Contents Editors Contributors Forewords Preface I. Organisation 1. Organisation of Perinatal Care Shoo K. Lee 2. Organisation of Neonatal Intensive Care Keng- Wee Tan 3. The Expanded Role of Neonatal Nursing Thomas T. w: Chiu 4. Perinatal-Neonatal Audit Pak-Cheung Ng, Victor Y.H. Yu 5. Neonatal Intensive Care in Developing Countries Chap- Yung Yeung, Nai-Shun Tsoi II. Fetal Growth and Development 6. Prenatal Diagnosis for Paediatricians Emily w: Y. Ling 7. Maternal Diseases Affecting the Fetus Xing-Guo Liu 8. Antepartum Fetal Assessment David T. Y. Liu Xl xiii XIX xxiii 1 3 9 21 33 43 49 51 63 69
Transcript
Contents
Editors
Contributors
Forewords
Preface
I. Organisation
1. Organisation of Perinatal Care Shoo K. Lee
2. Organisation of Neonatal Intensive Care Keng- Wee Tan
3. The Expanded Role of Neonatal Nursing Thomas T. w: Chiu
4. Perinatal-Neonatal Audit Pak-Cheung Ng, Victor Y.H. Yu
5. Neonatal Intensive Care in Developing Countries Chap- Yung Yeung, Nai-Shun Tsoi
II. Fetal Growth and Development
6. Prenatal Diagnosis for Paediatricians Emily w: Y. Ling
7. Maternal Diseases Affecting the Fetus Xing-Guo Liu
8. Antepartum Fetal Assessment David T. Y. Liu
Xl
xiii
XIX
xxiii
1
3
9
21
33
43
49
51
63
69
vi Contents
9. Intrapartum Fetal Assessment 77 Sze-Ya Yeh
10. Prematurity 85 Tai-Fai Fok
11. Small for Gestational Age Infants 99 Kuo-Inn Tsou Yau
12. Drugs Used in Pregnancy Affecting the Fetus 109 Xing-Guo Liu
III. General Neonatal Care 115
13. Delivery Room Resuscitation 117 Gary M. Chan
14. Perinatal Asphyxia 125 Victor Y.H. Yu, Ze-Kang Feng
15. Physical Examination 135 Chin-Theam Lim
16. Birth Injuries 145 Nem-Yun Boo
17. Neonatal Screening 159 Louis c.K. Low, Chap- Yung Yeung
18. Care of the Normal Neonate 171 Michael c.K. Chan
19. Thermoregulation 177 Yuh-Jyh Lin, Tsu-Fuh Yeh
20. Neonatal Hypothermia and Sc1eroedema 187 Wen-Lan Hong, Lian-Ying Pan
IV. Fluid and Nutrition 193
21. Fluid Homeostasis 195 Paul Y.K. Wu
22. Feeding the Normal Term Infant 207 Gary M. Chan
23. Feeding the Preterm Infant 215 Victor Y.H. Yu
24. Mineral Requirements 225 Winston w.K. Koo, Reginald C. Tsang
25. Parenteral Nutrition 235 Victor Y.H. Yu
Contents vii
V. Respiratory Disorders 243
26. Respiratory Physiology 245 Kei Lui
27. Prevention of Respiratory Distress Syndrome 255 Victor Y.H. Yu, Han-Zheng lin
72. Applications of DNA Technology in Clinical Genetics Ivy Ng
73. Chromosome Abnormalities Lai-Yun Ho, Nai-Kiong Ho
74. Congenital Malformations Nai-Kiong Ho, Lai- Yun Ho
75. The Dysmorphic Infant Lai-Yun Ho, Ivy Ng
76. Mode of Inheritance Lai- Yun Ho, Nai-Kiong Ho
Contents ix
569
571
579
589
599
607
617
619
635
649
661
665
677
685
697
699
705
717
723
