contoh

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5) COST CALCULATION

Generally, capital cost estimating has five classifications:

1. Order of magnitude Estimate also known as Ratio or Feasiility

!. "tudy Estimate, also known as #a$or e%uipment or Factored

&. 'reliminary (esign Estimate, also known as "cope

). (efinitive Estimate, also known as 'ro$ect *ontrol

+. (etailed Estimate, also known as Firm or *ontractors

-his five classifications roughly correspond to the five classes of estimate defined in

the *E Recommended 'ractice /o. 10R203)4. -his part will discuss on

'reliminary (esign Estimate which is *lass &. For the cost estimation of a chemical

plant, a *lass & estimate is typically 5167 to )67 accurate. -his means y doing

such an estimate, the true cost of uilding the plant would likely e in the range of

6.1 higher than and 6.) lower than the estimated price. 8f greater accuracy is

re%uired in the capital cost estimate, then more money and time must e e9pended

in conducting the estimate.

A. Estimation Of Purchased Equipment Costs

-he purchased cost and an attriute of the e%uipment are the most common simple

relationship related to units of capacity and it is given y

C a

C b=( A a Ab )

n

here: ; E%uipment cost attriute

* ; 'urchased cost

/ ; *ost e9ponent

"uscripts: a refers to e%uipment with the re%uired attriute

b

refers to e%uipment with the ase attriute

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. Effect of Time on Purchased Equipment Cost

-he cost of e%uipment is depend on past records or pulished correlations for price

information, it is essential to e ale to update these costs to take into account

changing economic conditions <inflation=. -his can e achieved y using the

following e9pression:

C 2=C

1( I 2 I 1)

here: *; 'urchased cost

8 ;*ost 8nde9

"uscripts: 1 refers to ase time when cost is known

! refers to time when cost is desired

C. Ca!cu!ation for Cost of Equipments

log10C po= K 1+ K 2log10 A+ K 3( log10 A )

2

-he value of >1, >!, and >& can e otained from -ale .1 and is the capacity of

the e%uipment.

F BM =B

1+B

2 F M F P

?1 and ?! can e otained from -ale .)

F# can e otained y referring the -ale .& for the identification numer for the

material and then refer the material factor at Figure .@

F' can e otained y two methods which are

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&. For process vessel,

850−0.6 ( P+1 )¿

+0.003152¿

( P+1 ) D¿

F P ,vessel=¿

). For other e%uipment

log10 F P=C 1+C 2 log10 P+C 3(log10 P)2

Aalue of *1, *!, and *& can e otained from the -ale .! and ' is the unit pressure

of ar gauge or arg.

C BM =C Po F BM

". Samp!e of Ca!cu!ation

I. Ca!cu!ation for #eat E$chan%er&

• "tep 1 <*haracteristic=

i. E&61 ; B!.B m! Floating Cead ""shell D ""tueii. E&6! ; @6.1 m! Floating Cead ""shell D ""tueiii. E&6& ; +)B m! Floating Cead ""shell D ""tueiv. E&6) ; 1+B0 m! Fi9ed Cead *"shell D *"tuev. E&6+ ; &)@ m! Floating Cead *"shell D *"tue

vi. E&6B ; +0.@ m! Fi9ed Cead *"shell D *"tuevii. E&60 ; +).B m! Floating Cead *"shell D *"tueviii. E&6@ ; !!.B m! Fi9ed Cead *"shell D *"tue

i9. E&62 ; 10.+ m! Floating Cead *"shell D *"tue

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• "tep ! <Find > from -ale .1=

For CE with Floating Cead:

>1 ; ).@&6B

>! ; 6.@+62

>& ; 6.&1@0

For CE with Fi9ed Cead:

>1 ; ).&!)0

>! ; 6.&6&6

>& ; 6.1B&)

• "tep & <Find *p=


2

i. E&61, *p ; !1,)60ii. E&6!, *p ; !&,!1!iii. E&6&, *p ; 00,)22iv. E&6), *p ; 16+,@)!v. E&6+, *p ; +&,!21

vi. E&6B, *p ; 12,@B+vii. E&60, *p ; !6,B1Bviii. E&6@, *p ; 1B,&B2i9. E&62, *p ; 1@,)!!

