Controlled Source Data Processing User Guide v · Controlled Source Data Processing User Guide...

Controlled SourceData ProcessingUser Guide• TIP Pro• TEM Pro

Version 2.0 July 2010

Controlled Source Data Processing User Guide• TIP Pro• TEM Pro

Version 2.0 July 2010

PHOENIX GEOPHYSICS

Printed in Canada on water resistant Xerox® Polyester Paper.

This User Guide was created in Adobe FrameMaker 7.0. Writing and Production: Stuart Rogers.

Copyright 2010 Phoenix Geophysics Limited.

All rights reserved. No part of this Guide may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Address requests for permission to:

Phoenix Geophysics Limited, 3781 Victoria Park Avenue, Unit 3, Toronto, ON Canada M1W 3K5, or [email protected].

Information in this document is subject to change without notice.

V8 Multi-Function Receiver, V5 System 2000, System2000.net, SSMT2000 and the Phoenix logo are trademarks of Phoenix Geophysics Limited. All other trademarks referred to in this document are the properties of their respective owners.

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Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1About System 2000.net™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2System applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Data storage and processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Time series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Stacked waveforms and stack results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Post processing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

How to get further information and support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Chapter 2: Time Domain IP: TIP Pro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7About TIP Pro. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Starting TIP Pro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Menu commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

File menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Edit menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9View menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Utilities menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Help menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Toolbar buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Toolbar lists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10File types and formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Input files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11Output files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Processing data with TIP Pro . . . . . . . . . . . 12Organizing your files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Identifying instrument type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13Adding data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Checking and editing calculation parameters . . . . . . . . 15

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Expanding truncated column headings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Editing site information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Editing sampling window settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Rejecting outlying data points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Setting a minimum allowable current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Excluding or including sites or channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21DC offset and drift correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Viewing data and results graphically . . . . 23Selecting the type of data to view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Changing the scale and labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Changing the chargeability plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Changing the stacked waveforms plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Changing the all channels waveform plot . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Changing the label format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Saving and exporting your work . . . . . . . . 28Saving the database in TIP Pro format . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Reducing .tip file size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Exporting to other formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Waveform stacks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29Averaged waveform stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Pseudosection files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31Universal sounding format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

Viewing site parameter (.tbl) and stack result files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Chapter 3: Time Domain EM: TEM Pro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35About TEM Pro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Starting TEM Pro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Menu commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

File menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Edit menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37View menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Utilities menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Help menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Toolbar buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Toolbar lists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

File types and formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Input files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39Output files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

Processing data with TEM Pro . . . . . . . . . . 40Organizing your files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Identifying instrument type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41Adding data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Checking and editing calculation parameters . . . . . . . . 43

Expanding truncated column headings . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

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Editing site information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Editing sampling window settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Rejecting outlying data points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Setting a minimum allowable current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Excluding or including sites or channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Viewing data and results graphically . . . . 48Viewing time series data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Selecting the type of data to view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Changing the scale and labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Changing the window decay plot and apparent resistivity plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Changing the label format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Selecting the repeated frequencies to view (MulTEM) . . 51

Saving and exporting your work . . . . . . . . 52Saving the database in TEM Pro format . . . . . . . . . . . 53Exporting to other formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Waveform stacks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53Averaged waveform stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54Cross section files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54Universal sounding format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

Viewing site parameter (.tbl) and stack result files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

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1 Chapter 1 1

Chapter

Introduction

This chapter provides general information on Phoenix Geophysics and the System 2000.net family of instruments, including:

• Phoenix V8 Multifunction Receiver• Phoenix RXU-3E Controlled Source Receiver• Phoenix RXU-TM Transmitter Monitor• Geophysical applications• Data processing• Support

2 Controlled Source Data Processing About System 2000.net™ 2

About System 2000.net™System 2000.net is a family of geophysical instruments comprising the V8™ Multifunction Receiver, the RXU-3E™ Receiver, and the RXU-TM™ Transmitter Monitor. Additional components include the CMU-1™ Current Sensor, the MTC-50™ and AMTC-30™ magnetic sensors, and the V8-EX™ expansion unit and battery pack. System 2000.net is the eighth generation of receiver technology developed by Phoenix since 1975.

Each of the instruments is available in various configurations and can optionally be equipped for wireless communication in the unlicensed Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) frequency band.

The V8 Multifunction Receiver is the heart of the system. It can acquire up to eight channels of data itself, and can incorporate and display data from multiple RXU-3E two- or three-channel receivers and an RXU-TM transmitter monitor as well. The V8 can also remotely control the RXU instruments.

The RXU-3E receivers use the same acquisition and communication hardware and software as the V8, but do not have a display screen. They can be controlled

and monitored using a handheld Palm OS® device.

The system builds upon many of the most attractive features of the highly successful Phoenix V5, V6A, and V5 System 2000, including light weight and permanent synchronization via Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. The full-size ASCII keyboard and full-size, full-colour, sunlight-readable display of the V8 give the operator hands-on control of the entire data acquisition process for all the most common IP and EM geophysical techniques.

When equipped with a V8-EX expansion unit, the V8 can acquire a total of eight channels simultaneously—up to seven electric channels and/or three magnetic channels. The RXU-3E receivers can acquire two or three electric channels.

System 2000.net instruments are synchronized to UTC ±0.2s, and are optimized to operate with transmitters similarly synchronized. The GPS synchronization and

3 Chapter 1 Introduction About System 2000.net™ 3

optional radio communication mean that no cable links are required between the receivers and the transmitter.

The receivers use the same circuit-board stack as the world-leading V5 System 2000 MTU and MTU-A receivers. System 2000.net instruments produce the same time series format for these techniques too, so both systems can be used together in the same MT or AMT survey.

System applications

Geophysicists use System 2000.net for many industrial and scientific applications. EM techniques are valuable in exploration for:

• Oil and gas• Diamonds (kimberlites)• Base and precious metals (as deep as 2000m)• Groundwater• Geothermal reservoirs• Industrial minerals

...and for monitoring, engineering, and pure research applications.

The following EM techniques are available or planned:

• Induced Polarization (IP)• Controlled Source Audiofrequency Magnetotellurics

(CSAMT)• Magnetotellurics (MT, AMT)• All common Time and Frequency Domain

Electromagnetics (TDEM, FDEM)• Resistivity

The system will also be able to record or monitor time series data from any suitable sensor, including geophones.

Data storage and processing

System 2000.net instruments are equipped with removable CompactFlash™ cards (CF cards) as the data storage medium.

4 Controlled Source Data Processing About System 2000.net™ 4

If radio communication is established, the V8 can process and include the data from RXU-3E instruments (including a remote noise reference station) and an RXU-TM Transmitter Monitor. If radio communication is absent or unreliable, the V8 displays only its own results; however, all the instruments save their own data for post-processing, regardless of the radio state.

Time series. In MT and AMT surveys, the entire time series from each channel is stored on the CF card for later transfer to a PC. Processing takes place on the PC using the SSMT2000 program.

Stacked waveforms and stack results. In types of surveys other than MT and AMT, processing occurs in real time and the V8 displays the results in graphical and/or numeric form.

The instruments acquire a “stacked waveform” approximately every 10s (or at least one signal period). From this, the instruments calculate an estimate of several geophysical parameters (e.g., amplitude, phase, resistivity, chargeability). The individual estimates are called “stack results”. Stack results are saved on the CF card; stacked waveforms

can also be saved if desired. (At frequencies <0.1Hz, this amounts to saving the time series.)

When a new stacked waveform is processed, the V8 reprocesses all the accumulated stack results from the same station. The result is an overall estimate of the geophysical parameter and an estimate of its accuracy. If more than four stacked waveforms are available, the V8 uses a robust calculation technique so that a small number of gross errors has a small effect on the statistics.

