Contents page of Self Learning Material (SLM)

POST GRADUATE PROGRAMME

(M.Sc., CHEMISTRY)

Academic support by

DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED CHEMISTRY

Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Karunya Nagar,

Coimbatore – 641 114, TamilNadu, India

COURSE NO. 20CH3001

CHEMICAL KINETICS AND THERMODYANAMICS

CONTENTS

Unit 1 Topics

Lesson 1 Introduction

Lesson 2 Rate of recation

Lesson 3 Order and molecularity of reaction

Unit 2

Lesson 1 Zero order reaction

Lesson 2 Collision theory

Lesson 3 Pseudo first order reaction

Unit 3

Lesson 1 First order reaction

Lesson 2 Second order kinetics

Unit 4

Lesson 1 Chemical thermodynamics -Systems

Lesson 2 Thermodyanmic process

Lesson 3 Laws of Thermodynamics

Unit 5

Lesson 1 Relationship between cp and cv

Lesson 2 Born Haber cycle

Lesson 3 Gibbs free energy

COURSE NO. 20CH3002

Theories of Chemical Bonding

CONTENTS

Topics

UNIT 1

LESSON 1 Periodicity, Bronsted-Lowry Theory

LESSON 2 Lewis Theory – Measures of acid-base strength

LESSON 3 Hard and Soft acids and bases, Classification – Symbiosis,

Electronegativity and harness and softness

UNIT 2

LESSON 4 Protic and Aprotic solvents, Leveling Effect

LESSON 5 Reactions in Non-aqueous solvents, Liquid Ammonia

LESSON 6 Sulfuric acid & Hydrofluoric Acid, Sulfur dioxide, Dinitrogen

tetroxide

UNIT 3

LESSON 7 Lattice energy, Born Lande Equation

LESSON 8 Born Haber Cycle, Fajan‘s rule, Size effects, Factors affecting the

radii of ions

LESSON 9 Radius Ratio - Structures of Compounds of types AX – NaCl, CsCl,

ZnS, NiAs, Structures of type AX2 – CaF2, TiO Structures of type

ABX3 – Perovskite, Ilmenite –Crystal Systems – Defects

UNIT 4

LESSON 10 MO Theory of Diatomic Molecules – Delocalization – Resonance –

VB theory

LESSON 11 Electronegativity and MO Theory –Group Electronegativity –

LESSON 12 VSEPR Theory – Experimental determination of Molecular structure

– Berry pseudorotation – Ion-dipole Interaction – Hydrogen bonding

UNIT 5

LESSON 13 Ligands – Classification – Formation of Complexes –

LESSON 14 Bonding theories – Werner‘s theory – Sidgwick Theory

LESSON 15

VB Theory – Advantages and Defects –

Crystal Field Theory – Shapes of d orbitals – Assumptions - CFSE –

Measurement of 10Dq - Factors Affecting 10Dq – Spectrochemical

Series – Consequences – Merits and limitations of Crystal field theory

LESSON 16 MO Theory – sigma Bond and pi Bond

Reference Books

COURSE NO. 20CH3003

ORGANIC REACTION MECHANISM AND STEREOCHEMISTRY

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

PREFACE

UNIT 1

LESSON 1 Electronic effect

LESSON 2 Reaction mechanism

LESSON 3 Aromaticity and Huckel’s rule

UNIT 2

LESSON 4 SN1 and SN2 reaction

LESSON 5 Neighbouring group participation

LESSON 6 Aromatic electrophilic substitution

UNIT 3

LESSON 7 Aromatic Nucleophilic substitution LESSON 8 Benzyne mechanism

LESSON 9 E1 and E2 elimination

UNIT 4

LESSON 10 Cahn Ingold Prelog rule-R and S notation

LESSON 11 Enantiomers and diastereomers

LESSON 12 Conformers of cyclohexane

UNIT 5

LESSON 13 Asymmetric synthesis

LESSON 14 Crams Rule-asymmetric synthesis

LESSON 15 Problems

COURSE NO. 20CH3017

Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

PREFACE

UNIT 1 Data Analysis

LESSON 1 Errors in chemical analysis - Mean, Median – Mode

LESSON 2 Accuracy and Precision Absolute and Relative Error

LESSON 3 Determinate errors and Indeterminate errors Improving accuracy of analysis LESSON 4 Mean, standard deviation absolute and relative errors

LESSON 5 Covariance and coefficient correlation significant figures LESSON 6 Q-test - Modern Instrumental Techniques

Unit 2. Analytical Chromatography

LESSON 7 Classification – techniques and applications in column,

LESSON 8 Ion exchange, Paper and Thin layer chromatography

LESSON 9 Gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography

LESSON 10 Principle Instrumentation and application.