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• "tep ) <Find F# from -ale .&=

For ""shell D ""tue Ceat E9changer: 8dentification numer ; +, F# ; !.0

For *"shell D *"tue Ceat E9changer: 8dentification numer ; 1, F# ; 1

• "tep + <Find ?1 and ?! from -ale .)=

For all Ceat E9changer:

?1 ; 1.B&

?! ; 1.BB

• "tep B <Find * from -ale .!=

For E&61 to E&6+,

*1 ; 6.6&@@1

*! ; 6.11!0

*& ; 6.6@1@&

For E&6B to E&62,

*1 ; 6

*! ; 6

*& ; 6

• "tep 0 <Find F'=


9. E&61, F' ; 1.6@9i. E&6!, F' ; 1.6@9ii. E&6&, F' ; 1.6@9iii. E&6), F' ; 1.6@

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9iv. E&6+, F' ; 1.6@9v. E&6B, F' ; 1

9vi. E&60, F' ; 19vii. E&6@, F' ; 19viii. E&62, F' ; 1

• "tep @ <Find *?# in !661=

C BM (2001)=C Po (B1+B2 F P F M )

i. E&61, *?# ; 1&@,+1+

ii. E&6!, *?# ; 1+6,12+iii. E&6&, *?# ; +61,)B!iv. E&6), *?# ; &B!,!0Bv. E&6+, *?# ; 1@!,)6)

vi. E&6B, *?# ; B+,&+Bvii. E&60, *?# ; B0,@!0viii. E&6@, *?# ; +&,@+)i9. E&62, *?# ; B6,B6@

•

"tep 2 <Find *?# in !61)=C BM (2014 )=C BM (2001 )

I 2014

I 2001=C BM (2001 ) 576.1

394

i. E&61, *?# ; !6!,+&)ii. E&6!, *?# ; !1@,626iii. E&6&, *?# ; 0&&,!!2iv. E&6), *?# ; +!2,01)v. E&6+, *?# ; !BB,06@

vi. E&6B, *?# ; 2+,+B!vii. E&60, *?# ; 22,10+viii. E&6@, *?# ; 0@,0))i9. E&62, *?# ; @@,B!6

II. Ca!cu!ation for 'urnace


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C&61 - ; &)1.+ * ""tues


>1 ; 0.&)@@

>! ; 1.1BBB

>& ; 6.!6!@



2

C&61, *p ; @&),2!2

•

"tep ) <Find * from -ale .!=

*1 ; 6.1&)0

*! ; 6.!&B@

*& ; 6.16!1

•

"tep + <Find F'=log10 F P=C 1+C 2 log10 P+C 3(log10 P)2

C&61, F' ; 1

• "tep B <Find F-=

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∆T ¿¿

F T =1+0.00184(∆T )−0.00000335 ¿

C&61, F- ; 1.!)

• "tep 0 <Find F?# from -ale .=

For ""tue Furnace: 8dentification numer ; ++, F?# ; !.@

• "tep @ <Find *?# in !661=

C BM (2001)=C Po F P F T F BM ¿

C&61, *?# ; !,@2@,@0&

• "tep 2 <Find *?# in !61)=

C BM (2014 )=C BM (2001 ) I

2014

I 2001=C BM (2001 )

576.1

394

C&61, *?# ; ),!&@,B@!

III. Ca!cu!ation for Pump&


i. '&61 (isplacement *aron "teel ctual 'ower ; 1+ kii. '&6! *entrifugal *aron "teel ctual 'ower ; 1 kiii. '&6& *entrifugal *aron "teel ctual 'ower ; 1 kiv. '&6) *entrifugal *aron "teel ctual 'ower ; 1.) kv. '&6+ (isplacement *aron "teel ctual 'ower ; !.0 k

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For '&61 and '&6+:

>1 ; &.)001

>! ; 6.1&+6

>& ; 6.1)&@

• "tep & <Find *p=log10C p

o= K 1+ K 2log10 A+ K 3( log10 A )2

i. '&61, *p ; 0,@0&ii. '&6!, *p ; !,+61iii. '&6&, *p ; !,+61iv. '&6), *p ; !,+0@v. '&6+, *p ; &,2+1


For 'ositive (isplacement 'umps: 8dentification numer ; &!, F# ; 1.)