If transmitter monitor data (from an RXU-TM) is not available, the V8 uses assumed values for current and phase. If transmitter monitor data is available (even delayed by up to five minutes), it is incorporated into the calculations.

Post processing. For post processing on a PC, several programs are available or in development:

• CMT Pro, for CSAMT data• SIP Pro, for SIP data• TEM Pro, for TDEM data• TIP Pro, for TDIP data

5 Chapter 1 Introduction How to get further information and support 5

This User Guide will contain a chapter covering each of the programs as they become available.

How to get further information and supportContact us at:

Phoenix Geophysics Ltd. 3781 Victoria Park AvenueUnit 3Toronto, ON, CanadaM1W 3K5

Telephone: +1 (416) 491-7340Fax: +1 (416) 491-7378e-mail: [email protected]

Web site: www.phoenix-geophysics.com

Customers are encouraged to register for a log-in ID and password on our Web site. After registering, you can use the Contact Us link in your private area of the site to request technical support or report problems.

mailto:[email protected] ?subject=User Guide Question

http://www.phoenix-geophysics.com

6 Controlled Source Data Processing How to get further information and support 6

7 Chapter 2 7

Chapter

Time Domain IP: TIP Pro

This chapter explains the use of the TIP Pro program to process data acquired with the Time Domain Induced Polarization method.

8 Controlled Source Data Processing About TIP Pro 8

About TIP ProTIP Pro is a Windows-based program that displays and processes TDIP data acquired by System 2000.net instruments.

With TIP Pro, you can view in graphical form the time series data, stacked waveforms, and chargeability calculated by the program. You can save your work in native TIP Pro format (.tip) as well as export it in Universal Sounding Format (.usf). You can also export pseudosection (.dat) files containing apparent resistivity and Newmont Chargeability calculations.

TIP Pro also includes utility features for checking and editing setup information, and for exporting various data files in text-only format.

For convenience and simplicity, the design of the TIP Pro interface is very similar to that of other Phoenix controlled-source data processing programs such as SIP Pro and CMT Pro. If you are familiar with any of these programs, you will find the others easy to learn.

Starting TIP Pro

Start TIP Pro as you would any Windows-based program: either double-click a desktop shortcut, or launch the program from the Start menu.

The program main window appears with an untitled database. (See Fig. 2-1 on page 9.)

Menu commands

Commands in TIP Pro are available on five menus:

• File• Edit• View• Utilities• Help

This section explains the use of the five menus. The most commonly used menu items are also available as buttons on the Toolbar, explained later in this chapter.

9 Chapter 2 TIP Pro About TIP Pro 9

Fig. 2-1: TIP Pro main window at startup.

File menu. Use the commands on the File menu to add data to the database, save the database, export data to other formats, and re-open recently used files.

Edit menu. Use the commands on the Edit menu to check and edit site and calculation parameters such as

site co-ordinates, array type, sampling window settings, and so on.

View menu. Use the commands on the View menu to change the graphical display by choosing log or linear scales, maximum and minimum values, axis label style, and so on. You can also use this menu to show or hide the toolbar and the status bar.

Utilities menu. Use the commands on the Utilities menu to convert binary-format Table (.tbl) and Stack Result (.trs) files to human-readable text files.

Help menu. Use the About command on the Help menu to learn the version number of the program and to find contact information for Phoenix Technical Support.

Toolbar buttons

Below the menu bar is the toolbar, which contains a series of buttons for the most commonly used commands.

10 Controlled Source Data Processing About TIP Pro 10

Toolbar lists

The toolbar also contains three lists from which you can choose to display:

• the type of Data (raw time series, stacked waveforms, or calculated chargeability)

• the Site• the Channel

The lists appear to the right of the right-most button on the toolbar. (See Fig. 2-2.) The content of the Site and Channel lists vary according to your site names and number of channels recorded.

Fig. 2-2: The Data, Site, and Channel lists on the toolbar.

File types and formats

System 2000.net instruments may produce a number of files in the course of recording data. The number and type of files depends on the instrument settings and the number of times recording is paused in Standby mode.

TIP Pro can produce several output file types also, depending on whether you save, export, or convert data or results.

Button Command

Open existing database (.tip) file.

Save database (.tip) file.

Add TDIP data files and/or time series files to database.

Edit and check parameters.

Edit plot parameters.

(Reserved for future use.)

Show previous time series segment.

Show next time series segment.

11 Chapter 2 TIP Pro About TIP Pro 11

Input files. The file types used by TIP Pro are listed below. File names begin with the four-digit instrument serial number, followed by a code indicating the date and the order of repeated soundings.

• Table (.tbl) files. A table file containing all the instrument parameters is created each time the instrument mode is changed from Record to Standby or Setup mode. (Table files named Startup or named using only the instrument serial number contain similar information, but are not used in data processing.)

• Time Series (.tss) files. These files contain the raw data acquired during each period of Record mode. The instrument must have Waveform file log enabled in order to save time series files. If you import time series files into TIP Pro, you will be able to experiment with sampling window parameters different from those that were used during acquisition.

• Stack Result (.trs) files. These files contain the stacked waveforms as calculated by the instrument during recording. The instrument must have Stack result file log enabled in order to save stack result

files. The content of stack result files is dependent on the sampling window settings that were in effect during acquisition.

Output files. The file types that may be created by TIP Pro are:

• TIP Pro database (.tip) files. These files contain the entire database, program settings, and calculated results as they exist when you choose Save or Save As from the File menu.

• Stack (.stk) files. These files, created by the Dump Stack File(s) command on the File menu, are plain text files containing the signal amplitude measured at each time window for all data samples and channels in the database.

• Average (.avg) files. These files, created by the Output AVG File(s) command on the File menu, are plain text files containing calculated chargeability with standard deviation for each time window in the samples of each channel.

• Pseudosection (.dat) files. These files, created by the Output Pseudosection File command on the File menu, contain calculated pseudosection data

12 Controlled Source Data Processing Processing data with TIP Pro 12

such as apparent resistivity, Newmont chargeability, and chargeability for each sampling window.

• Universal Sounding Format (.usf) files. These files, created by the Export to Universal Sounding Format (*.USF) command on the File menu, are plain text files for interchange with other processing software.

• Comma-separated Values (.csv) files. These files are created by the Convert Time Domain Stack Result File(s) to ASCII File(s) command on the Utilities menu. They can be opened by any spreadsheet or text-processing program, and contain the measured field in volts. These files are used for program debugging and troubleshooting.

• Text (.txt) files. These files are created by the Convert Tbl File(s) to ASCII File(s) command on the Utilities menu, and can be opened with any text-processing program. These files contain the complete list of parameter codes and values, and are used for troubleshooting. Note, however, that Phoenix Technical Support usually requests a copy of the .tbl file itself, not the ASCII conversion.

Processing data with TIP ProThis section describes how to organize your files to make it easy to import data into the TIP Pro database for processing editing, display, and export.

Organizing your files

As described earlier, TIP Pro accepts three types of input files: table (.tbl) files, time series (.tss) files, and stack result (.trs) files. Table files must be available, because they contain important information concerning the instrument state during acquisition. Stack result files must be available, because they are used by the program to identify the table files and optionally the time series files to import. Time series files are optional, but required if you want to recalculate results based on different sampling window parameters.

In order to be able to import these files into TIP Pro, organize your files so that the stack result and time series files (if they exist) are in the same folder as the associated table files.

13 Chapter 2 TIP Pro Processing data with TIP Pro 13

Identifying instrument type. TIP Pro must be able to match the data files with the type of instrument (V8, RXU, or RXU-TM) that recorded them. For this reason, you may find it helpful to group your files in subfolders according to instrument type.

