Convergence of EU regions. Measures and evolution (Eng)/ La convergencia de las regiones de la UE...

8/2/2019 Convergence of EU regions. Measures and evolution (Eng)/ La convergencia de las regiones de la UE (Ing)/ EBko es

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whew wh` mldm`yw lb ]knje*mldr`sn`dm` k} jls` s`rèokdn lb wh`

sèokw{ e} kw gks`mwo{ g`}mskc`} wh` gk}wskcpwkld lb kdmlj` emsl}}

`mldljk`} ~kwhlpw sò{kdn ld wh` `}wkjewkld lb e yeswkmpoesjlgò$

Wh` jl}w bsùp`dwo{ p}`g }pjjes { jè}ps`} lb ]knje*mldr`sn`dm` es` wh` }wedgesg g`rkewkld ls wh` ml` mk`dw lb

reskewkld lb s`nkldeo NGY y`s hèg$ Hl~`r`s/ lwh`s kdgkm`} xk}wedg ys`}`dw kdw`s`}wkdn ysly`swk`} (}`` bls kd}wedm` Ml~òo/ 5;;0

ls ^lsog Cedf/ 5;;; bls e g`weko`g s`rk`~ lb wh` jewh`jewkmeo

ysly`swk`} lb wh` jl}w ylypoes }pjjes{ kdùpeokw{ jè}ps`}+$

^` yslyl}` wl s`rk`~ r` jè}ps`}1 wh` ml` mk`dw lb reskewkld/

wh` Nkdk ml` mk`dw/ wh` Ewfkd}ld kdg`x/ wh` Wh`ko kdg`x edg wh`

Jèd Olneskwhjkm G`rkewkld (JOG+$ Bls emh lb wh`}` jè}ps`}/

s`nkldeo gk}yeskwk`} ~koo c` `reopew`g ew @P*50 edg,ls @P*3> o`rò}

kd w`sj} lb wh`ks NGY y`s hèg/ ~kwh s`nkld} c`kdn ~`knhw`g c{

wh`ks ylypoewkld kd wh` mljypwewkld}$

Wh` ~`knhwkdn }mh`j`} edg kjyokmkw ~òbes` bpdmwkld} res{ emsl}}

jè}ps`}$ Bls xejyo`/ wh` JOG k} jls` }`d}kwkr` wl mhedn`} ewwh` ol~`s dg lb wh` gk}wskcpwkld/ ~hko` wh` ml` mk`dw lb reskewkld

k} s`}yld}kr` wl mhedn`} kd wh` pyy`s `dg lb wh` gk}wskcpwkld$

Wh` Nkdk ml` mk`dw k} jls` }`d}kwkr` wl mhedn`} kd kdùpeokw{

eslpdg wh` j`gked$ Mld}ùp`dwo{/ wh`}` jè}ps`} je{ dlw sedf

w~l gk}wskcpwkld} wh` }ej` ~e{/ dls ~koo wkj` }`sk`} yeww`sd}d`m`}}esko{ c` wh` }ej` bls gk`s`dw jè}ps`}$ Kw k} wh`s`bls`

n`d`seoo{ sùpks g wl mljypw` e resk`w{ lb jè}ps`} wl gse~ sj

mldmop}kld} eclpw mhedn`} kd wh` `xw`dw lb gk}yeskwk`}$

Ml` mk`dw lb reskewkld

Wh` ml` mk`dw lb reskewkld k} e dlsjeok}`g jè}ps` lb gk}y`s}kld lb

e yslceckokw{ gk}wskcpwkld$ Kw k} g`d`g e} wh` sewkl lb wh` }wedgesg

g`rkewkld wl wh` jèd$ Kw k} lbw`d s`ylsw`g e} e y`sm`dwen` c{

jpowkyo{kdn wh` eclr` meompoewkld c{ 599 ~hkmh k} }lj`wkj`}s`b`ss`g wl e} wh` sòewkr` }wedgesg g`rkewkld (S]G ls %S]G+$Wh` ml` mk`dw lb reskewkld k} lbw`d ys`b`ss`g wl wh` }wedgesg