Unit 3. Thermal Methods of Analysis LESSON 11 Thermal Characterization techniques Principle and applications LESSON 12 Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA)

LESSON 13 Differentials Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) LESSON 14 Thermo gravimetric Analysis (TGA)

LESSON 15 Thermometric titration - Theory – Instrumentation – Applications

Unit 4. Microscopy methods of Analysis LESSON 16 Atomic absorption Spectroscopy - Instrumentation – Applications

LESSON 17 X-ray Methods – Instrumentation –– Diffraction pattern –- Applications

LESSON 18 Crystal Tonograpy - Surface Characterization Techniques LESSON 19 SEM & TEM

Unit 5. Chemical analysis in Chemical Industries LESSON 20 Paint analysis & Glass Analysis LESSON 21 Paper and Pulp Analysis & Water analysis

LESSON 22 Food analysis & Body Fluid analysis

LESSON 23 Chemical Sensors

COURSE NO. 20CH3018

Chemistry of Non Transition Elements

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Unit I - Chemistry of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals:

Lesson 1 Periodic property, Synthesis of Crown ether and Cryptands,

Lesson 2 Application of Crown ethers in extraction of alkali and alkaline

Lesson 3 Compounds of Beryllium-Aqua and hydroxo complexes,

Lesson 4 Beryllium chloride, Carbonates, Carboxylates,

Lesson 5 Dimethylberyllium, Beryllium azide,

Unit II - Polymorphism and Allotropy:

Lesson 6 Allotropes of carbon-Fullerenes, Carbon nanotubes, Diamond,

Lesson 7 Graphite(synthesis, structure and applications); Allotropes of

Lesson 8 Phosphorus-Synthesis, Structure and Properties;

Lesson 9 Sulphur-Classification, Synthesis, Structure and Properties

Unit III - Chemistry of B and C Group Elements:

Lesson 10 Bonding, Preparation and Structure-Hydrides of boron,

Lesson 11 Oxoacids, Borates, Aminoboranes; Chemistry of Silicates;

Lesson 12 Organometallic Compounds of B, Al, Si, Sn, Pb, and Bi-Synthesis,

Unit IV - Chemistry of N,O, Halogen and Noble group Elements:

Lesson 13 Oxides and oxyacids of S, Se, Te and N Synthesis, Structures

Lesson 14 Interhalogens,Polyhalides, Pseudohalides- Synthesis

Lesson 15 Xenon compounds- Synthesis and Structure

Unit V - Compounds of Cluster, Cages, Chains and Rings:

Lesson 16 Hydroborane Clusters, Electron counting schemes: Effective

Lesson 17 Atomic Number (EAN) Rule – Wade–Mingos Rules, Styx numbers;

Lesson 18 P–S cages and P–O cages Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity;

Lesson 19 Phosphazenes and Poly Phosphazenes; Borazines and Poly

Lesson 20 Borazines; S-N polymer, Boron nitrides, Polysilanes, Silicones -

COURSE NO. 20CH3061

Entrepreneurship and Business Plan

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

PREFACE

UNIT 1

LESSON 1 BASIC CHEMICAL STANDARDS AND ANALYTICAL STANDARDS

LESSON 2 REFERENCE MATERIALS AND SECONDARY STANDARDS

LESSON 3 BIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STANDARDS

UNIT 2

LESSON 4 QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND PLAN

LESSON 5 CONTROLS OF INSPECTION

LESSON 6 CONTROL OF QUALITY RECORDS

UNIT 3

LESSON 7 TRAINING LABORATORY ACCREDITATION LESSON 8 PROFICIENCY TESTING SYSTEM

LESSON 9 CONFIDENTIALITY

UNIT 4

LESSON 10 BASICS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ITS THEORY

LESSON 11 ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT

LESSON 12 PROJECT MANAGEMENT

UNIT 5

LESSON 13 CONCEPT OF PROJECTS

LESSON 14 PROJECT REPORTS

LESSON 15 INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY BASED ORGANIZATION