If you have used many different instruments in the survey, there will be many files identified by their serial number prefix. If you do not have a list of instrument types and associated serial numbers, follow this procedure to make such a list:

To identify instrument type:

1. Open the folder containing your data files.

2. If the files are not listed with full details, select Details from the View menu.

3. Sort the files by clicking the Type column heading.

4. Double-click each .tbl file in turn to open it in TblEditor.

5. From the Help menu of TblEditor, click About TblEdit and then read the Hardware Configuration to identify the instrument type. (See Fig. 2-3.)

Fig. 2-3: The instrument type appears in the Hardware Configuration box.

6. Close TblEditor.

Adding data

Before adding data to the TIP Pro database, ensure that your files and folders are properly organized as described earlier.

Any number of data files can be added to the database.


To add data to the database:

1. From the File menu, click Add TDIP Data, or click

on the toolbar.

The Add TDIP Data dialog box appears. (See Fig. 2-4.)

Fig. 2-4: The Add TDIP Data dialog box.

2. If you want to add only stack result files and not time series files too, clear the Add time series check box.

3. Click Add V8 File(s).

A standard Windows Open File dialog box appears.

4. Browse to the folder containing the data files acquired by V8 instruments.

5. Select the file(s) you want to add. (To add multiple files, hold down SHIFT or CRTL while clicking the file names.)

6. Click Open.

Information from the selected files appears in the Add TDIP Data dialog box. (See Fig. 2-5 on page 15.)


Fig. 2-5: V8 files added to the database.

7. Click Add Tx File(s) and repeat steps 5 and 6.

8. Click Add Aux File(s) and repeat steps 5 and 6.

9. If you want the program to remember the folder location of data for each instrument type, select Add data from previous folder.

10.Click OK.

The Add TDIP Data dialog box closes, and the main window displays the chargeability plot of the first channel. (See Fig. 2-6.)

Fig. 2-6: Chargeability display after adding data files.

Checking and editing calculation parameters

The calculation parameters as set up in the field may be satisfactory as they are, but in many cases you will


want to add or change information. For example, the project details such as the survey area and the operator names may not have been recorded in the field. You can edit these parameters using TIP Pro.

You may also want to experiment with different sampling window characteristics, or you may want to exclude data points that are far from the calculated average. This section explains how to make these changes.

To begin editing calculation parameters:

• From the Edit menu, click Check and Edit

Parameters, or click on the toolbar.

The Edit TDIP Calculation Parameters dialog box appears. (See Fig. 2-7.)

The Edit TDIP Calculation Parameters dialog box contains two spreadsheets. The upper spreadsheet lists the survey sites added to the database, as defined by the V8 instrument. The lower spreadsheet lists the channels associated with each of the instruments used (V8, RXU-3E, RXU-TM).

The spreadsheets may contain more information than can be shown on one screen. Use the horizontal and vertical scrollbars to see the rest of the information. (See Fig. 2-8 on page 17.)

Fig. 2-7: The Edit TDIP Calculation Parameters dialog box.


Fig. 2-8: The horizontal scroll bar reveals hidden columns.

Expanding truncated column headings. Some of the column headings in the spreadsheets are truncated, indicated by an ellipsis (…). To see the full heading, double-click the right border of the cell containing the heading. You can also drag the right border of any heading cell to change the width of its column.

Truncated column headings also appear as a tool tip when the mouse pointer passes over them. (See Fig. 2-9.)

Fig. 2-9: Truncated column heading expanded as a tool tip.

Editing site information. Site information includes text parameters such as the project name, survey area, operator name(s), and comments. Other parameters are numerical—elevation, latitude, and longitude of the site; north reference and declination; local power grid frequency; and averaged current.

To edit site information:

1. In the Setup Information area, select the file name of the site you want to edit.

2. Click Edit Site Information.


The Site Information dialog box appears. (See Fig. 2-10.)

3. Use the mouse or the TAB key to select the contents of text boxes, and type the new infor-mation. In the case of the Array type or North reference, select the correct value from the list.

4. When you are satisfied with the edits, click OK to return to the Edit TDIP Calculation Parameters dialog box.

Fig. 2-10: The Site Information dialog box.

Editing sampling window settings. You may want to recalculate your results based on different numbers or sizes of sampling windows. In order to be able to do

this recalculation, you must have recorded the time series and you must have added the time series files to the TIP Pro database. See “Adding data” on page 13.

You can edit one site at a time, or you can apply the changes to all the sites in the database. (The default action is to apply changes to all sites.)

You can specify the number of windows, start time of the first window, and end time of the last window, and have the program calculate the times of all the other windows.

Alternatively, you can have the program calculate window start times and widths based on the power line period in the area. For example, if the power line frequency is 50Hz, then the period is 20ms, and the program can calculate window widths of 20ms, 40ms, 60ms, and so on.

You can also easily revert to the program default values.


To edit window settings:

1. If you want to edit only one site, select its file name in the Setup Information area. (See Fig. 2-11.)

Fig. 2-11: Click the file name to select it.

2. Click Edit Window Settings.

The Window Settings dialog box appears. (See Fig. 2-12.)

Fig. 2-12: The Window Settings dialog box.


3. If you want to set specific window parameters yourself, then edit any of the values of:

• Frequency (Period) (not available if only one frequency was recorded)

• Number of windows (minimum 5, maximum 21)

• Start of windows (that is, start time of the first window)

• End of windows (that is, end time of the last window)

and click Calculate Windows.

The Window List displays the new window start times and lengths.

4. If you want to base window times and widths on the local power line period, select Set window widths to integer multiple of power line period and click Calculate Windows.

The Window List displays the new window start times and lengths.

5. If you want to revert to program defaults, click Set Default Windows.

The Window List displays the default window start times and lengths.

6. If you want to apply the edited values to only the site selected in step 1, clear the Apply settings to all sites check box.

7. When you are satisfied with the edits, click OK to return to the Edit TDIP Calculation Parameters dialog box.

Rejecting outlying data points. In order to improve data quality, especially in noisy areas, you can exclude a percentage of data points from the calculation of averages. The amount of data rejected is represented as a value between 0.0 and 1.0, where 0.0 rejects no data and 1.0 rejects all data. As a starting point, the program is set to a value of 0.5, which means that half the data (the lowest one-quarter and the highest one-quarter) will be rejected.

If your survey was in a noisy area, you may get better results by increasing the value to reject more outlying


values. If your survey was in an electrically quiet area, you may get better results by decreasing the value to include more data.

To change the ratio of rejected data:

1. In the Setup Information spreadsheet, select the Rejected ratio for average calculation cell of the site you want to edit.

2. Type a new value between 0.0 and 1.0.

3. To cancel the change, press the ESC key; to accept the change, either select another cell or press Enter.

Setting a minimum allowable current. It is common during survey work for the transmitter to be turned off or transmitting at very low current while instruments are still recording. This situation results in invalid or poor quality samples.

To reject these samples from the calculation, you can set a minimum level of current that must have been transmitted. Samples taken when current was below the minimum will be rejected.

A value of 0.5A is a good starting point, as it eliminates data collected when transmitter current was very low or zero.

To set the current limit:

1. In the Setup Information spreadsheet, select the Current Limit cell of the site you want to edit.

2. Type a new value and press Enter.

Excluding or including sites or channels. When you add a site to the database, the site and all its associated channels are selected for inclusion in the calculations. You can exclude sites or channels from the calculations without removing them from the database.

To exclude sites or channels:

• In the Selected column of the site or channel you want to exclude, double-click the cell containing the check mark.

The check mark is replaced by a red-circled X.


To restore sites or channels:

• In the Selected column of the site or channel you want to include in the calculations, double-click the cell containing the red-circled X.

The red-circled X is replaced by a check mark.

DC offset and drift correction. Static DC offset is automatically removed in TIP Pro by averaging windows from positive and negative pulses. However, naturally occurring telluric signals can cause a slow change or “drift” of DC offset over time. TIP Pro can detect this drift by comparing consecutive off-time measurements, and can remove the effect on the data. (See Fig. 2-13.)