g`rkewkld ~hkmh he} dl kdw`sys`weco` jèdkdn ld kw} l~d pdo`}}

wh` jèd reop` k} eo}l s`ylsw`g$ Bls e nkr`d }wedgesg g`rkewkld

reop`/ wh` ml` mk`dw lb reskewkld kdgkmew`} e hknh ls ol~ g`ns``

lb reskeckokw{ ldo{ kd sòewkld wl wh` jèd reop`$

Wh` blool~kdn nps` }hl~} wh` `rlopwkld lb wh` ml` mk`dw lb

reskewkld meompoew`g bls wh` @P*50 edg @P*3> DPW] 3 s`nkld} bls

wh` y`sklg 5;89*3990 edg 5;;0*3990 s`}y`mwkrò{$

Bknps` 51 Ml` mk`dw reskewkld1 NGY y`s hèg/ DPW] 3s`nkld}/ @P*50 edg @P*3>

]lpsm`1 Mejcskgn` @mldlj`wskm} edg @PSL]WEW gewece}`$

GN S@NKL} l~d meompoewkld$

Wh` s`}pow} es` kd okd` ~kwh wh` dgkdn} s`npoeso{ s`ylsw`g kd wh`

okw`sewps` (}`` bls kd}wedm` D`r`d edg Nlp{`ww` 5;;0/ Jenskdk

3997 ls @swps `w eo$ 3992+$ Mldr`sn`dm` c`w~``d @P*50 s`nkld}

~e} }wsldn py wl wh` jkg ;9}/ cpw wh` yslm`}} }kdm` wh`d he}

ol}w jlj`dwpj$ Bslj 5;89 wl 5;;2/ wh` rlopwkld lb gk}yeskwk`}

ejldn @P*50 s`nkld} kdg``g }hl~} e moès gl~d~esg ws`dg/

wh` ml` mk`dw lb reskewkld g`msè}kdn bslj 9$== wl 9$38$ Ld wh`

mldwses{/ }kdm` 5;;2 kw he} s`jekd`g kd e cedg lb reop`} c`w~``d

9$38 edg 9$3;/ kw} pmwpewkld} yl}}kco{ s``mwkdn }lj` w`jylses{kdp`dm` lb wh` cp}kd`}} m{mo` ld wh` `xw`dw lb gk}yeskwk`}$ Ld

wh` lwh`s hedg/ gk}yeskwk`} mldwkdp` wl g`msè}` seykgo{ ejldn

@P*3> s`nkld}/ wh` ml` mk`dw lb reskewkld beookdn bslj 9$7= kd

5;;0 wl 9$=0 kd 3990$ Whk} he} o`g jed{ lc}`sr`s} wl mldmopg`

whew kb mldr`sn`dm` k} }wkoo ew ~lsf ~kwhkd wh` @P*3>/ kw k} gp` wl

wh` bemw whew wh` ylls`}w s`nkld} kd wh` d`~ J`jc`s ]wew`} es`

mewmhkdn py ld wh` Pdkld} skmh`}w ld`}/ ~hko` ejldn @P*50s`nkld} mldr`sn`dm` k} dl oldn`s wefkdn yoem`$

Wh` bemw whew s`nkldeo gk}yeskwk`} g`mokd` ~h`d mld}kg`skdn wh`

@P e} e ~hlo` gl`} dlw ys`r`dw gk}yeskwk`} bslj kdmsè}kdn ~kwhkd

e dpjc`s lb J`jc`s ]wew`}/ kd yeswkmpoes whl}` whew s`m`dwo{

alkd`g wh` Pdkld$ Wh` blool~kdn nps` gk}yoe{} wh` `rlopwkld lbwh` ml` mk`dw lb reskewkld meompoew`g }`yesewò{ bls wh` s`nkld}

lb wh` d`~ J`jc`s ]wew`}$

9$3>

9$38

9$3;

9$=9

9$=5

9$=3

9$==

5;>; 5;87 5;8; 5;;7 5;;; 3997

@P*50

9$=0

9$=2

9$=>

9$=8

9$=;

9$79

9$75

9$73

9$7=

9$77

@P*3>

@P*50

@P*3>


5/202

Bknps` 31 Ml` mk`dw reskewkld1 NGY y`s hèg/

DPW] 3 s`nkld}/ @P*53 mlpdwsk`}!

! ]olr`dke k} dlw kdmopg`g/ herkdn ldo{ w~l s`nkld}$

]lpsm`1 @PSL]WEW gewece}`$ GN S@NKL} l~d meompoewkld$

Bls eoo mlpdwsk`} mld}kg`s`g/ gk}yeskwk`} her` kdmsè}`g/ }lj`wkj`}

gsejewkmeoo{/ e} kd Sljedke ~h`s` wh` ml` mk`dw lb reskewkld sl}`

bslj 9$50 kd 5;;0 wl eojl}w 9$79 kd 3990$ Wl e oesn` `xw`dw/ }pmh

`rlopwkld }w`j} bslj wh` bemw whew kd emh mlpdws{ wh` yslm`}} lb

nsl~wh ys`}`dw} }kndkmedw olmeo gk`s`dm`}/ edg k} r`s{ }wsldn kde okjkw`g dpjc`s lb s`nkld} ~hkmh n`d`seoo{ kdmopg` wh` meykweo