For *entrifugal 'umps: 8dentification numer ; &@, F# ; 1.+


For all 'umps:

?1 ; 1.@2

?! ; 1.&+

•"tep B <Find * from -ale .!=

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For '&61 and '&6+,

*1 ; 6.!)+&@!

*! ; 6.!+261B

*& ; 6.61&B&

For '&6!, '&6& and '&6),

*1 ; 6

*! ; 6

*& ; 6



i. '&61, F' ; 1.10ii. '&6!, F' ; 1

iii. '&6&, F' ; 1iv. '&6), F' ; 1.&1v. '&6+, F' ; 1.10

• "tep @ <Find *?# in !661=

C BM (2001)=C Po (B1+B2 F P F M )

i. E&61, *?# ; &!,!26ii. E&6!, *?# ; 2,021iii. E&6&, *?# ; 2,021iv. E&6), *?# ; 11,011v. E&6+, *?# ; 1B,!6)

• "tep 2 <Find *?# in !61)=

C BM (2014 )=C BM (2001 ) I

2014

I 2001=C BM (2001 ) 576.1

394

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i. E&61, *?# ; )0,!1)ii. E&6!, *?# ; 1),&1Biii. E&6&, *?# ; 1),&1Biv. E&6), *?# ; 10,1!)v. E&6+, *?# ; !&,B2&

I(. Ca!cu!ation for Toer&


i. -&61 *aron "teel )+ "" "ieve -ray Htray ; 6.)!

ii. -&6! *aron "teel 0B "" "ieve -ray Htray ; 6.)+


For -&61 and -&6!:

>1 ; &.)20)

>! ; 6.))@+

>& ; 6.160)

For "tainless "teel -ray:

>1 ; !.2212

>! ; 6.))B+

>& ; 6.&2B1

• "tep & <*alculate Aolume ; I(!J D ) and rea ; I(! D )=

i. -&61, Aolume ; B!.&1 m&

ii. -&6!, Aolume ; +1.1@ m&

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i. -ray -&61, rea ; !.!0 m!

ii. -ray -&6!, rea ; 1.00 m!

• "tep ) <Find *p=


2

i. -&61, *p ; )),)00

ii. -&6!, *p ; &0,@1)


i. -ray -&61, *p ; )),)00ii. -ray -&6!, *p ; &0,@1)

• "tep + <Find F# from -ale .&=

For *aron "teel -ower: 8dentification numer ; 1@, F# ; 1

• "tep B <Find ?1 and ?! from -ale .)=

For -&61 and -&6!:

?1 ; !.!+

?! ; 1.@!


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850−0.6 ( P+1 )¿

+0.003152 ¿

( P+1) D

¿ F P ,vessel=¿

i. -&61, F' ; 1.1)ii. -&6!, F' ; 1.6B

• "tep @ <Find F?# for -ray in -ale .B=

For "tainless "teel "ieve and Aalve -ray: 8dentification numer ; B1, F?# ; 1.@

• "tep 2 <Find F%=

For / K !6, F% ; 1

• "tep 16 <Find *?# in !661=

For tower, C BM (2001)=C Po (B1+B2 F P F M )

For tray, C BM (2001)=C Po N F BM F q

i. -&61, *?# ; 12!,&+)ii. -&6!, *?# ; 1+@,6&!


i. -ray -&61, *?# ; 1!@062ii. -ray -&6!, *?# ; 1@&,&1!

For total *?# <!661=,

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i. -&61, *?# ; &!1,6B&ii. -&6!, *?# ; &)1,&))

• "tep 11 <Find *?# in !61)=

C BM (2014 )=C BM (2001 ) I

2014

I 2001=C BM (2001 ) 576.1

394

i. -&61, *?# ; )B2,)+&ii. -&6!, *?# ; )22,160

(. Ca!cu!ation for *eactor&


i. R&61 "tainless "teel A ; !6 m& 'ressure ; !! ar ii. R&6! "tainless "teel A ; !+ m& 'ressure ; !! ariii. R&6& "tainless "teel A ; &6 m& 'ressure ; !! ar iv. R&6) "tainless "teel A ; 1.B0 m& 'ressure ; !! ar