Fig. 2-13: Drift, uncorrected (blue points) and corrected (red points).

Drift correction is enabled by default. In the Drift Correct column of the Setup Information spreadsheet, a check mark indicates that drift correction is enabled. A red-circled X indicates drift correction is disabled. (See Fig. 2-14.)

23 Chapter 2 TIP Pro Viewing data and results graphically 23

To control drift correction:

• In the Drift Correct column of the Setup Information spreadsheet, double-click the cells to enable or disable drift correction.

Fig. 2-14: DC offset drift correction.

Viewing data and results graphicallyWhen you close the Add TDIP Data dialog box after adding sites to the database, the program displays the chargeability plot for the first channel of the first site in

the database. You can choose instead to view the averaged stacked waveform of that channel, or the time series waveforms of all channels. You can select a different site or channel, and you can change the scale and appearance of the plot. This section explains how.

Selecting the type of data to view

You can view either the calculated chargeability or averaged stacked waveforms of a single channel, or you can view the time series waveforms of all channels of one site.

To select a site and a channel:

1. Select a site from the Site list on the toolbar. (If the site you want to view is not listed, make sure that it appears in the Edit TDIP Calculation Parameters dialog box and that a check mark appears in the Selected column.)

2. Select a channel from the Channel list on the toolbar. (If the channel you want to view is not listed, make sure that it appears in the Edit TDIP

24 Controlled Source Data Processing Viewing data and results graphically 24

Calculation Parameters dialog box and that a check mark appears in the Selected column.)

To view chargeability, averaged stacked waveforms, or time series waveforms:

1. From the Data list on the toolbar, select the data type you want to view.

2. If you selected All Channels Waveform, use the left and right arrows on the toolbar to move back and forth through the time series. (For another way to change your position in the time series, see page 27.)

Changing the scale and labelsYou can change the appearance of the data plots in several ways. You can expand or contract the horizontal and vertical scales and make them linear or logarithmic. You can increase or reduce the number of grid lines for each axis, and you can change the numeric format of the labels.

The Plot Parameters dialog box contains the controls for making these changes.

To open the Plot Parameters dialog box:

• From the View menu, click Set Plot Parameters,

or click on the toolbar.

The Plot Parameters dialog box appears. (See Fig. 2-15.)

The Plot Parameters dialog box is divided into four areas. The top three areas correspond to the three data types:

• Chargeability• Averaged Stacked Waveform• All Channels Waveform

The fourth area controls the tick mark labels on the plots.

Changing the chargeability plot.

To change the chargeability horizontal scale:

1. In the Chargeability area of the Plot Parameters dialog box, change the value of Min time (ms) to


the earliest time (in milliseconds) that you want to see on the plot.

Fig. 2-15: The Plot Parameters dialog box.

2. Change the value of Max time (ms) to the latest time (in milliseconds) that you want to see on the plot.

3. If you want the horizontal scale to be linear, clear the Log time check box; if you want the scale to be logarithmic, select Log time.

4. If you want more or fewer vertical grid lines, edit the number of Time axis grids.

To change the chargeability vertical scale:

1. In the Plot Parameters dialog box, change the value of Min chargeability (mV/V) to the minimum value (in millivolts per volt) that you want to see on the plot.

2. Change the value of Max chargeability (mV/V) to the maximum value that you want to see on the plot.

3. If you want the vertical scale to be linear, clear the Log chargeability check box; if you want the scale to be logarithmic, select Log chargeability.

4. If you want more or fewer horizontal grid lines, edit the number of Chg axis grids.


Changing the stacked waveforms plot. The stacked waveforms plot uses the transmitter turn-off time as the horizontal axis origin. When changing the horizontal axis, use negative numbers for times prior to the turn-off time and positive numbers for times after the turn-off time.

To optimize the stacked waveforms horizontal scale:

1. Divide the period in milliseconds of the transmitted frequency by 4.

2. In the Stacked Waveform area of the Plot Parameters dialog box, change the value of Max time (ms) to slightly more than the value you calculated in step 1.

3. Change the value of Min time (ms) to the negative of Max time (ms).


To change the stacked waveforms vertical scale:

1. For the transmitter channel, change Min current (A) to the minimum transmitted current (in amperes) that you want to see. Change Max current (A) to the maximum transmitted current that you want to see.

2. For receiver channels, change Min voltage (mV) to the minimum measured voltage (in millivolts) that you want to see. Change Max voltage (mV) to the maximum measured voltage that you want to see.

3. If you want more or fewer horizontal grid lines, edit the number of Amplitude axis grids.

Changing the all channels waveform plot.

The All Channels Waveform default plot uses an auto-scaling algorithm to ensure that all the waveforms are visible. However, you can disable auto scaling and change the zoom setting manually. You can also remove DC offset if it is present in the data.

As you scroll forward and backward through the time series using the left and right arrow buttons on the


toolbar, the program keeps track of which segment you are viewing, counting from zero (the earliest) to the end of your data. You can learn what segment is currently displayed, and you can specify a different segment of the time series to display.

To disable auto scaling and set zoom manually:

1. In the All Channels Waveform area of the Plot Parameters dialog box, clear the Auto scaling check box.

2. Type a new integer value for Tx channel zoom factor and/or E channel zoom factor.

To remove or restore DC offset:

• In the Stacked Waveform area of the Plot Parameters dialog box, select or clear the Remove DC offset check box.

To view or change your position in the time series:

• In the Stacked Waveform area of the Plot Parameters dialog box, note the Current Ts

segment number. If you want to display a different segment, type its number in the box. (The earliest segment is numbered “0”.)

Changing the label format. The default axis labels for Chargeability and Stacked Waveforms plots use integer values for time and a suitable number of decimal places for amplitude. However, you can choose to display more or less precision.

The All Channels Waveform labels cannot be changed.

To change the axis labels format:

1. In the Label Format area of the Plot Parameters dialog box, select the type of display you want:

• Integer, for no decimal places

• Float, for scientific notation

• Fixed, for the number of decimal places you specify in the Fixed digit number box.

2. If you want to revert to automatic labels, select Default.

28 Controlled Source Data Processing Saving and exporting your work 28

Saving and exporting your workYou can save the database and the processed data in native TIP Pro format or you can export to other formats. If you use native TIP Pro format, you can save multiple versions of the processed data by using different file names.

Saving the database in TIP Pro format

The native file format in TIP Pro contains the entire database, including processed results and raw time series (if you added them). The file extension is .tip.

To save in TIP Pro format:

1. From the File menu, select Save or Save As.

A standard Windows Save dialog box appears.

2. Browse to the folder in which you want to save the database, give the file a name, and click Save.

Reducing .tip file size

If you are sharing your database over a network or sending results electronically, you may want to reduce the file size first. You can accomplish this by removing the time series or stacked waveforms from the database, retaining only the processed data.

You can remove the time series or stacked waveforms for only specific sites, or for all the sites in the database.

To reduce .tip file size:

1. If you want to clear the data from a specific site, choose it from the Site list on the toolbar. This site will be the Current Site referred to in the next step.

2. From the Edit menu, select one of the Clear commands:

• Clear All Sites Time Series

• Clear All Sites Stack

• Clear Current Site Time Series

• Clear Current Site Stack

29 Chapter 2 TIP Pro Saving and exporting your work 29

3. Repeat this procedure if necessary to remove the data from other specific sites.

4. From the File menu, select Save or Save As as described earlier.

Exporting to other formats

TIP Pro can export data in several ways:

• waveform stacks (.stk)• averaged waveform stacks (.avg)• pseudosection format (.dat)• universal sounding format (.usf)

The exported data appears in plain ASCII text in these files, so any of them can be viewed in Notepad or a text editor. Pseudosection and universal sounding format files are intended for use by interpretation software.