mkw{ s`nkld$

Nkdk ml` mk`dw

Wh` Nkdk ml` mk`dw k} jl}wo{ p}`g e} e j e}ps` lb kdùpeokw{ kd wh`

gk}wskcpwkld lb y`s}ldeo kdmlj` ls ~èowh$ C{ g`dkwkld/ kw resk`}

c`w~``d 9 edg 5$ E ol~ reop` kdgkmew`} jls` ùpeo gk}wskcpwkld (9

mlss`}yldgkdn wl y`sb`mw upeokw{+/ ~hko` e hknh Nkdk ml` mk`dw

kdgkmew`} jls` pdùpeo gk}wskcpwkld (5 mlss`}yldgkdn wl y`sb`mw

kdùpeokw{ ~h`s` kdmlj` k} mldm`dwsew`g kd wh` hedg} lb ld`

kdgkrkgpeo+$ Wh` Nkdk kdg`x k} wh` Nkdk ml` mk`dw `xys`}}`g e} e

y`sm`dwen`$

Wh` Nkdk ml` mk`dw med c` p}`g wl mljyes` kdmlj` gk}wskcpwkld}

emsl}} gk`s`dw ylypoewkld}/ kd yeswkmpoes mlpdwsk`} edg s`nkld}$

Hl~`r`s/ kw k} kdp`dm`g c{ wh` nsedpoeskw{ lb wh` jè}ps`j`dw}$

Bls `xejyo`/ e mljypwewkld ce}`g ld r` 39% upedwko`} (ol~

nsedpoeskw{+ ~koo p}peoo{ {kòg e ol~`s Nkdk ml` mk`dw whed ld`

ce}`g ld w~`dw{ 0% upedwko`} (hknh nsedpoeskw{+ wef`d bslj wh`

}ej` gk}wskcpwkld$

Wh` blool~kdn nps` }hl~} wh` `rlopwkld lb wh` Nkdk kdg`xmeompoew`g bls @P*50 edg @P*3> DPW] 3 s`nkld} bls wh` y`sklg

5;89*3990 edg 5;;0*3990 s`}y`mwkrò{$

Bknps` =1 Nkdk kdg`x1 NGY y`s hèg/ DPW] 3 s`nkld}/

@P*50 edg @P*3>


Pdg`s whk} jè}ps`/ gk}yeskwk`} ejldn @P*50 s`nkld} }wègko{

g`mokd`g bslj 5>$>% kd 5;89 wl 57$2% kd 3990$ Jl}w lb wh`s`gpmwkld hl~`r`s wllf yoem` c`bls` 5;;0$ Ew wh` o`rò lb wh`

@P*3>/ s`nkldeo kdùpeokwk`} kd NGY y`s hèg g`mokd`g be}w`s/ bslj

37$7% kd 5;;0 wl 35$3% kd 3990$ Enekd/ whk} lc}`srewkld k} dlw

kdmljyewkco` ~kwh lyyl}kw` ws`dg} ~kwhkd mlpdwsk`}$ E} s``mw`g

kd Bknps` 7/ kdùpeokwk`} kdg``g kdmsè}`g lr`s wh` }ej` wkj` }yed

kd e dpjc`s lb J`jc`s ]wew`}$

Bknps` 71 Nkdk ml` mk`dw}1 NGY y`s hèg/ DPW] 3 s`nkld}/

@P*3> edg ~kwhkd J`jc`s ]wew`}/ 5;;0*3990!

! J`jc`s ]wew`} ~kwh b`~`s whed 2 s`nkld} es` dlw kdmopg`g$


Ewfkd}ld kdg`x

Wh` Ewfkd}ld kdg`x k} edlwh`s ylypoes jè}ps` lb kdmlj` kdùpeokw{$

Kw} gk}wkdnpk}hkdn bèwps` k} kw} eckokw{ wl `jyhe}k}` jlr`j`dw} kd

yeswkmpoes }`nj`dw} lb wh` gk}wskcpwkld$ ]y`mkmeoo{/ e yesej`w`s`dw`skdn kdwl wh` mljypwewkld lb wh` kdg`x eool~} bls nkrkdnjls` ls o`}} ~`knhw wl mhedn`} kd e nkr`d ylswkld lb wh` kdmlj`

gk}wskcpwkld$ Whk} yesej`w`s/ fdl~d e} wh` o`rò lb kdùpeokw{er`s}kld/ k} n`d`seoo{ g`dlw`g c{ $ Wh` Ewfkd}ld kdg`x c`mlj`}jls` }`d}kwkr` wl mhedn`} ew wh` ol~`s dg lb wh` gk}wskcpwkld (ol~

kdmlj` ls NGY y`s hèg o`rò}+ e} eyyslemh`} 5$ Mldr`s}ò{/ e}wh` o`rò lb kdùpeokw{ er`s}kld beoo}/ whew k} e} eyyslemh`} 9/ wh`

kdg`x c`mlj`} jls` }`d}kwkr` wl mhedn`} kd wh` pyy`s `dg lb

wh` kdmlj` gk}wskcpwkld$

Kd wh` blool~kdn nps`/ wh` Ewfkd}ld kdg`x k} mljypw`g bls wh`

@P*3> DPW] 3 s`nkld} edg ~kwh whs`` gk`s`dw reop`} lb wh`kdùpeokw{ er`s}kld/ 9$0/ 9$>0 edg 9$;$

Bknps` 01 Ewfkd}ld kdg`x (~kwh : 9$0/ 9$>0 edg 9$;+1 NGY

y`s hèg/ DPW] 3 s`nkld}/ @P*3>


59

50

39

30

=9

=0

79

70

5;;0 5;;2 5;;> 5;;8 5;;; 3999 3995 3993 399= 3997 3990

CN

MQ

HP

YO

SL

9$99

9$90

9$59

9$50

9$39

9$30

@P\3> C@ MQ G@ NS @] BS KW HP DO EW YO YW ]@ PF SL

Nkdk ml`bbkmk dw 5;;0 Nkdk ml`bbkmk dw 3990

9$99

9$90

9$59

9$50

9$39

9$30

5;;0 5;;2 5;;> 5;;8 5;;; 3999 3995 3993 399= 3997 3990

9$0 9$>0 9$;