For R&61, R&6!, R&6& and R&6):

>1 ; ).011B

>! ; 6.))02

>& ; 6.666)



2

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i. R&61, *p ; 120,!)Bii. R&6!, *p ; !1@,6&1iii. R&6&, *p ; !&B,B&&

iv. R&6), *p ; BB,&11

• "tep ) <Find F?# from -ale .&=

For Reactor, F?# ; )

• "tep + <Find *?# in !661=

C BM (2001)=C Po F BM

i. R&61, *?# ; 0@@,2@)ii. R&6!, *?# ; @0!,1!)iii. R&6&, *?# ; 2)B,+&!iv. R&6), *?# ; !B+,!))

• "tep B <Find *?# in !61)=

C BM (2014 )=C BM (2001 ) I

2014

I 2001=C BM (2001 ) 576.1

394

i. R&61, *?# ; 1,1+&,B&2ii. R&6!, *?# ; 1,!0+,!6+

iii. R&6&, *?# ; 1,&@),66&iv. R&6), *?# ; &@0,@&+

(I. Ca!cu!ation for (esse!&


i. A&61 CoriLontal J D ( ; + A ; 0 m&

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ii. A&6! Aertical J D ( ; & A ; 16 m&

iii. A&6& CoriLontal J D ( ; & A ; 0.0 m&

iv. A&6) CoriLontal J D ( ; & A ; B.! m&


For A&61, A&6& and A&6):

>1 ; &.++B+

>! ; 6.&00B

>& ; 6.626+

For A&6!:

>1 ; &.)20)

>! ; 6.))@+

>& ; 6.160)



2

i. A&61, *p ; @,01+ii. A&6!, *p ; 11,&6B

iii. A&6&, *p ; 2,1B2iv. A&6), *p ; @,10B


For *aron "teel Aessels: 8dentification numer ; 1@, F# ; 1


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For A&61, A&6& and A&6):

?1 ; 1.)2

?! ; 1.+!

For A&6!:

?1 ; !.!+

?! ; 1.@!

• "tep 0 <Find F'=850−0.6 ( P+1 )

¿+0.00315

2 ¿( P+1) D

¿ F P ,vessel=¿

i. A&61, F' ; 1ii. A&6!, F' ; 1.6&iii. A&6&, F' ; 1iv. A&6), F' ; 1.6!

• "tep @ <Find *?# in !661=

C BM (2001)=C Po (B1+B2 F P F M )

i. A&61, *?# ; !B,!&1ii. A&6!, *?# ; )B,B&&iii. A&6&, *?# ; !@,&02iv. A&6), *?# ; !),@+@

• "tep 2 <Find *?# in !61)=

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C BM (2014 )=C BM (2001 ) I

2014

I 2001=C BM (2001 ) 576.1

394

i. A&61, *?# ; &@,&+)ii. A&6!, *?# ; B@,1@Biii. A&6&, *?# ; )1,)2+iv. A&6), *?# ; &B,&)+

(II. Ca!cu!ation for Tota! C+ in ,-/ &

-otal *?#<!61)= ; 1!,6!1,&)&

Ta0!e 5.& The actua! 0are modu!e cost1 C+ 23)

E%uipment /o. ctual are module cost, *?# <=

Ceat E9changer

E&61 0&,B!0E&6! 02,@&+E&6& !BB,++6E&6) &B),6&&E&6+ 1@&,!@2

E&6B B+,&+BE&60 B0,@!0E&6@ +&,@+)E&62 B6,B6@

Furnace C&61 !,2+B,@+1

'ump

'&61 !2,0B6'&6! 2,)+)'&6& 2,)+)'&6) 2,0)+'&6+ 1),2&+

-ower -&61 &B2,!&2-&6! !++,0)&

Reactor

R&61 0@@,2@)R&6! @0!,1!)R&6& 2)B,+&!R&6) !B+,!))