Waveform stacks. A waveform stack file has the extension .stk. The file lists in plain text the signal amplitude measured at each time window for all data samples and channels. (See Fig. 2-16.)

Fig. 2-16: Example of a waveform stack (.stk) file.

To export waveform stacks:

1. From the File menu, select Dump Stack File(s).

2. In the standard Windows dialog box that appears, browse to the folder where you want the output files to be saved, and click OK.

A .stk file for each site in the database is created in the selected output folder.


You can view the .stk files in Notepad or any other text processing program.

Averaged waveform stacks. An averaged waveform stack file has the extension .avg. The file contains in plain text a header showing the site setup information, the channel assignments, and the sample window times and sizes. (See Fig. 2-17.)

This information is followed by the body of the file showing the results of data processing for each channel:

• VP (primary field) in millivolts, with standard deviation

• resistivity in ohm-m, with standard deviation• NmtM (Newmont chargeability) in millivolts per

volt, with standard deviation• for each time window, the Newmont chargeability,

with standard deviation

(See Fig. 2-18 on page 31.)

Fig. 2-17: Example of an averaged waveform stack (.avg) file header.

To export an averaged waveform stack file:

1. From the File menu, select Output AVG File(s).

31 Chapter 2 TIP Pro Saving and exporting your work 31


An .avg file for each site in the database is created in the selected output folder.

Pseudosection files. A pseudosection file has the extension .dat. The file contains a table of values for resistivity and chargeability, and optionally the amplitudes measured at one or more time windows. (See Fig. 2-19 on page 32.)

Fig. 2-18: Example of the body of an averaged waveform stack (.avg) file.


Fig. 2-19: Example of a pseudosection (.dat) file.

To export a pseudosection file:

1. From the File menu, select Export Pseudosection File.

The Output Pseudosection dialog box appears.

2. Browse to the folder where you want the output file to be saved.

3. In the lower left of the dialog box, select the check boxes for the elements you want to include in the output file.

4. If your database includes more than one survey line, select the line from the Line to output list.

5. If you recorded more than one frequency, select one from the Period (sec) list.

6. Click Save.

A .dat file for the selected line is created in the selected output folder.

Universal sounding format. A universal sounding format file has the extension .usf. The file adheres to the specification proposed by Interpex Limited, available on the Internet at http://interpex.com/universalSoundingFormat.PDF (link valid as of July 2010.)


http://interpex.com/universalSoundingFormat.PDF

33 Chapter 2 TIP Pro Viewing site parameter (.tbl) and stack result files 33

Fig. 2-20: Example of a universal sounding format (.usf) file.

To export a universal sounding format file:

1. From the File menu, select Export to Universal Sounding Format (*.USF).

The Output USF File dialog box appears.


3. In the lower left of the dialog box, select the check boxes for the elements you want to include in the output file.

4. If your database includes more than one survey line, select the line from the Line to output list.

5. If you recorded more than one frequency, select one from the Period (sec) list.

6. Click Save.

A .usf file for the selected line is created in the selected output folder.

Viewing site parameter (.tbl) and stack result filesTIP Pro includes two commands on the Utilities menu that can be helpful when working with Phoenix Technical Support to troubleshoot a problem.

34 Controlled Source Data ProcessingViewing site parameter (.tbl) and stack result

The two commands simply convert binary table (.tbl) files into text files and stack result (.trs) files into comma-separated values files.

To convert table files to text:

1. From the Utilities menu, select Convert Tbl File(s) to ASCII File(s).

A standard Windows Open file dialog box appears.

2. Browse to the folder containing the table file(s) you want to convert.

3. Select one or more .tbl files and click Open.

A .txt file with the same name is created for each selected .tbl file.

4. If you want to view the resulting files, browse to the output folder and double-click the .txt files to open them in Notepad.

To convert stack result files to comma-separated values files:

1. From the Utilities menu, select Convert Time Domain Stack Result File(s) to ASCII File(s).


2. Browse to the folder containing the .trs file(s) you want to convert.

3. Select one or more .trs files and click Open.

A .csv file with the same name is created for each selected .trs file.

4. If you want to view the resulting files, browse to the output folder and double-click the .csv files to open them in your preferred spreadsheet program.

35 Chapter 3 35

Chapter

Time Domain EM: TEM Pro

This chapter explains the use of the TEM Pro program to process data acquired with the Time Domain EM method.

36 Controlled Source Data Processing About TEM Pro 36

About TEM ProTEM Pro is a Windows-based program that displays and processes TDEM (MulTEM, FasTEM, and LOTEM) data acquired by System 2000.net instruments.

With TEM Pro, you can view in graphical form the time series data, stacked waveforms, and resistivity calculated by the program. You can save your work in native TEM Pro format (.tem) as well as export it in Universal Sounding Format (.usf). You can also export cross-section (.sec) files and UTEM (.utm) files.

TEM Pro also includes utility features for checking and editing setup information, and for exporting various data files in text-only format.

For convenience and simplicity, the design of the TEM Pro interface is very similar to that of other Phoenix controlled-source data processing programs such as TIP Pro and CMT Pro. If you are familiar with any of these programs, you will find the others easy to learn.

Starting TEM Pro

Start TEM Pro as you would any Windows-based program: either double-click a desktop shortcut, or launch the program from the Start menu.

The program main window appears with an untitled database. (See Fig. 3-1 on page 37.)

Menu commands

Commands in TEM Pro are available on five menus:

• File• Edit• View• Utilities• Help

This section explains the use of the five menus. The most commonly used menu items are also available as buttons on the Toolbar, explained later in this chapter.

37 Chapter 3 TEM Pro About TEM Pro 37

Fig. 3-1: TEM Pro main window at startup.

File menu. Use the commands on the File menu to add data to the database, save the database, export data to other formats, and re-open recently used files.

Edit menu. Use the commands on the Edit menu to check and edit site and calculation parameters such as site co-ordinates, transmitter ramp time, display of repeated frequencies in MulTEM, and so on.

View menu. Use the commands on the View menu to change the graphical display by choosing log or linear scales, maximum and minimum values, axis label style, and so on. You can also use this menu to show or hide the toolbar and the status bar.

Utilities menu. Use the commands on the Utilities menu to convert binary-format Table (.tbl) and Stack Result (.trs) files to human-readable text files.

Help menu. Use the About command on the Help menu to learn the version number of the program and to find contact information for Phoenix Technical Support.

Toolbar buttons

Below the menu bar is the toolbar, which contains a series of buttons for the most commonly used commands.

38 Controlled Source Data Processing About TEM Pro 38

Toolbar lists

The toolbar also contains three lists from which you can choose to display:

• the type of data (window decay curve, stacked waveforms, or calculated resistivity)

• the Site• the Channel

The lists appear to the right of the right-most button on the toolbar. (See Fig. 3-2.) The content of the Site and Channel lists vary according to your site names and number of channels recorded.

Fig. 3-2: The Data, Site, and Channel lists on the toolbar.

File types and formats

System 2000.net instruments may produce a number of files in the course of recording data. The number and type of files depends on the instrument settings and the number of times recording is paused in Standby mode.

Button Command

Open existing database (.tem) file.

Save database (.tem) file.

Add TDEM data files to database.

Edit and check parameters.

Edit plot parameters.

(Reserved for future use.)

(Not used in TEM Pro.)

(Not used in TEM Pro.)

39 Chapter 3 TEM Pro About TEM Pro 39

TEM Pro can produce several output file types also, depending on whether you save, export, or convert data or results.

Input files. The file types used by TEM Pro are listed below. File names begin with the four-digit instrument serial number, followed by a code indicating the date and the order of repeated soundings.

Note TEM Pro can accept either processed results or unprocessed data as input. However, as of May 1, 2010, the V8 delivers enhanced processed results that are not available from the existing algorithms in TEM Pro. Therefore, it is important to add to the TEM Pro database only processed results, not unprocessed data. Otherwise, TEM Pro recalculates the results using the older algorithms. When adding TDEM data, ensure that the Add time series checkbox is cleared.

