Contribution of Medspiration/GHRSST products to

Mediterranean applications of

SST

Bruno Buongiorno Nardelli (1) Nadia Pinardi (2)

(1) CNR - Istituto di Scienze dell’Atmosfera e del Clima – sezione di Roma (2) Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia

r.santoleri@isac.cnr.it;

Rosalia Santoleri (1)

Outline

• Mediterranean SST processing chain at GOS & its products

• Use of SST in the MFS Mediterranean ocean forecasting system

• Dissemination to users

• Future Plans

MED-SST Products:GOS involvement in national and

international projects/programmes

Mediterranean Forecasting System AdricosmMedspirationMersea

PRIMI

GODAE Global High Resolution SST Pilot Project (GHRSST-PP)

CNR-ISAC-GOS SST processing chain (operative since October 1998) has been designed to provide SST data for assimilation in the MFS forecasting model. MFS_SST are daily optimally Interpolated Sea Surface Temperature (OISST) maps produced in near real time at 5 Km resolution (1/16°x1/16° MFS model grid)

Since July 2006, In the framework of MERSEA, CNR-ISAC also produces multi-sensors OISST maps merging a variety of sensors (AVHRR, MODIS, SEVERI, AATSR) as contribution to the GODAE/GHRSST-PP

The same OI scheme has also been used to perform a Re-Analysis (RAv0) of AVHRR Pathfinder SST time series, from 1985 to 2005 by CNR-GOS in collaboration with ENEA. This product has also

been used to build up a Med SST climatology

http://gos.ifa.rm.cnr.it/

The Mediterranean GOS L4 SST processorf l o w c h a r t

Data mergingISACISAC

Optimal Interpolation

Data delivery

Data quality controll

Night-time SST using MF algorithm

Cloud detection

SST daily composite binning on model grid

(1/16x1/16)

MF AVHRR acquisition

Atlantic buffer zone + west Med

Night-time SST using Pathfinder algorithm

Cloud detection

SST daily composite binning on model grid

(1/16x1/16)

ISAC AVHRR acquisition

Entire Mediterranean

L2P GHRSSTProducts

GOS SST Multi-senosorsProcessing Chain: LOGICAL VIEW

M1: L2P data acquisition

M2: SST Extraction/Editing

M3: SST data merging

M4: SST OI interpolation

M5: OUTPUT delivery

GHRSSTGDAC L2P data

MFS SST users

CNR-ISACAVHRR L2 data

CNR-ISAC administrator

Input Data

EXT.DAT.001: all the L2P night time data available from GHRSST:

ATS_NR_2P, ENVISAT AATSR near real time SSTskin dataAVHRR18_G, AVHRR NOAA-18 GAC derived SST dataAVHRR18_L, AVHRR NOAA-18 LAC derived SST dataAVHRR17_G, AVHRR NOAA-17 GAC derived SST dataAVHRR17_L, AVHRR NOAA-17 LAC derived SST dataNAR18, AVHRR NOAA-18 derived SST dataNAR17, AVHRR NOAA-17 derived SST dataSEVIRI, MSG-SEVIRI derived SST dataMODIS_A, EOS AQUA MODIS derived SST dataMODIS_T, EOS TERRA MODIS derived SST data

EXT.DAT.002: AVHRR L2 SST from NOAA18 NOAA17 acquired and processed by CNR-ISAC Rome HRPT station

Data identifier

GHRSST - L2P SST EXT.DAT.001

CNR-ISAC - L2 SST EXT.DAT.002

PRIMI – L4 HR SST EXT.DAT.101

PRIMI – L4 UHR SST EXT.DAT.102

Data Merging Reference sensor ”merged files”• Interpolation uses in input ‘merged’ files (1 SST map per day)

• The reference sensor (assumed with zero bias against in situ SST) is used for the adjustment of the SST values measured by the other sensors. The reference sensors were selected on the basis of sensors evaluation, they are:

ATS_NR_2P NAR17 (MODIS_T, 4 micron)

• Evaluation of the bias between reference sensor and the other sensors is performed on collated pixels on a daily basis (only if sufficient co-located pixels are found)

• Merging procedure selects valid pixels using first high resolution L2P data the sensor sequence listed below:

ATS_NR_2P , NAR17, MODIS_T, NAR18 , MODIS_A, AVHRR17_L, AVHRR18_L, SEVIRI, AVHRR18_G, AVHRR17_G

Sensors Evaluation

MODIS Terra (11micron)

MBE=-0.21 °C

Rms=0.38 °C

MODIS Terra (4 micron)

MBE=-0.04 °C

Rms=0.33 °C

MODIS Aqua (4 micron)

MBE=-0.16 °C

Rms=0.54 °C

MODIS Aqua (11 micron)

MBE=-0.34 °C

Rms=0.55 °C

SEVIRI

MBE=-0.07 °C

Rms=0.51 °C

NAR17

MBE=-0.002 °C

Rms=0.49 °C

n

iobsxj

n

jijest iCAx

1 1

1 )~

(~

)(

SST INTERPOLATION by Optimal Interpolation

The scheme drives a ‘multi-basin’ analysis to avoid data propagation across land, from one sub-basin to the other.

iobsxi xxC i )()(

The Interpolation is performed in space and time, using a time series of daily SST maps: (1 SST map per day)

NRT OISST map is produced every day at 6 am.

