Contraception

Chapter 6

Chapter 6 2

Contraceptives

• Definition.– Preventing conception by blocking the

female’s egg from uniting with the male’s sperm, thereby preventing pregnancy.

Chapter 6 3

Principles of Contraception

• Based on the physiology of reproduction

• Types: Barrier, Hormonal, Natural Methods, and Surgical

• Factors affecting choice• Effectiveness

Chapter 6 4

Chapter 6 5

Reversible Contraceptives• Oral: “The Pill”

– Estrogen and progesterone taken orally– Mimics the menstrual cycle– “Minipill”– Advantages– Disadvantages– Side effects– Effectiveness:

Chapter 6 6

Reversible Contraceptives• Norplant Implants

– Hormonal method– Matchstick capsules– Progestin inhibits ovulation– Advantages– Disadvantages– Side effects– Effectiveness:

Chapter 6 7

Reversible Contraceptives• Depo-Provera

– Hormonal treatment– Injectable progestin every 12 weeks– Advantages – Disadvantage– Side effects

• period will subside - ovaries will not release egg• It may take 12 months before cycle will return

– Effectiveness -

Chapter 6 8

Reversible Contraceptives• Emergency Contraceptive• Postcoital Pill, Morning After Pill

– use a EPT kit– Two dose regimen– Prevents uterine implantation– Needs to be taken within 72 hours.

Best used within 24 hours– Intrauterine Device

Chapter 6 9

Reversible Contraceptives

• Intrauterine Device (IUD)– Progeatasert, T-380A (ParaGard) and

Levonorgestral– Not exactly sure how it prevents

pregnancy– Advantages – Disadvantages– Effectiveness

Chapter 6 10

Chapter 6 11

Reversible Contraceptives

• Male Condom– Thin latex sheaths– Advantages– Disadvantages– Effectiveness – Use with spermicide

Chapter 6 12

Chapter 6 13

Reversible Contraceptives

• Female Condom– Reality Brand– Advantages– Disadvantage– Effectiveness

Chapter 6 14

Chapter 6 15

Reversible Contraceptives• Diaphragm

– Dome shaped cup of thin rubber– Custom fit– Following intercourse– Advantages– Disadvantages

• TSS

– Effectiveness – Cost

Chapter 6 16

Chapter 6 17

Reversible Contraceptives

• Cervical Cap – Small rubber or plastic cap– Must use foam kit– Advantages– Disadvantage

Chapter 6 18

Contraceptive Sponge

• Why they were withdrawn from the market

• Advantages• Disadvantages• Effectiveness

Chapter 6 19

Vaginal Spermicide

• How it works• Advantages• Disadvantages• Effectiveness

Chapter 6 20

Chapter 6 21

Abstinence

• Without intercourse or sexual activities

• Benefits: more self respect and respect for others. Security that you are being pursued for sexual reasons. Less worry about STDs and Pregnancy.

Chapter 6 22

The Fertility Awareness Method (FAM)

• Calendar method• Temperature method• Mucus method• Withdrawal• Combining methods

Chapter 6 23

Chapter 6 24

Permanent ContraceptionSterilization• Vasectomy- severing of the vasa

deferentia• May return to work in 2 days• Semen tested in 12 weeks or 20

ejaculations• Reversal varies between 80% to 50%,

depending on the report.• Complication rate• Effectiveness

Chapter 6 25

Chapter 6 26

Permanent ContraceptionSterilization• Female sterilization: Tubal

sterilization and Hysterectomy • Surgical cases• Complication rate• Reversibility

Chapter 6 27

Chapter 6 28

When is it Okay to Begin Having Sexual Relations?

• Society’s approach• Changing of attitudes with the

changing of time.• Answering personal questions.

Chapter 6 29

Which Contraceptive Method is Right for You?

• Appropriate method of birth control– Individual health risks– Implications of unplanned pregnancy– Risks of STDs– Convenience– Type of relationship– Ease and Cost– Acceptability of the method in terms of

religious or other philosophical beliefs

Chapter 6 30

Contraception and Gender Differences

• Differences between males and females responsibilities.– In the present– In the past

Chapter 6 31

Thank You !