• Table (.tbl) files. A table file containing all the instrument parameters is created each time the instrument mode is changed from Record to Standby or Setup mode. (Table files named Startup or named using only the instrument serial number contain similar information, but are not used in data processing.)

• Time Series (.tss) files. As explained in the Note on this page, recent enhancements to instrument firmware make raw time series files unsuitable for reprocessing in TEM Pro.

• Stack Result (.trs) files. These files contain the stacked waveforms as calculated by the instrument during recording. The instrument must have Stack result file log enabled in order to save stack result files. The content of stack result files is dependent on the sampling window settings that were in effect during acquisition.

Output files. The file types that may be created by TEM Pro are:

• TEM Pro database (.tem) files. These files contain the entire database, program settings, and calculated results as they exist when you choose Save or Save As from the File menu.

• Stack (.stk) files. These files, created by the Dump Stack File(s) command on the File menu, are plain text files containing the signal amplitude measured at each time window for all data samples and channels in the database.

40 Controlled Source Data Processing Processing data with TEM Pro 40

• Average (.avg) files. These files, created by the Output AVG File(s) command on the File menu, are plain text files containing calculated resistivity with standard deviation for each time window in the samples of each channel.

• Cross section (.sec) files. These files, created by the Output Cross Section command on the File menu, contain calculated resistivities with position information versus time or Bostick depth.

• Universal Sounding Format (.usf) files. These files, created by the Export to Universal Sounding Format (*.USF) command on the File menu, are plain text files for interchange with other processing software such as WinGLink or IxIDV3.

• University of Toronto Electromagnetic system (.utm) files. These binary files are created by the Export to YUTEM Format (*.UTM) command on the File menu.

• Comma-separated Values (.csv) files. These files are created by the Convert Time Domain Stack Result File(s) to ASCII File(s) command on the Utilities menu. They can be opened by any spreadsheet or text-processing program, and

contain the measured field in volts. These files are used for program debugging and troubleshooting.

• Text (.txt) files. These files are created by the Convert Tbl File(s) to ASCII File(s) command on the Utilities menu, and can be opened with any text-processing program. These files contain the complete list of parameter codes and values, and are used for troubleshooting. Note, however, that Phoenix Technical Support usually requests a copy of the .tbl file itself, not the ASCII conversion.

Processing data with TEM ProThis section describes how to organize your files to make it easy to import data into the TEM Pro database for processing editing, display, and export.

Organizing your files

As described earlier, TEM Pro accepts three types of input files: table (.tbl) files, time series (.tss) files, and

41 Chapter 3 TEM Pro Processing data with TEM Pro 41

stack result (.trs) files. (Time series files should no longer be imported, however; see the Note on page 39.) Table files must be available, because they contain important information concerning the instrument state during acquisition. Stack result files must be available, because they are used by the program to identify the table files to import.

In order to be able to import these files into TEM Pro, organize your files so that the stack result files are in the same folder as the associated table files.

Identifying instrument type. TEM Pro must be able to match the data files with the type of instrument (V8, RXU, or RXU-TM) that recorded them. For this reason, you may find it helpful to group your files in subfolders according to instrument type.

If you have used many different instruments in the survey, there will be many files identified by their serial number prefix. If you do not have a list of instrument types and associated serial numbers, follow this procedure to make such a list:

To identify instrument type:

1. Open the folder containing your data files.

2. If the files are not listed with full details, select Details from the View menu.

3. Sort the files by clicking the Type column heading.

4. Double-click each .tbl file in turn to open it in TblEditor.

5. From the Help menu of TblEditor, click About TblEdit and then read the Hardware Configu-ration to identify the instrument type. (See Fig. 3-3.)

The hardware configuration codes begin with these characters:

• RX3, indicating an RXU-3E(R) (not used in TDEM)

• V86, indicating a V8-6(R)

• RXTXM, indicating an RXU-TM(R)


Fig. 3-3: The instrument type appears in the Hardware Configuration box.

6. Close TblEditor.

Adding data

Before adding data to the TEM Pro database, ensure that your files and folders are properly organized as described earlier.

Any number of data files can be added to the database.

To add data to the database:

1. From the File menu, click Add TDEM Data, or click

on the toolbar.

The Add TDEM Data dialog box appears. (See Fig. 3-4.)

Fig. 3-4: The Add TDEM Data dialog box.

2. Clear the Add time series check box.


3. Click Add V8 File(s).

A standard Windows Open File dialog box appears.

4. Browse to the folder containing the data files acquired by V8 instruments.

5. Select the file(s) you want to add. (To add multiple files, hold down SHIFT or CRTL while clicking the file names.)

6. Click Open.

Information from the selected files appears in the Add TDEM Data dialog box. (See Fig. 3-5.)

7. If there was no radio communication between the V8 and the RXU-TMR during acquisition, click Add Tx File(s) and repeat steps 5 and 6 to add RXU-TMR files. (If there was radio communication during acquisition, the V8 data already contains the RXU-TMR data; skip this step.)

8. Click OK.

The Add TDEM Data dialog box closes, and the main window displays the plot of the first channel.

Fig. 3-5: V8 files added to the database.

Checking and editing calculation parameters

The calculation parameters as set up in the field may be satisfactory as they are, but in many cases you will want to add or change information. For example, the project details such as the survey area and the


operator names may not have been recorded in the field. You can edit these parameters using TEM Pro.

You may also want to exclude data points that are far from the calculated average. This section explains how to make these changes.

To begin editing calculation parameters:

• From the Edit menu, click Check and Edit


The Edit TDEM Calculation Parameters dialog box appears. (See Fig. 3-6.)

The Edit TDEM Calculation Parameters dialog box contains two spreadsheets. The upper spreadsheet lists the survey sites added to the database, as defined by the V8 instrument. The lower spreadsheet lists the channels associated with each of the instruments used (V8, RXU-3E, RXU-TM).

The spreadsheets may contain more information than can be shown on one screen. Use the horizontal and

vertical scrollbars to see the rest of the information. (See Fig. 3-7 on page 45.)

Fig. 3-6: The Edit TDEM Calculation Parameters dialog box.


Fig. 3-7: The horizontal scroll bar reveals hidden columns.

Expanding truncated column headings. Some of the column headings in the spreadsheets are truncated, indicated by an ellipsis (…). To see the full heading, double-click the right border of the cell containing the heading. You can also drag the right border of any heading cell to change the width of its column.

Truncated column headings also appear as a tool tip when the mouse pointer passes over them. (See Fig. 3-8.)

Fig. 3-8: Truncated column heading expanded as a tool tip.

Editing site information. Site information includes text parameters such as the project name, survey area, operator name(s), and comments. Other parameters are numerical—elevation, latitude, and longitude of the site; north reference and declination; local power grid frequency; and averaged current.

To edit site information:

1. In the Setup Information area, select the file name of the site you want to edit.

2. Click Edit Setup Information.

The Setup Information dialog box appears. (See Fig. 3-9.)

3. Use the mouse or the TAB key to select the contents of text boxes, and type the new infor-


mation. In the case of the Array type or North reference, select the correct value from the list.

4. When you are satisfied with the edits, click OK to return to the Edit TDEM Calculation Parameters dialog box.

Fig. 3-9: The Setup Information dialog box.

Editing sampling window settings. As explained in the Note on page 39, time series data should no longer be imported into TEM Pro. Therefore, the sampling window settings feature is no longer used.

Rejecting outlying data points. In order to improve data quality, especially in noisy areas, you can exclude a percentage of data points from the calculation of averages. The amount of data rejected is represented as a value between 0.0 and 1.0, where 0.0 rejects no data and 1.0 rejects all data. As a starting point, the program is set to a value of 0.5, which means that half the data (the lowest one-quarter and the highest one-quarter) will be rejected.