Aessel

A&61 !B,1)&A&6! )B,61+A&6& !0,B61A&6) !),B16

Tota! 0are modu!e cost1

C+,- 23)

0,@B0,)1&

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Tota! 0are modu!e cost1

C+,-/ 23)

11,+6&,+2+

E. Ca!cu!ation for Tota! +odu!e Cost 2CT+) and 4rassroots Cost 2C4*)

C TM =1.18∑i=1

n

C BM

= 1.18 x (1!,6!1,&)&=

; 1),1@+,1@+

C GR=C TM +0.50∑i=1

n

C BM o

; 1),1@+,1@+ 5 6.+6<11,+6&,+2+=

; 12,2&B,2@&

'. +anufacturin% Cost Estimation

Factors affecting the cost of manufacturing <*O#=, for a chemical 'roduct

'actor "escription of 'actor . "irect cost 'actors that ar6 ith the rate of productiona. Raw materials *osts of chemical feed stocks re%uired y the process.

Flowrates otained from the 'F(.. aste treatment *ost of waste treatment to protect environment.

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c. Mtilities *osts of utility streams re%uired y process. 8ncludes

ut not limited to:

i. Fuel gas

ii. Electric power

iii. "team<all pressures=

iv. *ooling water

v. 'rocess water

vi. ?oiler feed water

vii. 8nstrument air

viii. 8nert gas <nitrogen= etc.

i9. Refrigeration

d. Operating laor *osts of personnel re%uired for plant operations.e. (irect supervisor

and clerical laor

*ost of administrativeD engineering and support

personnel.f. #aintenance and

repairs

*osts of laor and materials associated with the

maintenance.g. Operating supplies *osts of miscellaneous supplies that support daily

operation not considered to e raw materials. E9amples

include chart paper, luricants, miscellaneous

chemicals, filters, respirators and protective clothing foroperators, etc.

h. Jaoratory charges *osts of routine and special laoratory tests re%uired for

product %uality control and trouleshooting.i. 'atents and royalties *osts of using patented or licensed technology.

,. 'i$ed costs 'actors not affected 06 the !ee! of productiona. (epreciation *osts associated with the physical plant <uildings,

e%uipment, etc.=. Jegal operating e9pense for ta9

purposes.. Jocal ta9es and

8nsurance

*osts associated with property ta9es and liaility

insurance. ?ased on plant location and severity of the

process.c. 'lant overhead costs

<sometimes referred

to as factory

e9penses=

*atchall costs associated with operations of au9iliary

facilities supporting the manufacturing process. *osts

involve payroll and accounting services, fire protection

and safety services, medical services, cafeteria and any

recreation facilities, payroll overhead and employee

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enefits, general engineering, etc.

7. 4enera! e$penses Costs associated ith mana%ement !ee! and

administratie actiities not direct!6 re!ated to the

manufacturin% processa. dministration costs *osts for administration. 8ncludes salaries, other

administration, uildings, and other related activities.. (istriution and

selling costs

*osts of sales and marketing re%uired to sell chemical

products. 8ncludes salaries and other miscellaneous

costs.c. Research and

development

*osts of research activities related to the process and

product. 8ncludes salaries and funds for research

related e%uipment and supplies, etc.

Costs of +anufactures 2COM ) 8 "irect +anufacturin% Costs 2DMC ) 9

'i$ed +anufacturin% Costs 2FMC ) 9 4enera! E$penses 2GE )

-he cost of manufacturing, *O#, can e determined when the following costs areknown or can e estimated:

a= Fi9ed capital investment <F*8= : <*-# or *GR=

= *ost of operating laor <*OJ=

c= *ost of utilities <*M-=

d= *ost of waste treatment <*-=

e= *ost of raw materials <*R#=

-he tale aove gives data that are needed to calculate to estimate the individual

cost items that are identified aove. ith the e9ception of the cost of raw materials,

waste treatment, utilities, and operating laor all the data need to e calculate y

using certain e%uations. 8f no other information is availale, the midpoint values for

each of these ranges is used to estimate the costs involved. Cence, all the

summation of the datas for the calculation of manufacturing cost can e simplified

into these e%uations:

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"+C 8 C*+9 C:T 9 CUT 9 .77COL 9 -.-;<'CI 9 -.-7CO+

'+C 8 -.=->COL 9 -.-;<'CI 9 depreciation

4E 8 -.==COL 9 -.--<'CI 9 -.;CO+

e can otain the total manufacturing cost y adding these three categories

together and solving for the *O# and the result is:

