Contraception Methods

Miss Markowski

What is contraception?

• Contra: against

• Conception: when egg & sperm unite

• Also known as “birth control” meaning it prevents

pregnancy,

• Birth Control methods* DO NOT protect against STDs

Types of Birth Control Permanent methods:1. Vasectomy 2.Tubal LigationBarrier methods:1. Condom 2. SpongeHormonal methods: - Implanon (rod) - OrthoEvra (patch) - Mirena (IUD) - Birth Control Pills - DepoProvera (shot) - Nuva Ring (ring)Other methods:- Spermicide - Withdrawal - Natural Family

Planning

Only 100% effective method?

AbstinenceChoosing not to

exchange any body fluids with someone else (except saliva)

All Hormonal Birth control methods work the same 3 ways!

1. Stop ovulation

2. Prevents uterus lining from building up.

3. Creates thick mucus near cervix, making a hostile environment for sperm.

Warning!!

Although some side effects are mentioned during class, please be advised that hormonal birth control methods have many side effects including blood clots, stroke, and possible death.

Always check with your doctor to see what is best for you!

Implanon “the rod”

effectiveness 99.9%

• Small rod of hormone inserted under the skin of the upper arm for up to 3 years

• How it works: hormonal method, releases hormones for 3 years

• How to use it: Dr. must prescribe it, insert & remove it after 3 years.

• Side Effects: pain with insertion and removal, irregular bleeding, headaches, mood swings, changes in appetite, STDs

• Mirena : Intra Uterine Device

Effectiveness 99.9%

Small t-shaped plastic device put inside the uterus to remain for up to 5 years.

How it works: hormonal method & prevents the uterus from being able to house a fetus

How to use it: Dr. must prescribe it, insert & remove it after 5 years. Only women with no STD's, HIV, not currently pregnant can get it

Side Effects: pain upon insertion &removal, lighter, shorter and less painful periods; spotting; stays in place for 5 years, headaches, increases in acne, STDs

• Depo-Provera “the shot”

Effectiveness: 97-99% * Human Error

How it works: Hormonal shot used every 3 months in woman’s arm

How to use it: Doctor must prescribe it and give the shot within specific time frame of 12 weeks (+/- 5 days)

Side effects: increase in appetite, mood swings, headaches, lighter, shorter and less painful periods, loss of period, spotting, pain at site of injection, STDs

Effectiveness: 95-99% * Human Error

How it works: Hormonal ring placed in the vagina and stays in for 3 weeks at a time

How to use it: Doctor must prescribe it, continually releases hormones, take the ring and insert it into your own vagina, keeping it in for 3 weeks and then removing it for one week to have a period, throw the ring out then continuing with a new ring for 3 weeks, etc.

Side effects: less acne, headaches, lighter, shorter and less painful periods, spotting, might fall out and need to put it back in, must remember to keep it in for 21 days, then out for 7, then a new one in again for 21 days, STDs

Nuva Ring: “the ring”

• Contraception Patch

Effectiveness: 94-99% * Human Error How it works: Hormonal

How to use it: Dr must precsribe it, 3 patches per Rx, put on upper arm, upper or lower back, or lower abdomen, once per week, keep alternating locations each week for 3 weeks. Keep off for one week, then start again.

Side effects: less acne, headaches, lighter, shorter and less painful periods, spotting, STDs ,can fall off especially excessive sweat and swimming, blood clots more likely than the other hormonal methods

•

Birth Control Pill “The Pill”

Effectiveness: 92-97% * Human Error

How it works: Hormonal

How to use it: more than 40 different kinds, doctor prescribes it, a daily pill that releases hormones

**You MUST TAKE IT AT THE SAME TIME EVERY SINGLE DAY

+/- 1 hour window

antibiotics they interfere with pill so you MUST use a back up form of birth control during and up to 2 weeks after…

Side effects: less acne, headaches, lighter, shorter and less painful periods, spotting, changes in appetite, STDs

• Condoms:

