Continuing Education for Journalists in South Africa

Prof. John V. Pavlik, Ph.D.

Director, Journalism Resources Institute

Chair, Department of Journalism and

Media Studies, SCILS, Rutgers

jpavlik@rutgers.edu

About JRI

Founded by Jerome Aumente in 1981 Outreach arm of journalism program linking the

classroom to the newsroom Workshops for journalists International projects in many parts of the world,

including Poland, Bosnia, Russia and now South Africa

Founded the GSSPA Research on various topics, including ethnic and

immigrant news media of NJ and NJ Journalist continuing education in South Africa

South Africa Project

Building on Rutgers tradition in South Africa Based on history of continuing education for

journalists at JRI and international outreach Catalyst: Rutgers visit by Charlayne Hunter-

Gault, CNN Johannesberg Bureau Chief

Continuing Education for SA Journalists

Initial focus on SA but eventually hope to extend to other parts of Africa

Start with science, health and technology, move on to other subjects

Science, health and technology research has been a research strength of SA, from at least 1967 when Professor Christiaan Barnard performed the  first human heart transplant on the third of December 1967 in the Groote Schuur Hospital , Cape Town.

SALT

Southern African Large Telescope Largest Single telescope in the southern

hemisphere, “with a hexagonal mirror array 11 metres across.”

Located outside Cape Town near Sutherland Rutgers is largest of more than a dozen

international partners in SALT

SALT

Clifford Nxomani is head of collateral benefits for SALT

Hosted our July 2004 visit to Cape Town and SALT, workshop for SA two dozen journalists, scientists and public officials

SALT web cam: http://www.salt.ac.za/content/webcam/default.htm

Cape Town (photos taken with my cellphone)

SALT

With Dr. Nxomani and Co.

On the Way to Grahamstown(Rhodes University)

Durban

Jo’burg

About the Journalism Workshop Tools

– News/Information Gathering (Reporting)– Editing/Production– Storytelling– Analysis, Interpretation and Synthesis – Numerical Competence– New Media Literacy

Context– Media Judgment– Ethics– Law– History– Cultural Breadth– Civic Knowledge

First Online Group Created for Science Journalists in SA

Newsgathering Tools

Miniature digital cameras/cell phone cameras/PDAs

Satellite phones Audio acquisition Computational Cameras Remote Sensing Incorporating data into media visualizations

Miniature, Digital Cameras

Megapixel (8.3 Megapixel in 2004=35mm Film resolution)

MPEG, MPEG-2 A/V Small file size Night vision/infrared,

holographic autofocus Full range of manual settings,

built-in flash Used in reporting war in

Balkans, Drazen Pantic

Satellite Phones

Computer, camera/mic and sat phone

Report from anywhere, anytime on planet– Bob Martin used these tools to

report from Afghanistan – Photo: Marilyn Painter,

nytimes.com 1/31/02

Digital Audio Capture with Speech Recognition

Memory Stick® Digital Voice Recorder with Dragon Naturally Speaking™ Software

Computational Cameras, Prof. Shree Nayar

360-degree Cameras

360 photo of Dealey plaza, site of Kennedy assassination

Inside Diallo Vestibule

Fullview (www.fullview.com)

Vic Nalwa High resolution, full motion system Uses multiple cameras aimed at multiple flat mirrors

Cyclops

Dynamic Range Imaging

http://www.cs.columbia.edu/CAVE/

Remote Sensing Satellite Imaging– What is it? Its origins?

– End of Cold War: Access to denied areas Covering disasters (e.g., California fall 2003 brushfires),

environmental stories, military conflicts– Leading sources: Space Imaging (www.spaceimaging.com)

DigitalGlobe (www.digitalglobe.com); see also www.gizmorama.com)

– Shutter control: First Amendment battleground Alternative government censorship strategy: spending millions of dollars to

buy exclusive rights to satellite images, a strategy invoked during the fall of 2001

These two satellite images taken from 422 miles above the Earth depict the same area of Mozambique before and after the country’s civil war. On the left is 1973, on the right 1985. The photos clearly show a significant loss of vegetation and man-made infrastructure,

a casualty of the destructive war. Such satellite imagery is increasingly used in news media reporting about developments on

the Earth, from the effects of war to environmental change.

1973 1985

Spy-plane, Hainan Island: one-meter resolution

Space Imaging: U.S. Navy EP-3 "Aries II" sits on runway at Lingshui Military Airfield, Hainan Island, South China Sea. Space Imaging's IKONOS satellite collected this one-meter, color image 10:12 am April 4, 2001 local time.

Incorporating Data into News Visualizations

News using topographic data to create accurate visualizations, 3D extrusions, merging with real-time weather data– CBS News Case of Mt. Everest

Artist rendered vs. data-generated

– Afghanistan, Tora Bora, and Osama Bin Laden

– NYTimes and Trump Tower near UN– NASA asteroid animation

Ethics: Image Manipulation Seeing is not believing

– National G. pyramids: Feb., 1982

– Time: June 27, 1994– Nov. 2000: Bill Clinton and

Fidel Castro did meet in New York

Altered images/video: Addition, Subtraction, Composite, Synthetic images, video, audio

Labeling content, maintaining standards of truth, accuracy, fairness

Managing Virtual Newsroom

The Mobile Journalist Workstation– Laptop computer– Hand-held computer– Mobile e-mail-digital cellular– High-speed wireless Internet – GPS/GIS (geographic information systems)– Acquisition devices– www.cs.columbia.edu/graphics

Online/external hard-drives VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)/Instant Messaging

Managing Virtual Newsroom

Security in an online world Syndication Strong encryption

– Digital watermarking, www.ctr.columbia.edu/sari

– Protecting copyright, authenticating content, restorative

– Encrypting email via www.pgpi.org (Diffie-Hellman public key cryptography)

Global Positioning System GPS for time, date,

longitude, latitude and altitude stamp

Protecting copyright Authenticating

photos and video

Integrated Systems

Augmented Reality Situated Documentaries (tomorrow’s

lecture) Mobility; PDA’s now in use in newsrooms,

including NewsMate (e.g., being used in European radio news coverage)

Mobile Augmented Reality:The Situated Documentary

Freedom of Press AJ Liebling: freedom of the press is

guaranteed only to those who own one. Digital press brings responsibility (

www.ojr.org).