57$9%

57$0%

50$9%

50$0%

52$9%

52$0%

5>$9%

5>$0%

58$9%

5;89 5;80 5;;9 5;;0 3999 3990

5;$0%

39$9%39$0%

35$9%

35$0%

33$9%

33$0%

3=$9%

3=$0%

37$9%

37$0%

30$9%

@P*50 @P*3>


6/20>

Wh` kdg`x }kndkmedwo{ beoo} ew wh` c`nkddkdn lb wh` y`sklg lb

lc}`srewkld bls eoo reop`} nkr`d wl $ Hl~`r`s/ wh` jendkwpg`

lb wh` gsly moèso{ kdmsè}`} ~kwh er`s}kld wl kdùpeokw{ ~hkmh

jèd} whew kw k} jl}wo{ whslpnh jlr`j`dw} kd wh` ol~`s `dg

lb wh` gk}wskcpwkld whew kdùpeokwk`} s`gpm`$ Kd lwh`s ~lsg}/ wh`

ylls`}w s`nkld} es` c`mljkdn skmh`s sewh`s whed wh` skmh`}w ld`}

c`mljkdn ylls`s$

Wh`ko kdg`x

Wh` Wh`ko kdg`x k} e yeswkmpoes me}` lb wh` N`d`seok}`g @dwsly{Kdg`x ~kwh ml` mk`dw 5$ Ld` kdw`s`}w lb wh` Wh`ko kdg`x mljyes`g

wl wh` ys`m`gkdn jè}ps`} k} whew kw mlss`}yldg} wl wh` }pj lb

er`sen` kdùpeokw{ ~kwhkd }pcnslpy} edg kdùpeokw{ ejldn whl}`

}pcnslpy}/ e ysly`sw{ ~hkmh k} s`b`ss`g wl e} g`mljyl}eckokw{$

Blsjeoo{/ kb wh` ylypoewkld k} gkrkg`g kdwl j }pcnslpy} (`$n$J`jc`s ]wew`}+/ kb Wsk k} wh` Wh`ko kdg`x bls }pcnslpy k (`$n$s``mwkdn wh` gk}yeskwk`} ejldn s`nkld} lb J`jc`s ]wew` k+/ kb }kk} wh` }hes` lb nslpy k kd nolceo kdmlj` (`$n$ wh` }hes` lb J`jc`s

]wew` kkd @P NGY+ edg Wm wh` kdg`x mljypw`g ld wh` ce}k} lb wh`j nslpy} (`$n$ s``mwkdn wh` gk}yeskwk`} ejldn J`jc`s ]wew`+/wh`d wh` Wh`ko kdg`x k}1

W : ]kWsk& Wm

:Ws& W

m

^hko` Wm s``mw} wh` `xw`dw lb gk}yeskwk`} ejldn wh` nslpy}/ Ws

s``mw} wh` gk}yeskwk`} xk}wkdn ~kwhkd wh` nslpy}$ Eyyok`g wl lps

mldw`xw/ wh` Wh`ko kdg`x med wh`s`bls` c` g`mljyl}`g kdwl ld`

meywpskdn wh` xw`dw lb gk}yeskwk`} ejldn @P J`jc`s ]wew`} edg

edlwh`s ld` meywpskdn wh` xw`dw lb gk}yeskwk`} c`w~``d s`nkld}

~kwhkd wh`}` J`jc`s ]wew`}$

Wh` blool~kdn nps` gk}yoe{} wh` Wh`ko kdg`x edg kw} g`mljyl}kwkld

kdwl kw} mlpdws{ (Wm+ edg s`nkldeo (Ws+ mljyld`dw} bls wh` @P*3>

DPW] 3 s`nkld}$

Bknps` 21 Wh`ko kdg`x1 NGY y`s hèg/ DPW] 3 s`nkld}/ @P*3>


Wh` reop` lb wh` kdg`x }hl~} e s`gpmwkld lb gk}yeskwk`} ejldn

@P s`nkld} ~hkmh k} kd okd` ~kwh wh` s`}pow} lcwekd`g eclr` ~kwh

lwh`s jè}ps`}$ Hl~`r`s/ kw moèso{ eyyès} whew whk} s`gpmwkld

k} gp` wl wh` bemw whew gk}yeskwk`} ejldn J`jc`s} ]wew`} es`

}wsldno{ g`msè}kdn$ Ld wh` mldwses{/ gk}yeskwk`} ejldn s`nkld}

~kwhkd wh` J`jc`s ]wew`} es` }oknhwo{ kdmsè}kdn$ Whk} mldsj}

wh` lc}`srewkld eosèg{ j`dwkld`g eclr` whew wh` s`gpmwkld lb

s`nkldeo gk}yeskwk`} ejldn @P mlpdwsk`} edg s`nkld} je{ mlkdmkg`

~kwh kdmsè}kdn s`nkldeo gk}yeskwk`} ~kwhkd }lj` mlpdwsk`}$

Wh` sewkl Ws,W mlss`}yldg} wl wh` }hes` lb gk}yeskwk`} `xyoekd`g

c{ s`nkldeo gk}yeskwk`} ~kwhkd mlpdwsk`} (s`b`ss`g wl e} kdwsenslpy kdùpeokwk`}+ ~hko` kw} mljyo`j`dw Wm,W jè}ps`} wh`}hes` `xyoekd`g c{ gk}yeskwk`} ejldn J`jc`s ]wew`} (s`b`ss`g

