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8/6/2019 Convention on Water and Wastewater in South East Asia (S4 Presentation JRC)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/convention-on-water-and-wastewater-in-south-east-asia-s4-presentation-jrc 1/17
Buon Ma Thuot Sanitation Sub-Component
Three Perspectives
of the Buon Ma Thuot Sanitation Project
SEAWUN CONVENTION8 June 2005
The views expressed in this paper are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the
Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee
the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use.
Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.
Buon Ma Thuot
Sanitation Sub-Component
PART 1
Appropriate Technology
for Sewerage & Drainage Systems :
A Case Study in Vietnam
8/6/2019 Convention on Water and Wastewater in South East Asia (S4 Presentation JRC)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/convention-on-water-and-wastewater-in-south-east-asia-s4-presentation-jrc 2/17
Project Background
Danida-Funded Sewerage/Drainage Intervention
USD 20 million Investment (80/20)
Commenced April 2001 (66 months program)
Separate Sewerage System (1st in Vietnam)
Serving 33,000 Population (ult. 104,000 pop.)
Appropriate Technology,What are we looking for ?
Low capital cost
Low operating cost (electricity, chemicals)
Technically understandable
Locally available materials
Durable construction
8/6/2019 Convention on Water and Wastewater in South East Asia (S4 Presentation JRC)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/convention-on-water-and-wastewater-in-south-east-asia-s4-presentation-jrc 3/17
Our Project’s Technology
Separate Sewerage System with central
pumping station
Stabilization Pond WWTP
Upgraded Drainage System with large
drainage diversions.
Separate Sewer System Overview
Excludes rainwater
Conveys only Sewage to WWTP
HDPE, uPVC Piping (Vietnam product)
5,500 Household Connections
8/6/2019 Convention on Water and Wastewater in South East Asia (S4 Presentation JRC)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/convention-on-water-and-wastewater-in-south-east-asia-s4-presentation-jrc 4/17
HDPE Sewer Installation
Pre-cast Manhole
8/6/2019 Convention on Water and Wastewater in South East Asia (S4 Presentation JRC)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/convention-on-water-and-wastewater-in-south-east-asia-s4-presentation-jrc 5/17
Sewerage House Connection Works
Stabilization Pond WWTPOverview
Dual train, three-stage Pond System
No energy, no chemical required
Easily understood technology
Simplicity offers reliability
8/6/2019 Convention on Water and Wastewater in South East Asia (S4 Presentation JRC)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/convention-on-water-and-wastewater-in-south-east-asia-s4-presentation-jrc 6/17
Reclamation
WWTP Schematic
WWTP – Anaerobic Ponds
8/6/2019 Convention on Water and Wastewater in South East Asia (S4 Presentation JRC)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/convention-on-water-and-wastewater-in-south-east-asia-s4-presentation-jrc 7/17
WWTP – Cascade Aerator
& Facultative Ponds
WWTP – Cascade Aerator
8/6/2019 Convention on Water and Wastewater in South East Asia (S4 Presentation JRC)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/convention-on-water-and-wastewater-in-south-east-asia-s4-presentation-jrc 8/17
HDPE Liner Installation
at Maturation Ponds
Drainage System Overview
Focus on Mitigation of Flooding
Minimize small-diameter, high maintenance
pipes
Large Drainage Diversions Piped directly to
Receiving Water
8/6/2019 Convention on Water and Wastewater in South East Asia (S4 Presentation JRC)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/convention-on-water-and-wastewater-in-south-east-asia-s4-presentation-jrc 9/17
DN1800 Drainage Pipeline Installation
Drainage Diversion OutletAt Receiving Stream
8/6/2019 Convention on Water and Wastewater in South East Asia (S4 Presentation JRC)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/convention-on-water-and-wastewater-in-south-east-asia-s4-presentation-jrc 10/17
Conclusion & Lessons LearnedPart 1 – Appropriate Technology
Keep technology simple, understandable
Minimize mechanical/ electrical content
Maximize available human resources
Utilize local products
Reliability = Success
Buon Ma Thuot
Sanitation Sub-Component
PART 2
Reclamation of Treated Wastewater
for Agricultural Reuse :
A Case Study in Vietnam
8/6/2019 Convention on Water and Wastewater in South East Asia (S4 Presentation JRC)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/convention-on-water-and-wastewater-in-south-east-asia-s4-presentation-jrc 11/17
Ethnic Minority Farmer, Family, Well & Pump
Reclamation Technology
Four Additional Maturation Ponds
(Enhanced Treatment)
Reclamation Pumping Station
(4 pumps + 4 pressure mains)
High/Low Reservoirs (4 No.)
Gravity Distribution Pipeline
4000 m3/day – 100 hectares Coffee Irrigated
8/6/2019 Convention on Water and Wastewater in South East Asia (S4 Presentation JRC)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/convention-on-water-and-wastewater-in-south-east-asia-s4-presentation-jrc 12/17
Reclamation System – Delivery Schematic
Conclusion & Lessons LearnedPart 2 – Wastewater Reclamation
Treated Wastewater compatible with Coffee
tree irrigation.
Wastewater residual nutrients lessen the
need for supplemental fertilizer.
Cost of supplying reclaimed wastewater
equal to or less than current supply costs.
Reclamation of wastewater provides a
reliable, sustainable water supply to help
reduce poverty in subsistence farmers.
8/6/2019 Convention on Water and Wastewater in South East Asia (S4 Presentation JRC)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/convention-on-water-and-wastewater-in-south-east-asia-s4-presentation-jrc 13/17
Buon Ma Thuot
Sanitation Sub-Component
PART 3
Financial Sustainability
of a Newly-formed Enterprise:
A Case Study in Vietnam
Financial Sustainability,What is it all about ?
“MONEY”
8/6/2019 Convention on Water and Wastewater in South East Asia (S4 Presentation JRC)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/convention-on-water-and-wastewater-in-south-east-asia-s4-presentation-jrc 14/17
Why Be Financially Sustainable ?
Budgetary Control
Greater Autonomy over Capital Expenditure
& Emergencies
Independence/ Freedom from Subsidy
Planning for Financial Sustainability
Determine Operating Costs
Assess “Ability and Willingness” to pay
Identify potential revenue streams
Seek a fair balance
Talk it up . . . . . .
8/6/2019 Convention on Water and Wastewater in South East Asia (S4 Presentation JRC)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/convention-on-water-and-wastewater-in-south-east-asia-s4-presentation-jrc 15/17
Roadblocks to Success
Customers don’t want to pay
Nobody wants to be the guy raising taxes
What about Depreciation ?
Government Regulations
Plotting our (Revenue) Course
Drainage Surcharge 10% (of current water bill)
on all water customers.
Implemented 1 August 2003
(Generates 75% of necessary revenue).
Wastewater fee 20% (of current water bill) on
sewerage customer only.
Under consideration by Local Authorities.
(Generates 25% of necessary revenue)
8/6/2019 Convention on Water and Wastewater in South East Asia (S4 Presentation JRC)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/convention-on-water-and-wastewater-in-south-east-asia-s4-presentation-jrc 16/17
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
U S D ( x
1 0 0 0 )
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Budgets Total Revenue Annual Surplus (Deficit)
Projected Enterprise
Budgets & Revenues
Conclusions & Lessons LearnedPart 3 – Financial Sustainability
“Polluter Must Pay” Principle Must Apply
Benefits have Costs – Focus on IEC
Early, early Action on Revenue issues
Financial Sustainability brings Autonomy