• Continuous Availability

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Disaster recovery History

1 With the rapid growth of the Internet through the late 1990s and into the 2000s,

organizations of all sizes became further dependent on the continuous availability of their IT systems, with many organizations

setting an objective of 99.999% availability of critical systems

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Galileo (satellite navigation) - Services

1 Continuous availability even if other services are disabled in time of crisis; Government

agencies will be main users.

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Disk mirroring

1 In data storage, disk mirroring is the replication of logical disk volumes onto

separate physical hard disks in real time to ensure continuous availability. It is most

commonly used in RAID 1. A mirrored volume is a complete logical representation of

separate volume copies.

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IBM Information Management System - High Availability Large Databases (HALDBs)

1 IMS V7 introduced HALDBs, an extension of IMS full function databases to provide better

availability, better handling of extremely large data volumes, and, with IMS V9, online reorganization to support continuous

availability. (Third party tools exclusively provided online reorganization prior to IMS

V9.) A HALDB can store in excess of 40 terabytes of data.

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Safety engineering - Safety and reliability

1 Some systems can never be made fail safe, as continuous availability is needed

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Information Management System - High Availability Large Databases (HALDBs)

1 * IMS V7 introduced HALDBs, an extension of IMS full function databases to provide better

availability, better handling of extremely large data volumes, and, with IMS V9, online reorganization to support continuous

availability

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Network virtualization - Combined internal and external network virtualization

1 [ http://www.2x.com 2X Software] is unique in its approach of delivering virtual desktop’s and applications from a central location,

providing continuous availability, resource-based load balancing and complete end-to-

end network transparency for administrators.

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IBM DB2 - History

1 A DB2 pureScale system can grow to 128 database servers, and provides continuous availability and automatic load balancing.

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Floppy disk - Use in the early 21st century

1 This may not be replaced due to cost or requirement for continuous availability;

existing software emulation and virtualization do not solve this problem because no

operating system is present or a customized operating system is used that has no drivers

for USB devices

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Critical Infrastructure Protection - DoD special functions

1 Information Assurance, or IA, is the component of Information Operations that

assures DoD's operational readiness by providing for the continuous availability and

reliability of information systems and networks

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High availability - Scheduled and unscheduled downtime

1 Systems that exhibit truly continuous availability are comparatively rare and higher priced, and most have carefully implemented

specialty designs that eliminate any single point of failure and allow online hardware,

network, operating system, middleware, and application upgrades, patches, and

replacements

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Fail-over

1 Systems designers usually provide failover capability in servers, systems or networks

requiring continuous availability -- the used term is High Availability -- and a high degree

of Reliability engineering|reliability.

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Kerberos (protocol) - Drawbacks and Limitations

1 * Single point of failure: It requires continuous availability of a central server. When the

Kerberos server is down, no one can log in. This can be mitigated by using multiple

Kerberos servers and fallback authentication mechanisms.

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IBM SAN Volume Controller - Architecture

1 Finally, spreading an SVC installation across two or more sites (stretched clustering)

enables basic disaster protection paired with continuous availability.

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IBM Parallel Sysplex - Geographically Dispersed Parallel Sysplex

1 * GDPS/Active-Active: It is a disaster recovery / continuous availability solution, based on two or more sites, separated by

unlimited distances, running the same applications and having the same data to

provide cross-site workload balancing.

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Fannie Mae - The mortgage crisis from late 2007

1 and the continuous availability of mortgage credit under a wide range of economic conditions

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AVST - Corporate history

1 In March 2009, AVST shipped CallXpress 8.0 to provide a fault tolerant system through its multi-server architecture. The solution also delivered Neverfail Continuous Availability|continuous availability and disaster recovery

deployment options.

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Global Mirror

1 Global Mirror can be combined with a wide area network clustering product like IBM Parallel Sysplex#Geographically Dispersed Parallel

Sysplex|Geographically Dispersed Parallel Sysplex (GDPS), HACMP/XD, or IBM TotalStorage

Continuous Availability for Windows to provide for automated failover between sites. This

combined solution provides lower recovery time objective (RTO), because it allows most

applications to automatically resume productive operation in 30–600 seconds.

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Axalp Air Show - Air policing

1 Despite the persistent lack of continuous availability of armed fighter jets for the entire

year, the Swiss Air Force regularly conducts the air policing

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