wl e} kdw`s nslpy kdùpeokwk`}+$ Weco` 5 s`ylsw} wh`}` }hes`} bls

wh` y`sklg mld}kg`s`g$

Weco` 51 ]hes`} lb kdwse edg kdw`s nslpy kdùpeokwk`}/

Wh`ko kdg`x/ 5;;0*3990

]lpsm`1 GN S@NKL l~d meompoewkld$

Wh` mlpdws{ (kdw`s nslpy+ mljyld dw lb wh` kdg`x moèso{ g`msè} }

lr`s wkj`$ Kd 5;;0/ >9% lb s`nkldeo gk}yeskwk`} ejldn @P s`nkld}

s``mw`g gk}yeskwk`} ejldn J`jc`s ]wew`}/ wh` s`jekdkdn =9%

c`kdn gp` wl gk}yeskwk`} c`w~``d s`nkld} ~kwhkd J`jc`s ]wew`}$

C{ 3990/ gk}yeskwk`} ejldn J`jc`s ]wew`} emmlpdw`g bls ldo{ 02%

lb s`nkldeo gk}yeskwk`}/ 77% lb ~hkmh es` `xyoekd`g c{ s`nkldeo

gk}yeskwk`} ~kwhkd J`jc`s ]wew`}$

Jèd Olneskwhjkm G`rkewkld

Wh` jèd olneskwhjkm g`rkewkld (JOG+ k} eo}l e j`jc`s lb wh`

n`d`seok}`g dwsly{ bejko{ lb kdùpeokw{ jè}ps`}/ mlss`}yldgkdn

wl wh` N`d`seok}`g @dwsly{ Kdg`x ~kwh ml` mk`dw 9$ E} bls wh` Wh`ko

kdg`x/ wh` JOG k} g`mljyl}eco` kd jè}ps`} lb kdùpeokw{ clwh

~kwhkd edg c`w~``d nslpy}$ Hl~`r`s/ wh` JOG k} sòewkrò{ jls`

s`}yld}kr` wl mhedn`} ew wh` ol~`s `dg lb wh` gk}wskcpwkld$

Wh` blool~kdn nps` }hl~} wh` JOG e} ~òo e} kw} mlpdws{ (JOGm+

edg s`nkldeo (JOGs+ mljyld`dw} bls wh` @P*3> DPW] 3 s`nkld}$

Bknps` >1 JOG1 NGY y`s hèg/ DPW] 3 s`nkld}/ @P*3>


Wh` s`}pow} es` upeokwewkrò{ }kjkoes wl whl}` lcwekd`g ~kwh wh`

Wh`ko kdg`x$ Nolceo gk}yeskwk`} g`mokd`g gpskdn wh` y`sklg lblc}`srewkld6 hl~`r`s whk} yslm`}} ~e} jekdo{ gskr`d c{ e mlpdws{

mljyld`dw s``mwkdn wh` s`gpmwkld lb gk}yeskwk`} ejldn @PJ`jc`s ]wew`}$ ^kwhkd mlpdwsk`}/ s`nkldeo gk}yeskwk`} }oknhwo{kdmsè}`g$

Wh` mldwskcpwkld lb wh` kdwse nslpy edg kdw s nslpy kdùpeokwk`}

wl nolceo kdùpeokwk`} es` s`ylsw`g kd Weco` 3$

9$999

9$959

9$939

9$9=9

9$979

9$909

9$929

9$9>9

9$989

9$9;9

9$599

5;;0 5;;2 5;;> 5;;8 5;;; 3999 3995 3993 399= 3997 3990

Ws Wm W

]hes` lb W `xyoekd`g c{1 5;;0 5;;2 5;;> 5;;8 5;;;