COURSE NO. 20CH3004

Statistical Thermodynamics and Quantum Chemistry

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

PREFACE

UNIT 1 - Statistical Thermodynamics – I

LESSON 1 CONCEPTS OF PROBABILITY AND MAXWELL BOLTZMANN DISTRIBUTION

LESSON 2 BASIC DERIVATION – PROVE THAT β = 1/KT

LESSON 3 RELATIONSHIP ENTROPY AND THERMODYNAMIC PROBABILITY SYSTEMS

WITH DEGENERACY

LESSON 4 DEFINITIONS OF PARTITION FUNCTION – APPLICATIONS

LESSON 5 DERIVATIONS OF THERMODYNAMIC FUNCTIONS FROM PARTITION

FUNCTION

LESSON 6 ENTROPY FOR MONOATOMIC GASES – SACKUR – TETRODE EQUATION

LESSON 7 THE BOSE – EINSTEIN’S SYSTEM – BASIS DERIVATION – FERMI – DIRAC

SYSTEM – BASIC DERIVATION – NEGATIVE KELVIN TEMPERATURE

UNIT 2 - Statistical Thermodynamics – II

LESSON 8 HEAT CAPACITY OF SOLIDS – DEBYE AND EINSTEIN MODELS

LESSON 9 THERMODYNAMICS FUNCTIONS OF IDEAL GASES, TRANSLATIONAL,

VIBRATIONAL AND ROTATIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS

OF APPROXIMATION

LESSON 10 IRREVERSIBLE THERMODYNAMICS – THE STEADY – COUPLED FLOWS -

APPLICATION

LESSON 11 OVER POTENTIAL – DECOMPOSITION POTENTIAL

LESSON 12 ELECTRICAL DOUBLE LAYER AND ELECTRO KINETIC PHENOMENA

LESSON 13 STRUCTURE OF ELECTRICAL DOUBLE LAYER

LESSON 14 CAPACITY – E.K. PHENOMENOPN – STEAMING POTENTIAL

LESSON 15 ELECTRO DIALYSIS – THE DORN EFFECT

UNIT 3 – Introduction to Quantum Mechanics

LESSON 16 THE FAILURES OF CLASSICAL MECHANISM

LESSON 17 HEAT CAPACITIES – BLACK BODY RADIATION

LESSON 18 THE PHOTO ELECTRIC EFFECT – THE COMPTON EFFECT

LESSON 19 THE DIFFRACTION OF ELECTRONS

LESSON 20 WAVE PARTICLES DUALITY – dE BROGLIE EQUATION - PROBLEMS

LESSON 21 HYDROGEN SPECTRUM – UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE, PROBLEMS

LESSON 22 OPERATORS AND COMMUTATION RELATIONS -

LESSON 23 POSTULATES OF QUANTUM MECHANICS

COURSE NO. 20CH3004

UNIT 4 – QUANTUM CHEMISTRY OF ATOMS AND MOLECULES

LESSON 24 SCHRODINGER EQUATION - DERIVATION

LESSON 25 FREE PARTICLE, PARTICLE IN ONE DIMENSIONAL BOX

LESSON 26 THREE DIMENSIONAL BOX

LESSON 27 HARMONIC OSCILLATOR

LESSON 28 RIGID ROTOR

LESSON 29 THE SCHORODINGER EQUATION FOR HYDROGEN ATOM

LESSON 30 ANGULAR MOMENTUM – SPIN, COUPLING OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM

LESSON 31 SPIN – ORBIT COUPLING

LESSON 32 VARIATION AND PERTURBATION THEORY

LESSON 33 APPLICATION OF PERTURBATION / VARIATION THEOREMS TO GROUND

STATE OF HELIUM ATOM

UNIT 5 – QUANTUM CHEMISTRY OF BONDING

LESSON 34 ANTISYMMETRY AND PAULI’S EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE

LESSON 35 AUFBAU PRINCIPLE

LESSON 36 SLATER DETRIMENTAL WAVE FUNCTIONS

LESSON 37 TERM SYMBOLS AND SPECTROSCOPIC STATES

LESSON 38 BORN OPPENHEIMER APPROXIMATION

LESSON 39 LINEAR COMBINATION OF ATOMIC ORBITALS (LCAO), MO AND VB

TREATMENTS OF HYDROGEN MOLECULE

LESSON 40 HYBRIDIZATION

LESSON 41 HUCKEL THEORY OF LINEAR CONJUGATED SYSTEMS – ETHYLENE,

BUTADIENE

LESSON 42 CYCLIC SYSTEMS - CYCLOBUTANE

LESSON 43 WOOD-WARD HOFFMAN RULES

COURSE NO. 20CH3005

COORDINATION CHEMISTRY OF TRANSITION ELEMENTS

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

PREFACE

UNIT 1 ELECTRONIC AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES

LESSON 1 TERM SYMBOLS, TERMS GENERATED IN LIGAND FIELDS,

LESSON 2 ORGEL AND TANABE SUGANO DIAGRAM, JAHN-TELLER EFFECT,

CT SPECTRA

LESSON 3 MAGNETIC MOMENT , MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY, QUENCHING

UNIT 2 ISOMERISM AND STABILITY OF COORDINATION COMPLEXES

LESSON 4 STRUCTURAL ISOMERISM – STEREOISOMERISM, COTTON EFFECT

LESSON 5 STEPWISEAND OVERALL STABILITY CONSTANT - IRWING WILLIAM SERIES

LESSON 6 FACTORS AFFECTING THE STABILITY CONSTANT, DETERMINATION OF

STABILITY CONSTANT

UNIT 3 SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS IN COORDINATION COMPLEXES

LESSON 7 LABILE AND INERT COMPLEXES - SUBSTITUTION IN OCTAHEDRAL

LESSON 8 SN1, SN2 AND SN1(CB) MECHANISM, ISOMERIZATION REACTIONS

LESSON 9 SUBSTITUTION IN SQUARE PLANAR COMPLEXES, TRANS EFFECT

UNIT 4 SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS IN COORDINATION COMPLEXES

LESSON 10 ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS IN COORDINATION COMPLEXES

LESSON 11 OUTER SPHERE ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTION - MARCUS THEORY

LESSON 12 INNERSPHERE REACTIONS ––NATURE OF BRIDGING LIGAND

UNIT 5 COMPOUNDS WITH METAL-METAL MULTIPLE BONDS

LESSON 13 THE ORIGIN OF σ, π, AND δ INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE d ORBITALS

ELECTRONIC SPECTRA

LESSON 14 TETRACARBOXYLATE COMPLEXES OF MOLYBDENUM, TUNGSTEN,

RHODIUM AND RHENIUM COMPLEXES

LESSON 15 HALOGEN COMPLEXES OF MOLYBDENUM, TUNGSTEN, RHODIUM AND

RHENIUM COMPLEXES

COURSE NO. 20CH3006

1

Principles of Molecular Spectroscopy

CONTENTS

Syllabus

UNIT 1 Electronic and Rotational Spectroscopy

Lesson 1 Molecular spectroscopy

Lesson 2 Electro-magnetic radiation

Lesson 3 Electromagnetic Spectrum

Lesson 4 Franck-Condon Principle

Lesson 5 Electronic Spectroscopy

Lesson 6 Rotational Spectroscopy

UNIT 2 Vibration and Raman spectroscopy

Lesson 7 Simple Harmonic oscillator

Lesson 8 Anharmonic (Morse) oscillator

Lesson 9 Vibrational Spectrum of Diatomic Molecules

Lesson 10 Infrared spectroscopy of of Polyatomic Molecules

Lesson 11 Factors influencing vibrational frequencies

Lesson 12 Raman Spectroscopy

Lesson 13 Mutual exclusion principle

UNIT 3 NMR and ESR spectrometry

Lesson 14 NMR spectroscopy- introduction

Lesson 15 Larmor frequency

Lesson 16 Chemical Shift

Lesson 17 ESR (EPR) Spectroscopy

UNIT 4 Mossbauer and Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Lesson 18 Mossbauer spectroscopy- introduction

Lesson 19 Isomer Shift

Lesson 20 Quadrupole Splitting

Lesson 21 Photoelectron Spectroscopy (PES)

UNIT 5 Fluorescence spectroscopy

Lesson 22 Fluorescence spectroscopy- introduction

Lesson 23 Jablonski diagram

COURSE NO. 20CH3006

2

Lesson 25 Quantum Yield

Lesson 26 Fluorescence Quenching

Lesson 27 Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)

