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Context-aware mobile application model and determination of its role
in information systems
Rok Rupnik, Ph.D.
University of LjubljanaFaculty of Computer and Information Science
2
Overview
• Information Socitey and Mobile Applications (MA)
• Mobile Device and MA• Context and Context-Aware MA model• The Role of MA in Information System (IS)• MA Development Methodologies• Conclusions
3
Information Society
• MA are the Consequence of the Convergence Between IT and TK
• Some Information Society Characteristics point to the Importance of MA
• MA are the result and the Demand of Information Society
• European IST Projects Indicate the Importance of MA
4
Important Technologies
• GPRS– Enables on-line Connectivity
– Represents an Important Step for Interconnection of Mobile Networks and the Internet
• UMTS– Enables High Bandwidth
– Enables VPN and VHE
• Bluetooth– de facto standard for Wireless COmmunication
Between Digital Devices
• WLAN
5
Mobile Device
• Connects to the Internet over Wireless Network
• MA is Run on Mobile Device in multi-tier Architecture
• Does not Connect to the Internet over other Device
• Does not Emulate other OS Enviroment
• Mobile Devices Have Limitations
6
Mobile Application
• MA is Run on Mobile Device• The Scope of MA is to Enalbe Mobility Adpated
and Mobility Suitable Services• The Comparison of MA with Other Kind of
Applications is Unjustified
7
MA – New Application Model
• The Distinct Characteristics of MA Model are Determined by the Functions of Applications
• Input is Critical
8
New Functions of MA
• Messaging: Enables the Information Broadcasting Support in the State of Mobility
• Important Component of Messaging:– Function for Determination of Content
– Function for Determination of Triggering Moment
9
New Functions of MA (2)
• Confirming: to Offer a Context-dependant Default
• Confirming vs. Selecting
10
Context
• Classical Applications are Used in a Stable Environment
• Mobile User is not Always in a Stable Environment
• Schilit and Dey Focus on the Context of Situation and the Context of Technological Descriptions
• Those Context Definitions do not Cover the Informational Needs
11
Context (2)
• Context is Complete Information on:– The situation a mobile user is currently involved in:
context of situation which is defined by the user’s location, social situation and physical environment
– Informational needs of a mobile user which are determined by information systems’ informational needs: context of informational needs
– Technical descriptions which carry the information about the places where the user is usually present at, the information about the technical characteristics of the users’ mobile device and the information on the current state of the wireless network: context of technical descriptions
12
Context-Aware MA
• Context Determines the Content and the Triggering Moment
• Information System can Delegate Simple Tasks to the Mobile Users as Well
13
Context-awaremobile application
Context ofsituation
Context
Context ofinformational
needs
Context oftechnical
descriptions
n
n
is affected by
influences
is limittedby
n
n
n
n
Informationsystem
1
n
determines
Triggeringmoment
n
1
1
n
causes thetriggering of
Triggeringrule
determines
1
n
Meta Model of Context-Aware MA
14
Three MA Models
• Classical MA Model• Context-Aware MA Model• Distributed Context-Aware Model
15
The Role of MA in IS
• The Use of MA in IS is Justified
• It Increases the Reach and Range of IS
Range
Reach
Functionality
Standardapplications
Webapplications
Mobileapplications
16
The Organisational View of Information Support
Businesssystem
(Organization)
Organizationalunit
Organizationalrole
Person(Actor)
1..n
n
1
1..n
1
1
1..n 1..n
is granted to
is composed of
exists in
is composed of
User
Non-mobile user
Mobile user
demands only
0..n
1..n
0..n
1..n
allows
Application
uses
Legend
Classical mobileapplication
model
Context-awaremobile
applicationmodel
ActivityMobile
application
Mobikeapplication
Mobileapplication
Mobileapplication
must beinformedabout theresult of
1..n
1..n
1..n
1..n
1..n1..n
must confirmthecorrectness ofthe result of
controls
performs
17
The Process View of Information Support
Legend
Businessprocess
Activity
Condition
Transition
EventElementary
functionBusinessfunction
n
1..n
1..n
1
is composedof
{ordered}
1..nn
n
from
to
1..n
n
is executed as part of
informs about
controls
sets
0..1
0..1
1..n
1..n
initiates
1..n
1..n
1..n
Mobileapplication
can beconfirmed byinformes about
0..1 0..1
1..n 1..n
Mobileapplication
includes
0..1
1..n
Application
Mobileapplication
enablesinformationsupport of
0..1n
0..1
consistsof
1..n1..n
Mobileapplication
1..n
0..1
can beconfirmedby
Location
Locationdependant
activity
Locationindependant
activityn
1
1..n
is executed on
Classical mobileapplication
model
Context-awaremobile
applicationmodel
Mobileapplication
n
0..1
enablesinformationsupport of
18
MA and Decision Support
• The use of MA Means Better Structured Decision Support
• MA are Important, Because Decision Makers are Often Away
• The Use of MA in:– Operational Level of DS
– Tactical Level of DS
– Strategic Level of DS
19
Methodologies of MA Development• Several Authors Have Stated that
Development Methodologies Have to be Suited for MA
• The Directions of Research:– MA in the Context of IS as a Whole
– New Elements at Development: new Activities and tasks
– New Diagraming Techniques or Adaption of Existing Techniques
20
The Approach for MA Development
Analiza
Načrtovanje
Izvedba
Izdelava podatkovnega infunkcionalnega modela
Opredelitev potrebkonteksta in pravil zapošiljanje oz. proženje
Načrtovanje modulov inpodatkov
Načrtovanje konteksta inpravil za pošiljanje oz.
