Kiyoshi Honda(Tianjin University, School of Computer Science and Technology)
Eri Haneishi & Hiroko Kishimoto(Showa University of Music)
1. Roles of Hyoid-Larynx Complex2. Analysis of Jo’s X-ray Pictures
Control of Hyoid-Larynx Complex by Jo Estill
Experiment at Haskins Labs (1981)Electromyography and Hyoid bone tracking
Hyoid bonePosition sensing device
LED
Current
Support
First question: The tongue must apply a mechanical force to the larynx via the hyoid bone.
CT
GHGG
Interaction between pitch control and vowel articulation (Honda & Baer, 1981)
①hyoid bone advancement
②CT-joint rotation③vocal fold elongation
Advancement of the hyoid bone results in cricothyroid joint rotation to stretch the vocal folds.
Presented at 10th Symposium: Care of the Professional Voice
GH
GG
MRI Experiment at ATR (1993)Mechanism of F0 Lowering by Larynx Lowering
262Hz
C7
C2
87Hz
C7
C2
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Repetitions of /a/ with F0 scale from 262 Hz to 87 Hz
262 Hz 87 Hz
(Honda, et al., 1999)
Larynx Movement: Three Subjects
As F0 rises, the hyoid bone moves forward.As F0 falls, the larynx falls along the cervical spine.
Tracings from 12 descending tones (262 → 87 Hz)
cricoidangle
F0 Control by Extrinsic MusclesF0 raising by advancement of the hyoid bone
F0 lowering by lowering of the cricoid cartilage
genioglossus& geniohyoid
The cricoid cartilage falls along the cervical lordosis.
strap muscles
Extrinsic F0 Control by GH and SH ?The hyoid bone advances by GH and lowers by SH.This mechanism must be stabilized by an antagonist muscle to GH (most likely the pharyngeal constrictor).
Sternohyoid (SH)
Geniohyoid (GH)Antagonist ?
New Project for Soprano Voice (2010~)“Mesopharyngeal Ring” observed on S2
S2 at G5
The bulge of the posterior pharyngeal wall is possibly due to forceful contraction of the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle (MPC).
MPC
Three-way Support of Hyoid Bone
GH:Protractor
MPC:Retractor
SH: Depressor
The hyoid-larynx complex is controlled for F0 in speech and singing by three-way support of the hyoid bone with GH, SH, and MPC.
Jo’s Soft X-ray: out of 9 pictures High-dosage X-ray clearly elucidates hyoid-larynx complex.
At Rest
Belting
Opera
Low-Larynx
Image Standardization for ComparisonRotation to horizontal “palatal plane”
The palatal plane is defined as a standard plane by the anterior (ANS) and posterior (PNS) nasal spine.
At RestHyoid bone:
midway between mandible and cervical column
Thyroid cartilage:suspended from
hyoid bone
Cervical column:naturally convex
anterior
Geniohyoid:visible thru x-ray!
OperaHyoid bone: forcefully advanced
Thyroid cartilage:coupled with the
hyoid bone
Cervical column:straightened
Pharynx:post-arytenoid
widening
BeltingHyoid bone: advanced
Thyroid cartilage:tightly coupled
with the hyoid bone
Cervical column:forcefully retracted
Pharynx:constricted
Low-Larynx
Hyoid bone: advanced and
forcefully lowered
Thyroid cartilage:coupled with the
hyoid bone
Cervical column:slightly convex
backward
Summary on Hyoid BoneAdvancement and depression of the hyoid bone to be coupled with the thyroid cartilage in various degrees
At Rest
Belting
Opera
Low-Larynx