COURSE NO. 20CH3007

Synthetic Reagents and Methodology

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

PREFACE

UNIT 1 ORGANOMETALLICS IN COUPLING REACTIONS

LESSON 1 COUPLING REACTIONS

LESSON 2 OXIDATIVE ADDITION

LESSON 3 NAMING REACTIONS

UNIT 2 REAGENTS FOR OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

LESSON 4 REAGENTS FOR OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

LESSON 5 REDUCING AGENTS

LESSON 6 NAMING REACTIONS BASED ON OXIDATIONA ND

REDUCTION

UNIT 3 MODERN SYNTHETIC REAGENTS AND

MULTICOMPONENT REACTION

LESSON 7 SYNTHETIC REAGENTS

LESSON 8 NAMING REACTIONS

UNIT 4 MOLECULAR REARRANGEMENT

LESSON 9 INTRODUCTION AND TYPES OF

REARRANGEMENTS

LESSON 10 CARBOCATION INDUCED ALKYL AND HYDRIDE SHIFT

LESSON 11 NUCELOPHILIC REARRANGEMENTS TO CARBON

UNIT 5 RETEROSYNTHESIS THE DISCONNETION

APPROACH

LESSON 12 TERMINOLOGIES IN RETEROSYNTHESIS

LESSON 13 ONE GROUP AND TWO GROUP DISCONNECTION

LESSON 14 PROTECTING GROUPS AND CYCLISATION

COURSE NO. 20CH3017

Nuclear Chemsitry and Solid State Chemistry

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

PREFACE

UNIT 1 Nuclear Chemistry - I

LESSON 1 Nuclear Stability – Nuclear Fission – Nuclear Fusion

LESSON 2 Nuclear models – Shell model – Liquid drop model

LESSON 3 The tunnel effect - Beta decay – Types of beta decay

LESSON 4 Elastic and inelastic scattering –Cross section - Q value – Transuraniens

LESSON 5 Radioactive capture - Evaporation and spallation

LESSON 6 Buckshot hypothesis - Thermonuclear reactions

Unit 2. Nuclear Chemistry - II

LESSON 7 Breeder reactor – Counting techniques: G.M., Ionization and Proportional counter

LESSON 8 Esterification – Friedal Craft’s reaction - Solubility of sparingly soluble substance

LESSON 9 Carbon dating – Thyroiditis - Assessing the volume of blood in a patient

LESSON 10 Optimum use of fertilizers - Control of predatory insects

Unit 3. Solid State Chemistry – I

LESSON 11 Conductivity in ionic solids - Band theory of solids -metals and their properties

LESSON 12 Hall effect; thermoelectric effects (Thomson, Peltier and Seebeck); insulators

LESSON 13 Superconductivity - Magnetic properties: Dia, para, ferro, ferri, magnetic types

LESSON 14 spinels, garnets and perovskites, hexaferrites

LESSON 15 transition metal compounds; magnetoresistance.

Unit 4. Solid State Chemistry – II

LESSON 16 Preparative methods: Solid state reactions, Chemical Precursor methods

LESSON 17 ion exchange reactions, intercalation/deintercalation reactions

LESSON 18 Types of solid-state reactions - Powder x-ray diffraction

LESSON 19 Systematic absences, Structure factor

Unit 5. Nanomaterials and Coordination Polymers

LESSON 20 Nanomaterials – Classification based on dimension - Types – synthesis

LESSON 21 Top down – High energy Ball milling – microfabrication

LESSON 22 Characterization of nanomaterials – Introduction to XRD, SEM and TEM

LESSON 23 Applications – Coordination polymers – classification - examples-Applications

17VE 3002 VALUE EDUCATION

Contents

AC.NO TOPIC ACTIVITY

1 Global & currents issues in India To help students as global citizens through Library

research, group discussions

2. Exposure visit

To make the students understand, realize and to take part

in the needs, problems, and other challenges of People

living near to them through an Exposure trip (Field Visit)

3.

Study about inventions &

innovations in their study

programs

Paper presentations

4. Identifying life mission To help the students to identify their life mission through

Individual projects

5. life mission and personal

challenges

To help the students to face the personal challenges in

their life mission through group activities

6. Balancing work and family To help the students to maintain a proper work life balance

through Debates

7. Emotional stability To help the students to maintain the emotional stability

through Case studies, Work sheets

8. Accountability To stress the importance of accountability through work

sheets

9. Healthy relationships To understand the importance of healthy relationships

through poster presentations

10. love, sex, marriage To help the students to maintain purity through group

discussions & activities

11. servant leadership To emphasize the importance of servant leadership through

role plays

12. loyalty towards nation To create loyal students for the nation through social

videos & motivational talk