731
x Contents
77. Genetic Counselling Lai- Yun Ho, Ivy N g
XIV. Procedures and Pharmacology
78. Practical Neonatal Procedures Chin-Theam Lim
79. Neonatal Pharmacology Emily W. Y. Ling
80. Neonatal Anaesthesia Lena S. Sun
81. Neonatal Surgery Chung-Kwong Yeung, Kim-Hung Lee
XV. Ethical Issues and Cost Considerations
82. Commuicating with Parents of Sick Babies T.H.H. Guan Koh
83. Outcome of Very Low Birthweight Infants Victor Y.R. Yu
84. Costs of Neonatal Intensive Care and Long-Term Disabilities Shoo K. Lee
85. Ethical Issues in Neonatal Intensive Care Emily W. Y. Ling, Victor Y.H. Yu
XVI. The Chinese Neonate
86. Perinatal-Neonatal Health Care in China Xiao-Cheng Ji
87. Intrauterine Growth Retardation in China: Fetal Aspects Xing-Hua Huang
88. Intrauterine Growth Retardation in China: Neonatal Aspects Shi-Min Zhao
89. Chinese Neonates Are Different Chap-Yung Yeung
90. Neonatal Sepsis in China Shi-Xiao Wu
91. Traditional Chinese Neonatal Medicine Bao-Lin Zhang
Index
741
749
751
763
793
803
817
819
829
839
847
857
859
865
871
877
885
889
897
Editors
Viclor Y. H. Vu
Professor Victor Vu graduated from medical school al Hong Kong University in 1968. He did hi s po~lgr.ldua[c nconatalt r:.tining al the John R:rdcJ itTc Ho!>pilal in Oxford. Engl;:md. in 1972. and at the McMaster Univcr.ity Medical Center in Hamillon. Canada. in 1975. In 1977. he wenl to Australia as Director of Neonal:!l Intensive Cure al Monash Medical CCllIrc in Melbourne. Currently. he is also Professor of Neonatology at Mona~h Universi ty. Professor Vu is 3 Fellow of the Royal College!> of
Zc-ka ng Feng (Jack-Hong Fung)
Professor Zc-Kan~ FCI1£ graduated from HutJ:lIl Medical College (formerly Yale in Hu nan Medical
Physicians of London. Edinburgh and Glasgow. and the Royal Austr..t lasian College of Phy!>ic i an ~.
His neonatal research had earned him a MSc and MD degree by thcsis. 1·1e hm. published five books (thrce others in preh). 92 chapters. 201 papers and 266 abstracts. He ha!> been supervisor for po!>tgr:lduale ncoll<ualtr:lining to 95 paediatrici:lIls from 30 countries. other than those from Au~tr:llia .
His profess ional :\cti v it ie!> included being Chairman of the Perinatal Medicine COl1l1l1illee. Au~tralian College of Paediatric!'>: ,biting profc!'>!>or at the Chine:.e Uni.,.cn.ity of Hong Kong. National Tai\\an Uni\er),ity in Taipei. J inan Univer!>i lY in China: consullanl to thc Si ngapore and Hong Kong Govenullcnts and the World Health Organi.;ation. Cou nci l Mem ber o f thc World As!>oci:uion of Peri natal Medici ne: Secrcta ry-Gener:.1 o f th e Feder.llion of A),ia-Oce:mia Perinatal Societie .... : and President of Ihe Australian Perinatal Socicty.