CO+ 8 -.,>-'CI 9 ,.=7COL 9 .,72C*+9 C:T 9 CUT)

-he cost of manufacture without depreciation:

CO+d 8 -.>-'CI 9 ,.=7COL 9 .,72C*+9 C:T 9 CUT)

a) 'i$ed capita! inestment1 'CI 2C4*)

*-# ; 1.1@ N *?#

; 1.1@<1!, 6!1&)&=

; 1),1@+,1@+

*GR ; *-# 5 6.+ N*?#

; 1),1@+,1@+ 5 6.+< 11,+6&,+2+=

; 12,2&B,2@&

0) Cost of operatin% !a0or 2COL)

-he techni%ue used to calculate operating laor re%uirements is ased on dataotained from five chemical companies and correlated y lkayat and Gerrard.

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ccording to this method, the e%uation for the operating laor re%uirement for a

chemical processing plant is given y:

NOL8 2;.,< 9 7.=P, 9 -.,7Nnp) -.5

here /OJ is the numer of operators per shift, ' is the numer of processing step

involving the handling of particulate solids, and /np is the numer of nonparticulate

processing steps handling steps includes compression, heating and cooling, mi9ing,

and reaction.

/np ; ∑ Equipment

E%uipment uantity /np*ompressor

Ceat E9changer

Furnace

Reactors

-owers

Aessels

6

2

1

)

!

)

6

2

1

)

!

-otal !6 1B

Cence, when /np is e%ual to1B+, the numer of operating laor re%uirement is

/OJ ; 3B.!2 5 &.1<6= 5 6.!&<1B=4 6.+

/OJ ; &.1+@

-he value of /OJ is the numer of operators re%uired to run the process unit per shift. single operator works on the average )2 weeks <& weeks time off for vacation and

sick leave= a year, five @hour shift a week.

; )2 weekDyr × + shiftDweek

; !)+ shifts per operatorDyear

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chemical plant operates !) hours per day. -his re%uires <&B+ days D year × &

shift D day= 162+ operating shifts per year. -he numer of operators needed to

provide this numer of shifts is

; 162+ shiftDyear !)+ shifts per operatorDyear

; ).+ operators

Cence,

the operating laor ; /OJ× ).+ operators

; &.1+@ × ).+

; 1).!1 P 1+ operators

-he cost of operating laor, *OJ is e%ual to the salary given to each of operator

yearly which in this case the yearly salary given is +2, +@6

*OJ ; +2, +@6 9 1+ ; @2&,066D y

c) Cost of uti!it6 2COT)

No. T6pe T6pe of

equipment

No. of

equipment

Price Tota! Price ? 6ear

1. Jow'ressure

"team

Ceat e9changer ! 1&.!@ D GQ !,&0&,))+.6+

!. Cigh'ressure

"team

Ceat e9changer ) 10.16D GQ !,2&),!6).6&

&. *ooling ater Ceat e9changer & 6.&+)DGQ +1,)2@.@1

). /atural Gas Furnace 11.16DGQ !,0++,2+&.)0

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+. Electricity 'ump 6.6BDkh 1&,2@2.!@

Tota!

@,1!2,626.+2

"tream Factor ; 6.2+

1. E&61 (uty is 1.2B0 GQDh. From tale aove, *ost of Cigh'ressure "team ;

10.06DGQ

early cost ; 9 *C'" 9 stream factor

; 1.967G!

"# 9$17.70

G! 924"#

1%a& 9365%a&s

1 &ea# 9 6.2+

; 3 ,><1=7=.<- ? 6ear

!. E&6! (uty is !.+2! GQDh. From tale aove, *ost of Cigh'ressure "team ;

10.06DGQ


; 2.592G! "# 9 $17.70G! 924

"#1%a& 9 365%a&s1 &ea# 9 6.2+

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; 3 7>1>--.-/ ? 6ear

&. E&6& (uty is 16.6@6 GQDh. From tale aove, *ost of Cigh'ressure "team ;

10.06DGQ


; 10.080G!