If your survey was in a noisy area, you may get better results by increasing the value to reject more outlying values. If your survey was in an electrically quiet area, you may get better results by decreasing the value to include more data.

To change the ratio of rejected data:

1. In the Setup Information spreadsheet, select the Rejected ratio for average calculation cell of the site you want to edit.

2. Type a new value between 0.0 and 1.0.


3. To cancel the change, press the ESC key; to accept the change, either select another cell or press Enter.

Setting a minimum allowable current. It is common during survey work for the transmitter to be turned off or transmitting at very low current while instruments are still recording. This situation results in invalid or poor quality samples.

To reject these samples from the calculation, you can set a minimum level of current that must have been transmitted. Samples taken when current was below the minimum will be rejected.

A value of 0.5A is a good starting point, as it eliminates data collected when transmitter current was very low or zero.

To set the current limit:

1. In the Setup Information spreadsheet, select the Current Limit cell of the site you want to edit.

2. Type a new value and press Enter.

Excluding or including sites or channels. When you add a site to the database, the site and all its associated channels are selected for inclusion in the calculations. You can exclude sites or channels from the calculations without removing them from the database.

To exclude sites or channels:

• In the Selected column of the site or channel you want to exclude, double-click the cell containing the check mark.

The check mark is replaced by a red-circled X.

To restore sites or channels:

• In the Selected column of the site or channel you want to include in the calculations, double-click the cell containing the red-circled X.

The red-circled X is replaced by a check mark.


Viewing data and results graphicallyWhen you close the Add TDEM Data dialog box after adding sites to the database, the program displays the plot for the first channel of the first site in the database. You can choose to view a different type of data or a different site or channel, and you can change the scale and appearance of the plot. This section explains how.

Viewing time series data

As explained earlier, it is no longer appropriate to import time series data in TEM Pro. You can still view the time series data using TblEdit. (First, ensure that Windows associates the file extension .tbl with the TblEdit program.)

To view time series data:

1. Browse to the folder containing your data and double-click the associated .tbl file.

The TblEdit program opens and displays the time series data.

2. To display other scans in the time series, click the left and right arrow buttons on the toolbar.

Selecting the type of data to view

Drop-down lists make it easy to select sites, channels, and data types.

To select a site and a channel:

1. Select a site from the Site list on the toolbar. (If the site you want to view is not listed, make sure that it appears in the Edit TDEM Calculation Parameters dialog box and that a check mark appears in the Selected column.)

2. Select a channel from the Channel list on the toolbar. (If the channel you want to view is not listed, make sure that it appears in the Edit TDEM Calculation Parameters dialog box and that a check mark appears in the Selected column.)

49 Chapter 3 TEM Pro Viewing data and results graphically 49

To view different data types:

1. From the Data list on the toolbar, select the data type you want to view.

2. Note that the All Channels Waveform data type is no longer used, because time series files should not be imported into TEM Pro.

Changing the scale and labelsYou can change the appearance of the data plots in several ways. You can expand or contract the horizontal and vertical scales and make them linear or logarithmic. You can increase or reduce the number of grid lines for each axis, and you can change the numeric format of the labels.

The Plot Parameters dialog box contains the controls for making these changes.

To open the Plot Parameters dialog box:

• From the View menu, click Set Plot Parameters,

or click on the toolbar.

The Plot Parameters dialog box appears. (See Fig. 3-10.)

Fig. 3-10: The Plot Parameters dialog box.


The Plot Parameters dialog box is divided into four areas. The top three areas correspond to the three data types:

• Window Decay and Apparent Resistivity• Stacked Waveform• All Channels Waveform (no longer used)

The fourth area controls the tick mark labels on the plots.

Changing the window decay plot and apparent resistivity plot. You can change horizontal and vertical maximum and minimum values, and change to logarithmic or linear scales for these plot types.

To change the horizontal scale:

1. In the Window Decay and App. Resistivity area of the Plot Parameters dialog box, change the value of Min time (ms) to the earliest time (in milliseconds) that you want to see on the plot.

2. Change the value of Max time (ms) to the latest time (in milliseconds) that you want to see on the plot.

3. If you want the horizontal scale to be linear, clear the Log time check box; if you want the scale to be logarithmic, select Log time.


To change the vertical scale:

1. In the Plot Parameters dialog box, change the value of Min E (mV/(km. Amp)) to the minimum value that you want to see on the plot.

2. Change the value of Max E (mV/(km. Amp)) to the maximum value that you want to see on the plot.

3. If you want the vertical scale to be linear, clear the Log decay/app.res check box; if you want the scale to be logarithmic, select Log decay/app.res.

4. If you want more or fewer horizontal grid lines, edit the number of Decay/app. res axis grids.

Changing the label format. The default axis labels for Window Decay and App. Resistivity plot use integer values for time and a suitable number of decimal places

51 Chapter 3 TEM Pro Viewing data and results graphically 51

for amplitude. However, you can choose to display more or less precision.

To change the axis labels format:

1. In the Label Format area of the Plot Parameters dialog box, select the type of display you want:

• Integer, for no decimal places

• Float, for scientific notation

• Fixed, for the number of decimal places you specify in the Fixed digit number box.

2. If you want to revert to automatic labels, select Default.

Selecting the repeated frequencies to view (MulTEM)

TEM Pro can display one or several frequencies recorded during a MulTEM sounding.

To select frequencies for display:

1. From the Edit menu, click Check and Edit


The Edit TDEM Calculation Parameters dialog box appears. (See Fig. 3-6 on page 44.)

2. Click Edit Window Settings.

The Window Settings dialog box appears. (See Fig. 3-11.)

3. From the Frequency (Period) list, select the frequency that you want to affect. (See Fig. 3-12.)

• To hide that frequency, clear the Select current frequency check box. (See Fig. 3-13.)

• To display that frequency, select the Select current frequency check box.

• To apply these display settings to all sites in your database, select the Apply settings to all sites checkbox. (See Fig. 3-13.)

4. Click OK twice to return to the plot display.


Fig. 3-11: The Window Settings dialog box.

Fig. 3-12: Selecting a frequency to change.

Fig. 3-13: Hiding a frequency by clearing the checkbox.

Saving and exporting your workYou can save the database and the processed data in native TEM Pro format or you can export to other formats. If you use native TEM Pro format, you can save multiple versions of the processed data by using different file names.

53 Chapter 3 TEM Pro Saving and exporting your work 53

Saving the database in TEM Pro format

The native file format in TEM Pro contains the entire database, including processed results. The file extension is .tem.

To save in TEM Pro format:

1. From the File menu, select Save or Save As.

A standard Windows Save dialog box appears.

2. Browse to the folder in which you want to save the database, give the file a name, and click Save.

Exporting to other formats

TEM Pro can export data in several ways:

• waveform stacks (.stk)• averaged waveform stacks (.avg)• cross section format (.sec)• universal sounding format (.usf)• University of Toronto EM (UTEM) format (.utm)

The exported data appears in plain ASCII text in these files except .utm, so any of them can be viewed in Notepad or a text editor. Cross section, UTEM, and universal sounding format files are intended for use by interpretation software.

Waveform stacks. A waveform stack file has the extension .stk. The file lists in plain text the signal amplitude measured at each time window for all data samples and channels. (See Fig. 3-14.)

Fig. 3-14: Example of a waveform stack (.stk) file.


To export waveform stacks:

1. From the File menu, select Dump Stack File(s).


A .stk file for each site in the database is created in the selected output folder.

You can view the .stk files in Notepad or any other text processing program.

Averaged waveform stacks. An averaged waveform stack file has the extension .avg. The file contains in plain text a header showing the site setup information, the channel assignments, and the sample window times and sizes. (See Fig. 3-15.)