College). China in 1958. He did hi)' Neonato logy Fellowship training in the Hospital for Si ck Chi l-d re n. Toronto. Cl11ada under the s upervision of Profc ........ or Paul Swyer in the period between Jul y 1981 li nd Septe mber 1982. He wa!.;m A)',oc ia tc Profes)'or. then Profes .... or (si ncc 1991 ) and Chair-Illan (1986-92) of the Department of Pediatrics o f Jinan Uni vcr)'ity Medical Collegc. Gu.lIlg71wll. China. He wa.~ abo the Di rector ( 1989-93) of New Born Serviccs <lIthe Aflili:lted Hospital of J inan . Since 199-L he has been Professor and Head of thc
xii Editors
Department of Pediatrics. Kiang Wu Hospita l in Macau. which is thc (caching ho~pi t:ll of Jinan Uni-ve rsity M edical College and Sun Vet Sen Uni vcr.~ ity of Medical Sciences in Guangzhou. As ch ief editor or co-editor, he ha s publi shed four booh (including one in prc~s). ten chapters in an-other threc books. and o\cr 30 papen.. He has been the supervisor for postgr:lduate master tmining to
Reg. inald C. Tsang
Dr Reginald Tsang is David G. & Priscilla R. Gam-ble Professor of Neonatology a nd Professor o f Pcdim rics. Obstetrics & Gynecology of the Univcr-~ i ty of the Ci ncinnati. He is the Executivc Dircctor of the Peri natal RCM!arch h1\litute. As~ociatc Chair-mall for Rcsc:lrch and Univcrsity Affairs. and until
Chap-Yung Yeung
Profc~sor Chap-Yung Yeung is a graduatc of the Un iversi ty of Ho ng Kong. l--Ie was trained in neonal,.1 medici ne at Ihe Hammersmith Hospital. London ( [ 967-68) and al Mc Master Univcrsi ty. Ca nada (1972) and w:ts the A~~ociate Director of the Nconat:tl Unit of McM:ISter Unh 'ersi ty (1974-76). S ince latc 1980. he has been the Professor :lIld Head of the Depanment of Paediatrics of the U nivcr~ity of Hong Kong. He ha~ organised the
loeven pedi:ltrici ans in China. He i:. Chai rman of Provincial Per inatal Medicine Soc ie ty in Guangdong province. and board Illember or council me m be r o f 15 o th er national or provincial pediatric. neonatal. perinatal or medical commiltee~ or societies. He is :Ilso editorial board member or a ... sociate-chicf o f editorial board of nine national pediatric or perinatal medical joumal.<,.
recently he was Direc tor of th e Oi vi~io n of Neo nato logy. one of the large ... t divis io ns of ncon:ltology in the USA. Dr T ... :lIlg i ... the past presi-dem of the American College of Nutrition. He has received Nutrition Award ... from the ;.\ meric:.m Acad-emy of Pediatrics. the Americ:ul Col lege of Nutrition and the March of Dimes. Dr Ts,lIlg is As~iate Editor of the JOtIl1Il1I (If Pt'tiilltric.\". and he is a reviewer for numerous journallo in nutrition. pediatrics. metabolism endocrinology. and develop-lllent:ll bio logy. He has been invited to ~pe,lk in 30 states of the USA and 25 fore ign coumrie.' on sub-jects of nutri tion. diabetes. calciulll :md vitamin D metabolism. Dr Tsang has :lut hored or co-authored 0\ er 340 sciemilic papers :lIld book chapten..
developmcnt of the fi rs t neonatal and paediatric illlcnsive care programme in Hong Kong: he had also developed several other su b-specialt y pro-gramliles such as neonat:.l laborat ory services. ('ardiology and Ileuro-developmentrtl service within the network hospi tals of hi s department . He [1:IS publi~hed ovcr 160 papers. several ch:tpterlo in boob, a clinical atlas of Chinese infalll .... and 110 ab ... tr:lcts. He h:ls lectured in neighbouring and o ther over ... eas countri es and ha, been visi ting professor 10 universi ties in China and overseas incl uding Australia. Canada. Mal ay~ i a. New Zea-land. Si ngapo re, Sri Lanka and the USA. l'le halo been elected Fellowships to the Royal Colleges of Physicians o f Australia. Canada. Edinburgh. Glas-gow. Ireland and London . He wa~ abo awarded Honor.try membership of the American Pediatric Society.
Contributors
~~JIj Xiu-Lan Bao, MD Professor of Pediatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
ffljjJ~ Nem-Yun Boo, MBBS, FRCPE, FRCPG Professor of Paediatrics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
~tQ~ Gary M. Chan, MD Professor of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
~tK~ Ka-Wah Chan, MBBS Chief, Bone Marrow Transplatation Service, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Professor of Pediatrics, University of Texas; Houston, Texas, USA.
~f;kJ$ Michael C.K. Chan, MBE, MD, FRCP Director, National Health Service Ethnic Unit, Leeds, England. Formerly Professor of Paediat-rics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool; and Consultant Neonatologist, Fazakerley Hospital; Liverpool, England.