Kdwse nslpy kdùpeokwk`} =9% =5% =3% ==% =7%

Kdw`s nslpy kdùpeokwk`} >9% 2;% 28% 2>% 22%

]hes` lb W `xyoekd`g c{1 3999 3995 3993 399= 3997 3990

Kdwse nslpy kdùpeokwk`} =9% =5% =3% ==% =7% =0%

Kdw`s nslpy kdùpeokwk`} 20% 2=% 25% 29% 0;% 02%

9$999

9$939

9$979

9$929

9$989

9$599

9$539

5;;0 5;;2 5;;> 5;;8 5;;; 3999 3995 3993 399= 3997 3990

JOGsJOGmJOG

j

k:5


7/208

Weco` 31 ]hes`} lb kdwse edg kdw`s nslpy kdùpeokwk`}/

JOG/ 5;;0*3990


S`nkldeo gk}yeskwk`} kd wh` @P es` kdmsè}kdno{ o`}} `xyoekd`g c{

gk}yeskwk`} ejldn wh` J`jc`s ]wew`}/ ~kwh wh` mldwskcpwkld lb

kdw`s nslpy kdùpeokwk`} g`mokdkdn bslj >2% wl 2=% c`w~``d 5;;0

edg 3990/ s``mwkdn wh` mol}kdn lb wh` ney ejldn @P mlpdwsk`}$

Ld wh` mldwses{/ wh` mldwskcpwkld lb kdwse nslpy kdùpeokwk`} ns`~

bslj 37% wl =>% lr`s wh` }ej` y`sklg$

7$ Edeo{}k} lb wh` gk}wskcpwkld

]pjjes{ jè}ps`} lb gk}yeskwk`} es` `xws`jò{ p}`bpo e} wh`{

yslrkg` e }{dwh`}k} lb wh` kdblsjewkld edg es` sòewkrò{ }kjyo`wl mljypw`$ Wh`ks lcrklp} gse~cemf k} whew wh`{ gl dlw eool~

bls ed kd*g`ywh ollf ew wh` gk}wskcpwkld lb lc}`srewkld}$ Kdyeswkmpoes/ wh`{ es` dlw }pkweco` bls g`}mskckdn jlr`j`dw} lb

lc}`srewkldeo pdkw} (kd lps me}` s`nkld}+ ~kwhkd wh` gk}wskcpwkld$

Hl~`r`s/ }pmh jlr`j`dw} med egg mld}kg`seco` kd}knhw wl wh`

edeo{}k} lb s`nkldeo gk}yeskwk`} c{ yslrkgkdn jls` g`weko} eclpw

wh` j`mhedk}j} ew ~lsf kd wh` mldr`sn`dm` yslm`}}$

]`r`seo j`whlg} edg kd}wspj`dw} med c` p}`g wl edeo{}` wh`

mhesemw`sk}wkm} edg wh` g{dejkm} lb wh` gk}wskcpwkld$ Ld` moe}} lb

kd}wspj`dw k} ce}`g ld rk}peo kd}y`mwkld ~hko` lwh`s} l`s wh`

yl}}kckokw{ lb g`skrkdn }y`mkm jè}ps`} kd lsg`s wl mhesemw`sk}`wh` gk}wskcpwkld} xejkd`g$ Bls wh` s}w moe}}/ ~` yslyl}` wl s`rk`~

e dld*yesej`wskm `}wkjewkld lb g`d}kw{ bpdmwkld}/ mpjpoewkr`

g`d}kw{ bpdmwkld} edg ]eow`s nseyh}/ ~hko` bls wh` }`mldg ld`/

~` ~koo g`}mskc` edg mldgpmw e Jesflr mhekd edeo{}k} ce}`gld wsed}kwkld yslceckokw{ jewskm`} (}`` bls kd}wedm` Upeh/ 5;;2/

Bkdno`wld/ 5;;> ls Lr`sjed edg Ypne/ 3993+$

Dld*yesej`wskm `}wkjewkld lb wh` gk}wskcpwkld

Wh` jl}w }kjyo` edg bsùp`dwo{ p}`g dld*yesej`wskm g`d}kw{

`}wkjewls k} wh` hk}wlnsej (}`` bls kd}wedm` Clogskd edg Medlre/

3995+$ Hl~`r`s/ whk} kd}wspj`dw }p`s} bslj w~l }`r`s` okjkwewkld}$

Bks}w/ hk}wlnsej} es` dlw }jllwh/ edg }`mldg/ wh`{ g`y`dgld `dg ylkdw} lb wh` }pc*kdw`sreo} }ò`mw`g wl mlr`s wh` gewe

reop`}$ Ld` ~e{ wl lr`smlj` wh`}` }hlswmljkdn} k} wl p}` f`sdò

g`d}kw{ `}wkjewls}$ Pdg`s whk} j`whlg/ èmh gewe ylkdw k} wh`

m`dws` lb dlsjeok}`g g`d}kw{ bpdmwkld/ s`b`ss`g wl e} wh` f`sdò$

G`d}kwk`} es` wh`d egg`g r`swkmeoo{ wl yslgpm` wh` }wkjewkld lb

wh` gk}wskcpwkld$ Kb e Dlsjeo k} mhl}`d e} wh` g`d}kw{ bpdmwkld/ ~`

lcwekd e Nep}}ked (}wlmhe}wkm+ f`sdò g`d}kw{ `}wkjewkld lb wh`

gk}wskcpwkld (}`` bls kd}wedm` Cesskl} edg ]wslco/ 3990+$

Kw k} lb mlps}` kjylswedw wl }ò`mw wh` jl}w eyyslyskew` f`sdò

edg kd yeswkmpoes wh` ~kgwh lb wh` }pc*kdw`sreo} }psslpdgkdn

wh` gewe ylkdw/ s`b`ss`g wl e} wh` cedg~kgwh$ E mljjld ~e{ wlg`w`sjkd` wh` lywkjeo cedg~kgwh k} wl mhll}` ld` whew jkdkjk}`}

ed lywkjeokw{ mskw`skld ~hkmh k} lbw`d }ò`mw`g e} wh` E}{jywlwkm

Jèd Kdw`nsew`g ]upes`g @ssls (EJK]@+$ Wh` Nep}}ked f`sdò`}wkjewkld lb wh` NGY y`s hèg gk}wskcpwkld} bls wh` @P*3> edg