• % effectiveness: 85-98% effective but human error (using expired condoms, using hand lotion or sanitizer, not putting it on correctly, store condoms in a hot or cold car/wallet, can cause breakage)

• A barrier methods made of latex (or polyisoprene if allergies) that goes around the penis

• How it works: provides a barrier to prevent sperm from entering the vagina and fluid from coming into contact with each other

• How to use it: check expiration date, carefully open, hold on to tip, squeeze air out and place over penis, rolling all the way down, USE LUBRICANT to prevent breakage, take it off immediately after ejaculation

• see handout and demo in class

• Side effects: protection from most STD's; some people allergic to latex slight decreased sensation, may break if not enough lubrication

Condom Check list (prior to using it)

1. Check expiration date on the box2. Check if it is made of latex or non-latex3. Check for lubrication or spermicide 4. Check for “puffiness” of individual condom

package Package should have some “puff” to it, if not, it might have

a tiny hole or exposure to air which can make it break

THEN…..5. WASH YOUR HANDS with soap&water to

clean off any lotions, hand sanitizer, (or clean lips of chapstick/lipstick for oral)

• effectiveness: 70-82% at best, so use it with a condom

• How it works: Nonoxynol-9 is the active ingredient, it kills sperm within an hour or more. can be foams, jellies, or films made of spermicide

• How to use it: put it on the condom and in the vagina 20 min to 1 hour before sex. Film needs to be in vagina for 20 min before sex. Reapply as needed.

• Side effects: genital irritation/allergic reaction to Nonoxynol-9, pregnancy and STDs

Spermicide foams, jellies & films:

Effectiveness: 99.85%

Vas deferens are cut and clamped or lasered shut

How it works: sperm cannot enter the vas deferens and urethra to be ejaculated out

How to use it: simple 15-30 minute surgical procedure, local anesthesia can be used,

Side effects: sterility, tenderness for several days around scrotum, must use a back up method of birth control for up to 3 months after surgery, permanent method, STDs if no other method used

•Vasectomy:

• Effectiveness: 98-99% *

• woman gets fallopian tubes cut and clamped or lasered shut

How it works: prevents egg from being able to reach the fallopian tubes and be fertilized by a sperm

How to use it: major surgery requiring general anaesthesia and at least one day in the hospital

• Side effects: infection or death, ectopic pregnancy, changes in periods, usually makes you sterile permanently, STDs if no other method used

Tubal Ligation

Sponge

Effectiveness: 68-78% Disposable, flexible sponge made of spermicide that covers the cervix

How it works: barrier with spermicide to kill and prevent sperm from entering cervix

How to use it: no Rx needed, using clean hands, wet it with water, put in vagina up against cervix at least an hour before sex and leave it in at least 6 hours after sex, then throw it away.

Side effects: vaginal dryness and irritation, messiness, hard to put in, may break apart in vagina, possible pregnancy & STDs

Natural Family planning / Fertility Awareness

• % effectiveness: 75%-80% if done correctly AND if the woman’s cycle is regular

• Only method approved by Catholic Church

• How it works: Keeping track of the changes in woman’s body throughout the month and avoiding sex before and during ovulation

• How to do it: daily keeping track of when the woman is ovulating b:

• - body temperature changes• cervical mucus and vaginal discharge• length of period (and time until the next one)• ovulation usually happens 14 days before the next period• pregnancy is most likely to occur in 4-5 days before ovulation

or the day of ovulation• Side effects: tedious, time consuming, change due to illness,

stress, pregnancy and STDs

• effectiveness: 15-73% * Depending on the woman’s cycle

• How it works: man removes penis before ejaculation in an attempt to avoid sperm getting in the vagina

• How to use it: self control and awareness of onset of orgasm is needed, does nothing to prevent exposure to “pre-ejaculatory fluid”

• Side effects: pregnancy, STD’s, messiness and clean up

Withdrawing “pull out”:

Abstinence vs. “Safer sex”

What are the benefits of Abstinence?

What are the benefits of Safer sex?

What are the risks of Abstinence?

What are the risks of Safer sex?