*~f! Mei-Hwei Chang, MD Professor and Chief, Division of Pediatric Gastro-enterology, Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, china.
m7~ Hun-Seng Chao, MD Protor Scholar, Division of Neonatology, Depart-ment of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
~t£lE Ke-Zheng Chen, MD Director of NICU, Chief Physician of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Children's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
~t§11J Zi-Li Chen, MD Professor of Pediatrics, Chairman of Department of Neonatology, Hubei Maternal and Child 'Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
~jIH3t5C Tom D.Y. Chin, MD, MPH Professor Emeritus, Departments of Preventive Medicine and Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
xiv Contributors
MH~{;t Thomas T. W. Chiu, MD Professor and Associate Chairman of Pediatrics, University of Florida; Chief of Neonatology, Uni-versity Medical Center; Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
£i[lE* Cheng T. Cho, MD, PhD Professor of Pediatrics and Microbiology; Chief, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Depart-ment of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
m§~'m Ze-Kang Feng, MD Professor of Pediatrics, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Head, Department of Pediatrics, Kiang Wu Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Jinan University Medical College and Sun Yet Sen University of Medical Sciences, Macau.
t~::~*~ Tai-Fai Fok, MBBS, FRCPE, FHKCP, FHKAM, DCH Professor and Chairman of Paediatrics, Chinese University of Hong Kong; Neonatologist, Prince of Wales Hospital; Shatin, Hong Hong.
~Jr*~ Tong-Eng Gan, MBBS, FRACP, FRCPA Director of Haematology, Monash Medical Cen-tre; Senior Lecturer in Pathology and Immunology, Monash University; Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
g:ffl5 Xi-Ji Guan, MD Professor of Pediatrics, Sun Yet Sen University of Medical Sciences, Affiliated First Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
~3S.fl:. Yu-Kun Han, MD Professor of Pediatrics, China Medical University; Director of Neonatology, Second Teaching Hospi-tal; Shenyang, China.
{6J7J~l Lai-Yun Ho, MBBS, MMed, FAMS Senior Consultant Paediatrician and Head, Depart-ment of Neonatology and Development Assessment Clinic, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
{6J7J~~ Nai-Kiong Ho, MBBS, MMed, FAMS, FRACP, FIACP Head, Department of Neonatal Medicine I, Kandang Kerbau Hospital, Singapore.
1~)z:r; Wen-Lan Hong, MD Professor of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Medical Univer-sity; Director of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital; Hanzhou, China.
:;:t~J~ De-Ming Huang, MD Professor of Pediatrics, The Third Hospital of Beijing Medical University, Beijing, China.
:;:~~¥ Xing-Hua Huang, MD Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Capital Medical University, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing, China.
*i~~~ Xiao-Cheng Ji, MD Professor of Pediatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
~1~rt Han-Zheng Jin, MD Professor of Pediatrics, Shanghai Medical Uni-versity, Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
r§b~fj
Lily C. Kao, MD Neonatologist, Children's Hospital, Oakland, Cali-fornia, USA.
r§b9=J%D Katherine C.H. King, MD Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Neonatologist, Schneider Children's Hospital; New York, New York, USA.
r%J YEt ~ ¥ij tj T.H.H. Kuan Koh, MA, MBChB, MRCP, FRACP Neonatologist, Woden Valley Hospital; Senior Lecturer in Paediatrics, University of Sydney Canberra Clinical School; Canberra, Australia.
~ftJ~ Winston W.K. Koo, MBBS, FRACP Professor of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, De-troit, Michigan, USA.
~~fJ~ Barbara Lam, MBBS, MRCP, FHKCP, FHKAM Consultant Paediatrician, Neonatal Unit, Tsan Yuk Hospital; Clinical Lecturer in Paediatrics, Univer-sity of Hong Kong; Hong Kong.
iF¥~lt Yu-Lung Lau, MBBS, MD, FRCPE, FHKCP, FHKAM Professor of Paediatrics, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.
*~rj~t Kim-Hung Lee, MBBS, FRCSE, FHKAM Senior Medical Officer, Division of Paediatric Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.