proženje
Implementacija MA
MOBILNAAPLIKACIJA
RA
ZŠ
IRJE
NR
EP
OZ
ITO
RIJ
kontrolni tok
podatkovni tok
Procesnimodel uporabe
MA
Organizacijskimodel uporabe
MA
AKTIVNOSTI PRISTOPA ZA RAZVOJ MOBILNIH APLIKACIJ
IDENTIFIKACIJA IN OPREDELJEVANJE POTREB PO MOBILNOSTI
RAZVOJ MOBILNE APLIKACIJE
Opredelitev procesnega inorganizacijskega modela uporabe
mobilnih aplikacij
PO
TR
EB
E O
RG
AN
IZA
CIJ
E
Analiza obstoječih aplikacijklasične zvrsti in določitevpotrebnih mobilnih aplikacij
Identifikacija poslovnih procesov spotrebo informacijske podpore v stanju
mobilnosti
Iden
tifi
kaci
ja n
ovi
h m
ožn
ost
i, k
i ji
ho
mo
go
čajo
mo
bil
ne
apli
kaci
je
Pro
cesn
ivi
dik
Org
aniz
acij
ski
vid
ik
21
Process and Organisational Model of MA Use
Legenda
dog.1
Sklopaktivnosti A
dog.2
Sklopaktivnosti B
Aktivnost Cvloga 1
vloga 2
Mobilnaaplikacija 2
Mobilnaaplikacija 1
vloga 3
Obveščanje
Potrjevanje
Pregledovanje
Zagon aplikacije
Klasičen modelmobilne aplikacije
Model kontekstnoodvisne mobilne
aplikacije
Mobilnaaplikacija 3
vloga 4
Mobilnaaplikacija 4
Pogoj
22
Analisys of Existing Applications and Determination of New Applications
Mobilnaaplikacija 1
Aplikacija 1
Funkcionalnost
Aplikacija 2 Aplikacija 3
Mobilnaaplikacija 3
Mobilnaaplikacija 2
Funkcionalnost Funkcionalnost
Funkcionalnost
Mobilnaaplikacija 4
Mobilnaaplikacija 5
23
Context Determination and Determination of Triggering Rules
Primer uporabe -funkcionalnost
<<lokacija>>
<<fizične razmere v okolju>>
<<socialna situacija>>
<<pZp lokacija>>
<<PzP fizične razmere v okolju>>
<<PzP socialna situacija>>
Mobilni uporabnik
<<potreba>><<PzP potreba>>
24
Context Determination and Determination of Triggering Rules(2)
<<lokacija>>
<<context>>Razred
Atribut1Atribut2
Proži
Metoda1Metoda2Metoda3
<<context>>Razred
Atribut1Atribut2
L, P - Proži
FR - Metoda1L - Metoda2
Legenda:
SS - socialna situacijaL - lokacijaFR - fizične razmere v okolju
P - potrebe (IS)
25
Conclusions
• MA represents New, Distinct Application Model• Context is New Category Introduced to IS• Context of Informational Needs is the Most
Important and Can be Determined• The Introduction of MA to IS brings New
Possibilities• The Introduction of MA to IS means the
Expansion of IS Borders• MA Bring Changes to IS Development
Methodologies
26
At the End….
• Keynes (1925): The difficulty lies, not in the new ideas, but in escaping from the old ones, which ramify, for those brought up as most of us have been, into every corner of our minds