@P*50 DPW] 3 s`nkld} bls wh` {ès} 5;;0 edg 3990 k} gk}yoe{`g

kd wh` blool~kdn nps`}$

Bknps` 81 NGY,hèg (@P*3>:599+1 Gk}wskcpwkld @P*3>

DPW] 3 s`nkld}/ 5;;0*3990/ Nep}}ked f`sdò }wkjewkld


Bknps` ;1 NGY,hèg (@P*50:599+1 Gk}wskcpwkld @P*50 DPW]

3 s`nkld}/ 5;;0*3990/ Nep}}ked f`sdò `}wkjewkld


Wh` `rlopwkld lb wh` gk}wskcpwkld} c`w~``d 5;;0 edg 3990kdgkmew`} e mldr`sn`dm` yslm`}} ew ~lsf bls clwh wh` @P*50 edg

@P*3>$ Bsùp`dmk`} eslpdg wh` jèd }kndkmedwo{ kdmsè}`/ ~hko`

wh`{ w`dg wl g`msè}` bls reop`} còl~ 89% edg eclr` 539% lbwh` @P er`sen`$ Kd eggkwkld/ bls wh` @P*3>/ wh` `}wkjewkld s`rèo}

ed `rlopwkld bslj e ckjlgeo wl e pdkjlgeo gk}wskcpwkld$ Whk} k}

yeswkmpoeso{ kdw`s`}wkdn e} jl}w edeo{}k} heg kdg``g g`w`mw`g e

ckjlgeo gk}wskcpwkld bslj wh` 5;89} whslpnh wl wh` `dg lb wh`

5;;9}/ oègkdn wl wh` mldmop}kld whew e yloesk}ewkld yslm`}} ~e}

wefkdn yoem` kd @psly`/ ~kwh e mopc lb ylls s`nkld} mldr`snkdn

wl~esg} e ol~ }wèg{*}wew` (eslpdg 79% lb wh` @P er`sen` kd

nps` 8+ edg edlwh`s mopc lb skmh`s s`nkld} mldr`snkdn wl~esg}

e hknh }wèg{*}wew` (eslpdg 559% lb wh` @P er`sen` kd nps` 8+$

Wh` }hey` lb wh` gk}wskcpwkld kd 3990 dl oldn`s }hl~} }knd} lb

yloesk}ewkld/ jefkdn wh` }m`deskl lb resklp} mldr`sn`dm` mopc}

ejldn @P s`nkld} o`}} okfò{$

Mpjpoewkr` bsùp`dm{ edeo{}k}

Wh` mpjpoewkr` bsùp`dm{ k} wh` y`sm`dwen` lb lc}`srewkldeo

pdkw} bls ~hkmh wh` s`mlsg reop` beoo} còl~ e s`b`s`dm` reop`$

]hes` lb JOG `xyoekd`g c{1 5;;0 5;;2 5;;> 5;;8 5;;; 3999

Kdwse nslpy kdùpeokwk`} 37% 32% 32% 3>% 3>% 3;%

Kdw`s nslpy kdùpeokwk`} >2% >7% >7% >=% >=% >5%

]hes` lb JOG `xyoekd`g c{1 3995 3993 399= 3997 3990

Kdwse nslpy kdùpeokwk`} =9% =3% ==% =0% =>%

Kdw`s nslpy kdùpeokwk`} >9% 28% 2>% 20% 2=%

9

9$993

9$997

9$992

9$998

9$95

9$953

9$957

9$952

9

39

79

29

89

599

539

579

529

589

399

339

379

329

389

=99

=39

=79

=29

=89

5;;0 3990Bsùp`dm{

NGY,hèg

9

9$990

9$95

9$950

9$93

9$930

9

39

79

29

89

599

539

579

529

589

399

339

379

329

389

=99

=39

=79

=29

=89

5;;03990Bsùp`dm{

NGY,hèg


8/20;

Bls `xejyo`/ Bknps` 59 s`ylsw} wh` mpjpoewkr` bsùp`dm{gk}wskcpwkld} lb NGY y`s hèg bls wh` @P*3> DPW] 3 s`nkld} kd