*~j~m Shoo K. Lee, MBBS, SM, FRCPC, FAAP Associate Director, NICU, Beth Israel Hospital; Associate in Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Children's Hospital; In-structor in Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School; Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
~SJZ Maurice P. Leung, MBBS, MD, FRCPE, FACC, FHKCP, FHKAM Professor of Paediatrics, The University of Hong Kong; Head of Cardiology, Grantham Hospital; Hong Kong.
*~. Zhuo-Suan Li, MD Professor of Pediatrics, Jinan University; Director
Contributors xv
of Newborn Service, Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
if*Jiit Chin-Theam Lim, MBBS, MRCP Associate Professor of Paediatrics, University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
if*;ttfD Chyi-Her Lin, MD Associate Professor of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung U ni versi ty; Director, Division of Neonatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, China.
t*fWrt7t, Yuh-Jyh Lin, MD Attending Physician, Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng-Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, China.
&!!R Emily W.Y. Ling, MD, FRCP(P) Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia; Neonatologist, British Colum-bia's Children's Hospital; Vancouver, Canada.
irJt~7J< David T.Y. Liu, MBBS, DM, MPhil, FRACOG, FRCOG Senior Lecturer in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham; Consultant Obsterician and Gynaecologist, City Hospital; Nottingham, England.
irJflfGtt Wan-Jun Liu, MD Professor of Pediatrics, Tongji Medical Univer-sity, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
irJ~~ Xing-Guo Liu, MD Professor of Pediatrics, Shanghai Second Medical University; Chief, Department of Neonatology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital; Shanghai, China.
xvi Contributors
;ti1~ Vi Liu, MD Professor of Pediatrics, Guangxi Medical Univer-sity Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
./~,m Louis C.K. Low, BSc, MBChB, FRCPE, FRCPG, FHKCP, FHKAM Professor of Paediatrics, The University of Hong Kong; Paediatric Endocrinologist, Queen Mary Hospital; Hong Kong.
m~ Kei Lui, MBBS, FRACP Neonatologist, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.
JifffiHi Ivy Ng, MBBS, MMed, FAMS Consultant Paediatrician and Geneticist, Singapore General Hospital; Clinical Tutor, National Uni-versity of Singapore; Singapore.
11isffr$ Pak-Cheung Ng, MBChB, MD, MRCP, DCH, FHKCP, FHKAM Associate Professor in Paediatrics, Chinese Uni-versity of Hong Kong; Neonatologist, Prince of Wales Hospital; Shatin, Hong Kong.
?=I~~ Liang-Ying Pan, MD Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Medical College, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
?1~~W Xiao-Mei Shao, MD Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Shanghai Medi-cal University; Director of Newborn Service, Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
E~tcp Shu-Zhong Shi, MD Director of Newborn Service and Neonatal Re-search, Shanghai First Maternal and Infant Health Institute, Shanghai, China.
:fjffi~~ Vivian E. Shih, MD Associate Professor of Neurology, Harvard Medi-
cal School; Director, Amino Acid Disorder Labo-ratory and Neurology Service, ,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
f*JCA~ Lena S. Sun, MD Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
~!t~ Keng-Wee Tan, MBBS, MMed Head and Senior Consultant, Department of Neonatal Medicine II, Kandang Kerbau Hospital; Clinical Teacher, Department of Paediatrics, Na-tional University of Singapore; Singapore.
~jlt~Ff~ Kim-Leong Tan, MBBS, FRCPE, FRACP, DCH Professor of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore; Chief, Department of Neonatology, National University Hospital; Singapore.
~1i Theodore Tsai, MD, MPH Assistant Director of Medical Science, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
~ti~ Reginald C. Tsang, MBBS Professor of Neonatology, Pediatrics and Obstet-rics & Gynecology, University of Cincinnati; Executive Director, Perinatal Research Institute, Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati Medical Center; Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
~~~ Nai-Shun Tsoi, MBBS, MRCP, FHKAM, DCH Consultant Paediatrician, University Paediatric Unit, Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.
fl5?:1ffa Ke-Lun Wei, MD Professor and Chairman of Pediatrics, The Sec-ond Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
:li7J<~ Paul W.K. Wong, MD, MSc Professor of Pediatrics, Rush Medical College; Director, Section of Genetics, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center; Chicago, USA.
