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Advanced Technology for Advanced Technology for Design Mapping and Design Mapping and Construction LayoutConstruction Layout

A A C E Meeting

Daniel K. MardockDaniel K. MardockRBF Consulting Survey ManagerRBF Consulting Survey Manager

Registered Land SurveyorRegistered Land SurveyorCertified Federal SurveyorCertified Federal Surveyor

Arizona Professional Land Surveyors Association Arizona Professional Land Surveyors Association Central Chapter PresidentCentral Chapter President

A.A.C.E. MeetingAugust 5, 2009

ContentsContents

►►Pace of Developing Survey TechnologyPace of Developing Survey Technology►►GPSGPS►►PhotogrammetryPhotogrammetry►►Laser Scanning TechnologyLaser Scanning Technology►►Construction/Machine GuidanceConstruction/Machine Guidance

1750’s to 1950’s 1750’s to 1950’s Compass and ChainColonial and Early US Lands Surveys

Portable Telescope Improves PrecisionSteel Tape Improves Measurement Precision

Solar Transit for AstronomicBearings Used in Geodesy

Solar CompassDeveloped to Correct for Magnetic Anomalies

Technology Improves Precision

All Measuring Completed byCrossing the Ground

200 Year Span

1950’s to Now: Electronic Age1950’s to Now: Electronic Age

Microwave Laser

Infrared

Measurements still made across the ground but, only the endpoints of the

line must be occupied.40 to 50 Year SpanInfrared

InfraredLaser & Infrared

Calculations & Data CollectionCalculations & Data Collection

1st Shift Key Continuous Memory

Preprogrammed Chip

200 Year Span

Memory Card. Infrared Comm.

Data Upload and Download Cogo Functions

DOS Programming

Commodore 64Windows SystemBluetoothRadio for RoboticsCellular ModemE-MailController SoftwareCogo FunctionsGPS Processing Collection and Stakeout

30 to 40 Year Span

Data Collection and MapsData Collection and Maps

200 Year Span

40 to 50 Year Span

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Global Positioning SystemGlobal Positioning System

►►No longer need line of sight for measurementNo longer need line of sight for measurement

►►No real limit on the length of the line to be No real limit on the length of the line to be measured a few feet to several milesmeasured a few feet to several milesmeasured, a few feet to several milesmeasured, a few feet to several miles

►► Finally the surveyor is free to wander the earth Finally the surveyor is free to wander the earth and take the easy measurementsand take the easy measurements

►►Differential GPS centimeter accuracyDifferential GPS centimeter accuracy

►►GPS has two main segments…GPS has two main segments…

GPS Has Two Main SegmentsGPS Has Two Main Segments

SPACE SEGMENTSPACE SEGMENT

GROUND SEGMENTGROUND SEGMENTINTERACTION OF INTERACTION OF

SPACE AND GROUND SEGMENTSSPACE AND GROUND SEGMENTS

GPS By TrilaterationGPS By TrilaterationDistance D = Speed of Light x Time

D

GPS Is A Statistical Approach To GPS Is A Statistical Approach To Measurement AnalysisMeasurement Analysis

►►GPS surveying is analysis of hundreds of GPS surveying is analysis of hundreds of thousands of measurements projected on thousands of measurements projected on mathematical models of the earth sphere mathematical models of the earth sphere (Conventional is 1 or 2 measurements on a (Conventional is 1 or 2 measurements on a (Co e t o a s o easu e e ts o a(Co e t o a s o easu e e ts o aplane) plane)

►►No more assumed coordinatesNo more assumed coordinates

►►All projects can be geoAll projects can be geo--referencedreferenced

►►Vertical component of the measurement is the Vertical component of the measurement is the weakest link, longer occupation timesweakest link, longer occupation times

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GPS Subsidence NetworkGPS Subsidence Network

