Contraceptive Technology

Please Note

•No artificial birth control is 100% effective in protecting against pregnancy or STIs.

•Abstinence*, however, is. We’ll talk about what abstinence is at the end.

List of Common STIs• Chancroid• Chlamydia• Cytomegalovirus (CMV)• Genital Warts (HPV)• Gonorrhea (The Clap)• Hepatitis A• Hepatitis B• Hepatitis C• Herpes (HSV1)• Herpes (HSV2)• HIV & AIDS• Human Papillomavirus (HPV)• Intestinal Parasites

• Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)

• Molluscum Contagiosum• Mononucleosis (Mono)• Mycoplasma Genitalium• Nongonococcal Urethritis

(NGU)• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

(PID)• Pubic Lice (Crabs)• Scabies• Syphilis• Trichomoniasis (Trich)• Vaginitis (BV, Yeast, Etc.)

Fill in the following on your chart.•I will go through each contraceptive

technology. Fill in the important information on your chart as we go.

Sterilization•Women

▫This can be done through surgery or a micro insert that causes scar tissue that blocks the fallopian tubes

▫Woman no longer releases eggs•Men

▫No longer releases sperm▫Vasectomy

Sterilization•Does not protect against STIs

•Much less than 1 in a 100 will become pregnant

Birth Control Patch

Birth Control Patch•Woman affixes an adhesive patch to her buttocks, arm, or stomach each week

•Hormones are released into the blood•The egg is not released by the woman•Makes fluid in uterus thick so sperm have a hard time moving

•If egg becomes fertilized it does not allow it to become attached to the womb

Birth Control Patch•Does not protect against STIs•9 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly

Birth Control Pill

Birth Control Pill•Woman takes a pill at the same time each day (if not at the same time, it is significantly less effective)

•Hormones are released by taking a pill•The egg is not released by the woman•Makes fluid in uterus thick so sperm have a hard time moving

•If egg becomes fertilized it does not allow it to become attached to the womb

Birth Control Pill• Approved by the FDA in 1960• Most Common Side Effects

▫ Migranes caused by a drop in estrogen before a period (also from the patch and the ring)

▫ Nausea caused by estrogen (also from the patch and the ring)▫ Spotting caused by low-estrogen making the uterine lining

start to shed (also from an IUD, implant, shot, patch, and ring)▫ Mood swings caused by progestins▫ Acne from increased oil production, courtesy of progestin

(also from IUD, implant, and shot)▫ Painful or heavy periods (also with non-hormonal IUDs)▫ Weight gain (on average about 10 pounds) and fluid retention

(feeling bloated) from combination hormones (also from patch, ring, and shot)

Birth Control Pill•Does not protect against STIs•9 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly

Birth Control Ring

Birth Control Ring•Ring is inserted into the vagina once a month and remains there for three weeks slowly releasing hormones

•The egg is not released by the woman•Makes fluid in uterus thick so sperm have a hard time moving

•If egg becomes fertilized it does not allow it to become attached to the womb

Birth Control Ring•Does not protect against STIs•9 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly

Female Condom

Female Condom• A polyurethane covering is placed inside the woman’s vagina blocking the cervix

Female Condom•Does protect against some STIs

•21 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly

Male Condom

Male Condom•A latex covering is placed over the penis, which does not allow sperm to enter the vagina

Male Condom•Does protect against only some STIs

•18 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly

Birth Control Shot

Birth Control Shot• The woman receives an injection from a doctor four times per year (in the arm or buttocks)

•The woman’s body does not release an egg

Birth Control Shot•Does not protect against STIs•6 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly

Diaphragm

Diaphragm• Dome shaped rubber piece is placed over the cervix before intercourse

•Used with spermicide•Blocks sperm from entering uterus•Must be left in for six hours after sexual intercourse so spermicide can kill all the sperm in the woman

Diaphragm•Does not protect against STIs•16 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly

Emergency Contraception

Emergency Contraception

• Over-the-counter pill taken within 72 hours of having sexual intercourse

• Stops the release of the egg•Affects movement and function of sperm

•Affects walls of uterus so egg can not attach to the wall of the uterus

Emergency Contraception

•Does not protect against STIs•11 in 100 couples will become pregnant if used perfectly

IUD – Intrauterine Device

IUD – Intrauterine Device

•Hormonal or Copper •May make fluids in the uterus thick so sperm have a hard time moving

• May not allow a fertilized egg to attach to the wall of the uterus

•IUD is replaced once every 3 – 12 years depending on the prescription

IUD – Intrauterine Device

•Does not protect against STIs•1 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly

Implant

•Much like an IUD in function•Matchstick-size implant is inserted into

the arm for 3 years

Implant

•Does not protect against STIs•1 in 100 will become pregnant if used

perfectly

Natural Family Planning

•Only having sex when the woman is in the part of her cycle when an egg is not being released

•Monitoring daily temperature, body rhythms, and monthly cycles very carefully

NFP•Does not protect against STIs•25 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly

Spermicide

Spermicide•A cream or gel that contains a chemical that kills sperm cells

•Put into the vagina with a applicator or found as a coating on some male condoms

Spermicide•Does not protect against STIs•29 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly

Withdrawal•The penis is removed from the vagina before ejaculations

•Pre-ejaculate is often released during intercourse which may contain sperm cells

Withdrawal•Does not protect against STIs•27 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly

Not Using Any Birth Control

•Attempting to conceive•Man ejaculates in the woman

Not Using Any Birth Control

•Does not protect against STIs•85 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly

Abstinence•The couple does not engage in any sexual acts

•The “keep your pants on” method.

Abstinence•Does protect against STIs when you keep both of your pants on

•0 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly

FAQs• Can I get pregnant from anal intercourse or oral intercourse?

▫ This isn’t a complete no. Semen must enter the vagina to cause pregnancy; however, fingers or hands could move it there. Oh, and it definitely DOES NOT PROTECT AGAINST STIs.

• Can antibiotics make a contraceptive less effective?▫ Absolutely. Not all medication will change the effectiveness of hormone-based

contraceptives, but some will. • My friend said that smoking pot works as a contraceptive. Is this true?

▫ Nope! Not one bit. Aside from it being illegal, it alters your ability to make good choices too. Oh, and it definitely DOES NOT PROTECT AGAINST STIs.

• What about the other “methods:” diet-soda wash; pushing really hard on your belly button; intercourse standing up; plastic wrap, a balloon, or chicken skin “condom”; jumping up and down after intercourse; sneezing violently; intercourse in a hot tub; taking an aspirin after intercourse; or the female not reaching orgasm”▫ No, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, and no. Oh, and they definitely DO

NOT PROTECT AGAINST STIs.