:litwft Pierre C. Wong, MD Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Southern California School of Medicine; Cardi-ologist, Children's Hospital; Director of Pediatric Echocardiography, Pediatric Pavilion, LAC/USC School of Medicine; Los Angeles, California, USA.
Ji£~1f Sik-Nin Wong, MBBS, FRCPE, FHKCP, FHKAM Consultant Paediatrician, Tuen Mun Hospital; Clinical Lecturer in Paediatrics, The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong.
~~m Paul Y.K. Wu, MD Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal Peri-natal Medicine, University of Southern California; Director, Neonatal Nutrition, Metabolic and Cell Biology Research Laboratory, Los Angeles County and USC Medical Center; Los Angeles, Califor-nia, USA.
~~~; Sheng-Mei Wu, MD Professor and Director, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai, China.
~{±$ Shi-Xiao Wu, MD Professor of Pediatrics, Chongqing Medical Uni-versity; Director of Newborn Service and Clinical Molecular Biology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing, China.
~{=83 Jen-Tien Wung, MD, FCCM Professor of Clinical Anesthesiology and Pediatrics, Collge of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Contributors xvii
~fjJ~ Yan-Ming Xie, MD Professor of Pediatrics, Director of Newborn Serv-ice, Chief Physician of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
~~H1[z
Zhi-Zhi Xu, MD Professor and Chief of Pediatrics, Nanjing Uni-versity; Director of Newborn Service, Nanjing Children's Hospital; Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
~jt*~ Alice C. Yao, MD Professor of Pediatrics, State University of New York; Neonatologist and Pediatric Cardiologist, Children's Medical Center of Brooklyn, Kings County Hospital Center, University Hospital of Brooklyn; Brooklyn, New York, USA.
I~~~ Kuo-Inn Tsou Yau, MD Associate Professor of Pediatrics, National Tai-wan University; Director, Division of Neonatology, National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei, Tai-wan, china.
~~m Tsu-Fuh Yeh, MD Professor of Pediatrics, University of Illinois; Physician, Cook County Children's Hospital; Chicago, Illinois, USA. Vice-Superintendent, Pro-fessor and Chairman of Pediatrics, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, china.
~JG',n Sze-Ya Yeh, MD Professor and Chairman of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Tem-ple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
mtttlm Chap-Yung Yeung, MBBS, FRCPC, FRCP, FRAC~ FRCPE, FRCPG, FHKC~ FHKAM, DCH Professor and Chairman of Paediatrics, The Uni-versity of Hong Kong; Chief of Service, Department of Paediatrics, Queen Mary Hospital; Hong Kong.
xviii Contributors
f~m* Chung-Kwong Yeung, MBBS, MD, FRCSE, FRCSG, FRACS, FHKAM, DCH Associate Professor of Surgery, Chief, Division of Paediatric Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong; Honorary Consultant Paediatric Surgeon, Prince of Wales Hospital; Shatin, Hong Kong.
J!lA~ Ren-Jie Yu, MD Professor and Director, Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Jiu Xian Qiao Hospital, Beijing Medical School, Beijing, China.
~f~~ Victor Y.H. Yu, MBBS, MD, MSc, FRCP, FRCPE, FRCPG, FRAC~ FHKC~ FHKAM, DCH Professor of Neonatology, Department of Paediat-rics, Monash University; Director of Neonatal
Intensive Care, Monash Medical Centre; Mel-bourne, Australia.
~.t* Bao-Lin Zhang, MD Professor of Pediatrics, Hunan Medical Univer-sity; Director of Newborn Service, First Teaching Hospital; Changsha, Hunan, China.
~f~~ Yu-Ming Zhang, MD Professor of Pediatrics, Shanghai Second Medical University; Director of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Children's Hospital; Shanghai, China.
m8~~~ Shi-Min Zhao, MD Professor and Chief of Pediatrics, Chinese Acad-emy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