L

rt

eetrC

),(L =180 kmτ =7 days

Medspiration results:

Delayed OISST map is produced every day after 7 days

The outputs are follows GHRSST convetion (netCDF, Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata convention versione 1.0)

CNR-ISAC-GOS L4_processors configuration

MFS (AVHRR in input) MFS (L2P in input)

MBE=-0.08 °C

Rms=0.46 °C

MBE=-0.26 °C

Rms=0.52 °C

MBE=-0.11 °C

Rms=0.52°C

The 2006 SST anomaly was monitored in near real time by the GOS SST Processing system

The warm summer 2006

daily SST anomaly respect to the 1985-2004 climatology

Time series of SST mean in the West Med

•Multiparametric buoys (M3A) in Ligurian, Adriatic and Cretan Sea

•XBT VOS/SOOP

•ARGO FLOAT (MedArgo)

•Daily SST from satellite interpolated in RT on the model grid (1/16°x1/16°)

•SLA from satellite (Jason1, GFO, ENVISAT and T/P)

•Open ocean monitoring by gliders

•Scatterometer daily winds analysis on a grid of 1/2°x1/2° (soon a new real time analysis ready)

MFS Monitoring System:

Basin scale forecasting system:

MFS1671

BATHYMETRY (m)

NUMERICAL MODEL:

•Horizontal resolution 1/16°x1/16°•Vertical resolution 72 unevenly spaced levels•Numerical code: OPA 8.2 •Close boundaries in the Atlantic ocean•Free surface parameterization•Asyncrhronously coupled with ECWF analyses or forecasts atmospheric fields

DATA ASSIMILATION SCHEME:

•SOFA: reduced order Optimal Interpolation scheme•Intermittent (24hr) assimilation of:

Satellite SLA Vertical profiles (T & S)Satellite SST

))(( boba XYKXX H1)( RHBHBHK TT

TVUST X

FORECASTFORECASTRELEASERELEASE

SLA

XBT

SST

ECMWF AN

ECMWF FC

J-7J-14 J-5 J-4 J-3 J-2 J-1

Wed

WedThu Fri Sat Sun Mon

Tue Thu Fri Wed Thu Fri

J+1 J+2 J+7 J+8 J+9JWed

Data are disseminated through a Web/ftp service (www.bo.ingv.it/mfstep)

The present day MFS (SYS3) weekly assimilation system

ARGO

Air-sea Physics and SST assimilationAir-Sea physics

•surface solar radiation computed from astronomical formulas - Reed (1977)•net longwave flux formula - Bignami (1995)•sensible and latent heat flux- Kondo (1975)•wind stress calculated from Hellerman and Rosensenstein formula•Water flux: relaxation to monthly mean climatology from MedAtlas

Atmospheric Forcing•6 hours analyses and forecast surface state variables from ECMWF 0.5 x 0.5 degrees: air and dew point temperature, mean sea level pressure, clouds, 10 m winds

SST assimilation

•The net heat flux is corrected by a relaxation (constant coefficient at this point, 20 W/m2/degC) to satellite SST (T*) each model time step with the following formula:

)( *

*

TTT

QQQ

TTcorr

DT evaluation of the basin scale forecast:comparison with indipendent buoy data

Temperature:

VALENCIA ALBORAN

Forecast production and broadcast:

•Every day a 10 days forecast is produced in Real Time (11hr delay)

•Once a week, 15 past days analyses are produced with the assimilation of all available data (SST contribution)

•Every day a Web Bulletin is published (SST contribution)

•Every month an electronic monthly bulletin is released on the web site describing the results of the MFS system for the previous month together with anomalies and climatic indices (SST contribution)

•Every day the model data (& GOS SST data) are available through a dedicated ftp to users

www.bo.ingv.it/mfs

Sub-regional models at 3 km Shelf models at 1-2 km

ESEOO

POSEIDON

MFS disseminate daily forecasts to 11 nested models

Summary of SST Dissemination to Mediterranean Users

• Primary user of SST is the MFS at INGV • National forecasting Systems and MOON operational

system throughout MOON MoU (31 centres)• Research and educational users (> 200)

– Research studies, cruises planning, etc • Commercial Users

– ENI-AGIP, Telespazio • Environmental Agency:

– EEA (SST contribution Climate change report 2008, contribution to the monthly bulletin in discussion)

– UNEP/MAP (draft of the monthly bulletin is already proposed) MoU is in discussion

– Agreement with Italian Meteorological service for use the SST in their broadcast system is under discussion

Conclusion and Future plans • The Satellite Observing System of the Mediterranean Sea provides

NRT, DT, and re-analysis satellite products in agreement with the requirements of the MCS core products

• This system will be the MOON component of the SST-TAC of MCS in the framework of MyOcean

• The CNR processing SST chains will be modified to provide also Black Sea products in accordance with the MyOcean requirements

• In the framework of National Projects (Adricosm & PRIMI):– new multi-sensors UHR SST products will be developed for the Italian

Sea (Adriatic, Sicily Channel, Tyrrhenian Sea at 1 Km resolution)– the new SST products will be assimilation in the Adriatic, Sicily Channel

forecasting models– The SST assimilation scheme will modified to take into account that the

characteristics satellite SST (e. g. restoring coefficient depending on wind intensity & regime, e.g. Artale et al. JGR 2002 )