18 Contains VeriSign Confidential and Proprietary Information
Metafisher – Known Attack Structures to Date
20 Contains VeriSign Confidential and Proprietary Information
Metafisher – Searchable Stolen Log Files
21 Contains VeriSign Confidential and Proprietary Information
Metafisher – Form.txt – Keylogger and Phished Data
22 Contains VeriSign Confidential and Proprietary Information
BrizTrojan Targets US Banks+ Briz Trojan Family
▪ Not new, family has been around for several months▪ Targets Argentina, Australia, France, Germany, Spain, and US▪ Banks in the US: Bank of America, wellsFargo
+ Sophisticated Attack▪ BHOs combine to make complex credential stealing unit▪ Downloads configuration files to inject HTML and JavaScript into pages to steal
credentials that otherwise would not be requested▪ Screenshots taken on every initial page load and at each mouse click▪ Logged data is stored with time stamps to determine user usage profiles to trick anti
fraud devices▪ Trojan injected verification questions after a successful login▪ Challenges banks customized authentication systems
+ US Banks were not previously a threat to sophisticated financial attacks▪ Increasing Trend▪ Intelligence, Sophistication, Custom code injection▪ Similar path as MetaPhisher▪ Used in combination with money mule operations to move money to off shore
accounts
23 Contains VeriSign Confidential and Proprietary Information
Browser Helper Object
Home User
Spammed links via fake windows update sites/porn
Installs BHO in IE
Initial Compromise
+Trojan can take on multiple layer authentication systems
+i.e. Site Key- BOA
+ Steals all forms
+Injects custom code for targeted attacks against specific banks
+Trojan can take on multiple layer authentication systems
+i.e. Site Key- BOA
+ Steals all forms
+Injects custom code for targeted attacks against specific banks
24 Contains VeriSign Confidential and Proprietary Information
Biz Trojan
Home User
US Banking Servers
Installs BHO
Downloads Javascript to inject SSL verified pages
Screen Shots Taken, Data Logged and saved
Initial Compromise
Command and Control Servers
25 Contains VeriSign Confidential and Proprietary Information
SNATCH: Russian Advanced Banking Malcode
+ Sophisticated malicious code targeting financial services
+ Created by Russian SE-Code’s #Rock group
+ Sophisticated threat similar to Metaphisher and Briz Trojans
26 Contains VeriSign Confidential and Proprietary Information
SNATCH: Russian Advanced Banking Malcode
+ Targets European and American transactions
+ Grabs:▪ SSL Forms and Logs▪ E-gold, ebay, paypal, Casino accounts, bank accounts▪ TANs▪ ITANS
+ Search Engine▪ Spoofs queries to redirect users to sites of its choice
+ Currently being sold for profit as a sophisticated tool for financial gain, here is the pricing▪ Enhanced Builder Version for $600.
– AV Updates for $50 to get around all new anti-virus engine builds to extend the life of the product
27 Contains VeriSign Confidential and Proprietary Information
Threat Context is King: MS05-039 & MS05-051
MS05-039 (UPnP)
+ Unprecedented Underground Activity and Chatter
+ Public exploit code in 2 days
+ Rooters and bots within 5 days
+ Leading bot author, Diabl0, releases first bot on day 5, ZoTob.A.
+ Workarounds and Emergency Patch Procedures Implemented
MS05-051 (MSDTC and COM+)
+ No Underground Activity or Chatter
+ Privately Traded Exploit Code▪ Not in the hands of known
actors. Not in the wild.
+ No Functional Malicious Code in the Wild
+ Deploy MS05-051 at normal speed (ID# 425064).
+ Do Not Go into Emergency Patch Procedures
28 Contains VeriSign Confidential and Proprietary Information
Threats in Context
+ Vulnerabilities▪ Is this a real threat to my critical systems?▪ Example: What exactly is vulnerable to MS06-001 WMF exploitation?
+ Malicious Code & Exploit Code▪ Is there malicious code or exploit code in the wild?▪ Is it public or private?▪ Is it limited to a specific operating system or application?▪ Is it highly functional or only work part of the time?
+ Threat Environment▪ Where did the malicious code come from?▪ What actors or groups are responsible?▪ Is there underground chatter?▪ Is the exploit code being traded or sold?
29 Contains VeriSign Confidential and Proprietary Information
iDefense Background
+ The Leading Security Intelligence Research Team ▪iDefense provides pro-active notification of impending threats,
including vulnerabilities and malicious code
+ Industry-Leading Services Offerings▪Intelligence is all the iDefense team does▪Completely vendor-agnostic
+ Marquee Customer and Partner Base▪Government, financial services, insurance, healthcare, retail▪Security software and services
+ 5 Experienced Intelligence Teams▪VAT, Labs, Malcode, RRT, Threat
+ Actively Gathering Cyber Intelligence Since 1998
Contains VeriSign Confidential and Proprietary Information
Thank you
If you have any questions regarding this presentation please contact Buck Watia at [email protected]