PhotogrammetryPhotogrammetryg yg y

Photogrammetry forPhotogrammetry forLarge Scale ProjectsLarge Scale Projects

Film photos offset for stereo image and drafted by machine

Computerization added. CAD Mapping Deliverables

Film is scanned or digital photography and drafting is performed from the digital 3-D image

Film Camera Digital CameraFrame or Push Broom Airborne Laser Scanner

Light Detection and Ranging

100 Scale Planimetrics100 Scale Planimetrics

►Feature Collection Placement

►Road edges curb, edge asphalt, dirt road, concrete

►Bridges

►Buildings including tanks and docks (but not sheds)

►Sidewalks, driveways, concrete paths, concrete slabs

Contour GenerationContour Generation

InRoads Site Suite Software

1. Create triangulated surface

2. Generate contours to specified interval

AutocorrelationAutocorrelation►Automatic Elevation Extraction

►Computer Generated DEM

►Matches Histograms of Pixels

►Increased Speed & Density

Ch k d F A►Checked For Accuracy

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Multispectral & IRMultispectral & IR

► Infrared

►Hardscape/Softscape

►Plant Vigor

►Multispectral

►Broader Spectrum

►More Classification

LiDAR (Light Detection & LiDAR (Light Detection & Ranging)Ranging)

►Elevation Data Collection Utilizing Near Infrared Laser Pulses

M D i f P l f►Measures Duration of Pulse from Aircraft to Ground

►Capable of producing a Raw Digital Elevation Model (DEM)

►Data Must be Post Processed

►Data Collection Performed Day or Night

Laser ScanningLaser Scanninggg

3D Laser Scanning3D Laser Scanning

►Laser Beam That Measures Time of Flight

►Returns XY&Z Coordinates

►Measures as close as a 1/8 inch pattern

►Performs a 360 deg Horz. by 270 deg Vert. Scan

►Digital Ortho Photos

►Accuracy to +/- 0.01ft

Each scan point has an X,Y,Z coordinate

Infrastructure Data CaptureInfrastructure Data CaptureOld Way►Single Purpose►Site re-Visits►Tedious, daily routine

New Way►Speed, Accuracy, 24 hrs & minimal

impact►Augments traditional capture►More services provided faster

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Impact of Terrestrial ScannersImpact of Terrestrial Scanners

TraditionalSurvey

Laser Scanning

Survey $0

From this….

To This….

A laser scan point cloud registered

and geo-referenced into site co-ordinate and

elevation systems with horizontal andwith horizontal and vertical accuracy of

+ 4mm.

The registered Point Cloud is modeled into CADD as a three-dimensional wire frame.

Additional structural layers can also be added as CADD solids. Walls placed in CAD show conflict

with added ductwork.

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Separate elements can be removed for views as needed.

ConstructionConstruction

Machines ThenMachines Then Machines NowMachines Now

Laser SystemsLaser SystemsAccuracy +/Accuracy +/-- 0.03’0.03’

Robotic Robotic -- Advanced Tracking SensorAdvanced Tracking SensorAccuracy +/Accuracy +/-- 0.01’ to 0.03’0.01’ to 0.03’

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GPSGPSAccuracy +/Accuracy +/-- 0.15’0.15’

Machine Guidance TechnologyMachine Guidance Technology►Benefits of Machine Guidance

3D enabled machines produce a consistent and quality product

In conjunction with a BIM, Machine Guidance enables all stakeholders to maintain their designs in a real-time environment

Avoidance zones can be created to alert operators to restricted areas

GPS provides an extra set of eyes to catch mistakes

Can substantially reduce construction schedules

Sustainable practices encouraged

Construction LayoutConstruction Layout

Old Way►Tedious staking►Constant Rework►Daylight Activity

New Way►Automated, model-based and GPS-

guided grading►Improves worker safety►Increases speed and accuracy

The Connected Site► Positioning Information► Upload Plan Data► Download As Built Data► Analyze Project Progress► Update Project Schedule► Calculate Pay Quantities► Asset Management► Resource Management► Project Communications► Design Professionals can be linked

directly to the site

Questions?Questions?