"# 9$17.70

G! 924"#

1%a& 9365%a&s

1 &ea# 9 6.2+

; 3 1/>/1===? 6ear

). E&6) (uty is 1!.&B0 GQDh. From tale aove, *ost of Jow'ressure "team ;

1&.!@DGQ

early cost ; 9 *J'" 9 stream factor

; 1 2.367G!

"# 9$13.28

G! 924"#

1%a& 9365%a&s

1 &ea# 9 6.2+

; 3 17;;1=57.75 ? 6ear

+. E&6+ (uty is ).2)& GQDh. From tale aove, *ost of *ooling ater ; 6.&+)DGQ

early cost ; 9 ** 9 stream factor

; 4.943

G!

"# 9

$0.354

G! 9

24"#

1%a& 9

365%a&s

1 &ea# 9 6.2+

; 3 /15;,.-,? 6ear

B. E&6B (uty is 2.162 GQDh. From tale aove, *ost of Jow'ressure "team ;

1&.!@DGQ

early cost ; 9 *J'" 9 stream factor

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; 9.109G!

"# 9$13.28

G! 924"#

1%a& 9365%a&s

1 &ea# 9 6.2+

; 3 1--;1;<.=- ? 6ear

0. E&60 (uty is 0.!0B GQDh. From tale aove, *ost of *ooling ater ; 6.&+)DGQ


; 0.!0BG!

"# 9$0.354

G! 924"#

1%a& 9365%a&s

1 &ea# 9 6.2+

; 3 ,1/75.-? 6ear

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10.06DGQ


; +.!@1G!

"# 9$17.70

G! 9

24"#

1%a& 9

365%a&s

1 &ea# 9 6.2+

; 3 ===1>>>.7? 6ear

2. E&62 (uty is +.!B! GQDh. From tale aove, *ost of *ooling ater ; 6.&+)DGQ


; +.!B!G!

"# 9$0.354

G! 924"#

1%a& 9365%a&s

1 &ea# 9 6.2+

; 3 515-.=-? 6ear

16.Electric 'ower ; ctual power D efficiency

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Equipment Actua! poer 2@:) Efficienc6 E!ectric poer

2@:)'&61 D? 1+.6 0+7 !6.66'&6! D? 1.6 0+7 1.&&'&6& D? 1.6 0+7 1.&&

'&6) D? 1.) @67 1.0+'&6+ D? !.0 0+7 &.B6

-otal Electric 'ower ; ,>.- @:. *ost of electricity ; 3-.-;?@:h

early cost ; 9 *electricity 9 stream factor

; [email protected] k 9$0.06

'(" 9

24"#

1%a& 9

365%a&s

1 &ea# 9 6.2+

; 3 71<><.,> ? 6ear

d) Cost of :aste Treatment 2::T)

ssume that,

aste treatment ; 6.6Dyear

e) *a materia! costs&

?enLene <1.62&)Dkg=

; 2!0B.0!1')

"# 9$1.0934

') 924"#

1%a& 9365%a&s

1 &ea# 9 6.2+

; $ @),)11,)&&.B!

Ethylene <1&B)Dkg=

&1&!.&2')

"# 9$1.364

') 924"#

1%a& 9365%a&s

1 &ea# 9 6.2+

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; $ &+,++B,)!1.0B

-otal raw materials

¿$ @),)11,)&&.B! 5 $ &+,++B,)!1.0B

; $ 112,2B0,@++.)6

*O#d ;6.1@6F*8 5 !.0&*OJ 5 1.!&<*M- 5 *- 5 *R#=

; 6.1@6F*8 5 !.0&*OJ 5 1.!&<Mtilities 5 aste treatment5 raw materials=

; <6.1@6 9 12,2&B,2@&= 5 !.0&< @2&,066= 5 1.!&< @,1!2,626 5 6 5 112,2B0,@++=; 1B&,+@0,061 D year

;) P*O'ITAILIT ANALSIS

A. NonBdiscounted Cash '!o

orking *apital, * ; !67 F*8

; !67 <12,2&B,2@&=

; &,2@0,&20

Jand *ost, J ; 16,666,666

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-otal Fi9ed *apital 8nvestment, F*8J ; 12,2&B,2@&

Date post:	05-Mar-2016
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