This information is followed by the body of the file showing the results of data processing for each channel. (See Fig. 3-16 on page 55.)

To export an averaged waveform stack file:

1. From the File menu, select Output AVG File(s).


An .avg file for each site in the database is created in the selected output folder.

Fig. 3-15: Example of an averaged waveform stack (.avg) file header.

Cross section files. A cross section file has the extension .sec. The file contains a table of values for

55 Chapter 3 TEM Pro Saving and exporting your work 55

site position and apparent resistivity (See Fig. 3-17 on page 55.)

Fig. 3-16: Example of the body of an averaged waveform stack (.avg) file.

Fig. 3-17: Example of a cross section (.sec) file.

To export a cross section file:

1. From the File menu, select Output Cross Section.

The Output Cross Section dialog box appears.



3. If your database includes more than one survey line, select the line from the Line to be list.

4. Click Save.

A .sec file for the selected line is created in the selected output folder.

Universal sounding format. A universal sounding format file has the extension .usf. The file adheres to the specification proposed by Interpex Limited, available on the Internet at http://interpex.com/universalSoundingFormat.PDF (link valid as of July 2010).


Fig. 3-18: Example of a universal sounding format (.usf) file.

http://interpex.com/universalSoundingFormat.PDF

57 Chapter 3 TEM Pro Viewing site parameter (.tbl) and stack result files 57

To export a universal sounding format file:

1. From the File menu, select Export to Universal Sounding Format (*.USF).

The Save As Universal Sounding Format (*.USF) dialog box appears.


3. In the lower part of the dialog box, select the elements you want to include in the output file.

4. If your database includes more than one survey line, select the line from the Line to be output list.

5. Click Save.

A .usf file for the selected line is created in the selected output folder.

Viewing site parameter (.tbl) and stack result filesTEM Pro includes two commands on the Utilities menu that can be helpful when working with Phoenix Technical Support to troubleshoot a problem.

The two commands simply convert binary table (.tbl) files into text files and stack result (.trs) files into comma-separated values files.

To convert table files to text:

1. From the Utilities menu, select Convert Tbl File(s) to ASCII File(s).


2. Browse to the folder containing the table file(s) you want to convert.

3. Select one or more .tbl files and click Open.

A .txt file with the same name is created for each selected .tbl file.

58 Controlled Source Data ProcessingViewing site parameter (.tbl) and stack result

4. If you want to view the resulting files, browse to the output folder and double-click the .txt files to open them in Notepad.

To convert stack result files to comma-separated values files:

1. From the Utilities menu, select Convert Time Domain Stack Result File(s) to ASCII File(s).


2. Browse to the folder containing the .trs file(s) you want to convert.

3. Select one or more .trs files and click Open.

A .csv file with the same name is created for each selected .trs file.

4. If you want to view the resulting files, browse to the output folder and double-click the .csv files to open them in your preferred spreadsheet program.

59 Index 59

Index

Symbols.avg files, 11, 40.csv files, 12, 40.dat files, 11, 40.stk files, 11, 39.tbl files, 11, 39.tip files, 11, 39.trs files, 11, 39.tss files, 11, 39.txt files, 12, 40.usf files, 12, 40

AAdd TDEM Data command, 42Add TDIP Data command, 14Add time series check box, 14Add Tx File(s), 43Add V8 File(s), 43Add waveform check box, 42adding data, 13, 42All Channels Waveform, 24applications, system, 3

Auto scaling, 27auto-scaling, 26average files, defined, 11, 40averaged waveform stacks,

exporting, 30, 54axis labels, 27, 51

Ccalculation parameters, checking and

editing, 15, 43changing the scale and labels, 24, 49Check and Edit Parameters command, 16,

44, 51Chg axis grids, 25Clear All Sites Stack command, 28Clear All Sites Time Series command, 28Clear Current Site Stack command, 28Clear Current Site Time Series

command, 28CMT Pro, 4column headings, expanding, 17, 45column headings, tool tips, 17, 45

Convert Tbl File(s) to ASCII File(s) command, 12, 40

Convert Time Domain Stack Result File(s) to ASCII File(s) command, 12, 40

cross section files, defined, 40cross section files, exporting, 54current limit, 21, 47Current Ts segment, 27

Ddata, adding, 13, 42DC offset, 22Decay/app. res axis grids, 50drift correction, 22Dump Stack File(s) command, 11, 39

EEdit menu, 9, 37Edit TDEM Calculation Parameters, 44editing calculation parameters, 15, 43editing sampling window settings, 18, 46editing site information, 17, 45

60 Index 60

e-mail address, Phoenix, 5excluding or including sites or

channels, 21, 47expanding column headings, 17, 45exploration applications, 3Export to Universal Sounding Format

(*.USF), 57Export to Universal Sounding Format

(*.USF) command, 12, 40Export to YUTEM Format (*.UTM)

command, 40exporting to other formats, 29, 53

Ffax, Phoenix, 5File menu, 9, 37file size, reducing, 28file types and formats, 10, 38

files.avg, 11, 40.csv, 12, 40.dat, 11.sec, 40.stk, 11, 39.tbl, 11, 39.tip, 11, 39.trs, 11, 39.tss, 11, 39.txt, 12, 40input types, 11, 39organizing, 12, 40

formats, file, 10, 38

Hhardware configuration codes, 41Help menu, TemPro, 37Help menu, TIP Pro, 9

Iidentifying instrument type, 13, 41input files, 11, 39instrument type, identifying, 13, 41Interpex Ltd., 32, 56ISM frequency band, 2

Llabel format, 27, 51labels, changing, 24, 49

Log chargeability, 25Log decay/app.res, 50Log time, 25, 50

MMax chargeability (mV/V), 25Max E (mV/(km. Amp)), 50Max time (ms), 50menu commands, about, 8, 36Min chargeability (mV/V), 25Min E (mV/(km. Amp)), 50Min time (ms), 24, 50

minimum allowable current, setting, 21, 47

MTU, combining with System2000.net, 3

NNmtM, 30

Oorganizing your files, 12, 40outlying data points, rejecting, 20, 46Output AVG File(s), 54Output AVG File(s) command, 11, 40Output Cross Section, 55Output Cross Section command, 40output files, 11, 39Output Pseudosection File command, 11

61 Index 61

PPhoenix Geophysics Ltd., contact, 5Plot Parameters, 25Plot Parameters dialog box, 24, 49primary field, 30pseudosection files, defined, 11pseudosection files, exporting, 31

Rreducing .tip file size, 28Rejected ratio for average calculation, 46rejecting outlying data points, 20, 46Remove DC offset, 27repeated frequencies, viewing, 51RX3, 41RXTXM, 41

Ssampling window settings, editing, 18, 46scale, changing, 24, 49selecting the type of data to view, 23, 48setting minimum allowable current, 21,

47

SIP Pro, 4site information, editing, 17, 45stack files, defined, 11, 39stack result files, 11, 39stack results, defined, 4stacked waveform

about, 4System 2000.net, about, 2system applications, 3

Ttable files, 11, 39TblEdit, instrument identification, 13, 41telephone, Phoenix, 5TEM Pro, 4, 35–58

about, 36TEM Pro database files, defined, 39Time, 50Time axis grids, 25, 50time series files, 11TIP Pro, 4, 7–34

about, 8TIP Pro database files, defined, 11tool tip, column headings, 17, 45

toolbar lists, 10, 38toolbar, about, 9, 37

Uuniversal sounding format

defined, 12, 40exporting, 32, 56specification, 32, 56

Utilities menu, 9, 37

VV86, 41View menu, 9, 37viewing data and results graphically, 23,

48viewing site parameter (.tbl) files, 33, 57viewing stack result files, 33, 57VP, 30

Wwaveform stacks, exporting, 29, 53Web site address, Phoenix, 5Window Decay and App. Resistivity, 50window settings, editing, 18, 46

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