5;;0 edg 3990$ Kd 5;;0/ wh` mpjpoewkr` bsùp`dm{ lb wh` NGY,

hèg o`rò mlss`}yldgkdn wl 09% lb wh` @P er`sen` ~e} eclpw

9$55/ jèdkdn whew 55% lb wh` lc}`srewkld (k$`$ s`nkld}+ heg e

NGY y`s hèg còl~ 09% lb wh` @P er`sen`$ Kd 3990/ whk} nps`

gslyy`g wl 8%$

Kd n`d`seo/ wh` }w``y`s wh` mpsr` s`ys`}`dwkdn wh` mpjpoewkr`

bsùp`dm{ eslpdg wh` jèd/ wh` o`}} wh` gk}wskcpwkld bèwps`}

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c`w~``d wh`}` w~l gew`}$ Wh` }ej` w{y` lb `rlopwkld k} dlw`g

~h`d xejkdkdn wh` mpjpoewkr` bsùp`dm{ gk}wskcpwkld} lb NGY

y`s hèg bls wh` @P*50 DPW] 3 s`nkld} (nps` 55+$

Bknps` 591 NGY,hèg (@P*3>:599+1 Mpjpoewkr` bsùp`dm{

gk}wskcpwkld/ @P*3> DPW] 3 s`nkld}/ 5;;0*3990


Bknps` 551 NGY,hèg (@P*50:599+1 Mpjpoewkr` bsùp`dm{

gk}wskcpwkld/ @P*50 DPW] 3 s`nkld}/ 5;;0*3990


]eow`s nseyh}3

Whk} j`whlg mld}k}w} kd sedfkdn s`nkld} eoldn wh` hlskqldweo exk}

emmlsgkdn wl wh`ks NGY y`s hèg edg s`ylswkdn wh` mlss`}yldgkdn

o`rò lb NGY y`s hèg ld wh` r`swkmeo exk} bls e ce}` {ès$ Wh`d

c{ hlogkdn wh` ce}` {ès sedf yl}kwkld} lb s`nkld} mld}wedw ld

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bls }pc}ùp`dw {ès}$ E} e s`}pow/ ed{ }kndkmedw mhedn`} kd wh`

s`nkldeo gk}wskcpwkld lb NGY y`s hèg c`mlj` rk}kco`$ Kd eggkwkld/

s`nkld} med c` kg`dwk`g edg wh`ks y`sblsjedm` mljyes`g$

]pmh nseyh} med c` p}`g wl g`w`mw yeww`sd} lb y`s}k}w`dm` ls

nsegpeo mhedn` kd wh` s`nkldeo gk}wskcpwkld lb NGY y`s hèg$ Kd

yeswkmpoes/ wh` jls` hlskqldweo wh` }`sk`}/ wh` jls` kw s``mw} e

gk}wskcpwkld ~h`s` gk}yeskwk`} es` okjkw`g$

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3 s`nkld}/ mljyeskdn wh` gk}wskcpwkld} lb wh`ks NGY y`s hèg kd

5;;0 edg 3990$

Bknps` 531 NGY,hèg (@P*3>:599+1 ]eow`s nseyh/ DPW]

3 s`nkld}/ 5;;0*3990


Ed kdkwkeo lc}`srewkld k} wh` n`d`seo w`dg`dm{ bls wh` hlskqldweokw{

lb wh` }`sk`} wl kdmsè}` c`w~``d 5;;0 edg 3990/ s``mwkdn e

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s`nkld}$ Wh` bsùp`dm{ lb py~esg jlr`j`dw} kd wh` gk}wskcpwkld

k} kdg``g hknh`s kd wh` ol~ `dg lb wh` gk}wskcpwkld mljyes`g wlwhew lb gl~d~esg jlr`j`dw} kd wh` hknh `dg lb wh` gk}wskcpwkld$

]pmh jlr`j`dw} es` lb mlps}` dlw pdkblsj ejldn ylls edg

skmh s`nkld}$ ]lj` ylls s`nkld} }`` wh`ks sòewkr` NGY y`s hèg

g`mokd` gpskdn wh` y`sklg (whk} k} bls kd}wedm` wh` me}` bls G{wkfk

kd Ns``m` ls Hekdepw kd Cònkpj+/ ~hko` bls }lj` skmh s`nkld}/

sòewkr` NGY y`s hèg kdmsè}`} (`$n$ Kdd`s Oldgld+$

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9

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9$7

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5

959

39=9

7909

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89;9

599 5

59

539 5

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579 5

09

529 5

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589 5

;9

399 3

59

339 3

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09

329 3

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389 3

;9

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9$8

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5

959

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7909

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599 5

59

539 5

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579 5

09

529 5

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589 5

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59

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09

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09

599

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9/2059

y`s hèg=$ Hl~`r`s/ wh`{ gl dlw yslrkg` }y`mkm jè}ps`} bls

mhesemw`sk}kdn wh` gk}wskcpwkld} edg wh`ks g{dejkm} edg wh`s`bls`

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10/2055

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Y :

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a$ Kd Jesflrked w`sjkdloln{/ whk} k} meoo`g wh` jèd s}w ye}}en`wkj`$ Kw k} s`ys`}`dw`g c{ ed d x d jewskx JY~hl}` ò`j`dw kak}

wh` er`sen` wkj` d``g`g wl jlr` bslj moe}} kwl moe}}a$

Whksg/ wh` jewskx eo}l yslrkg`} kdblsjewkld ld wh` }weckokw{ lb

wh` yslm`}}/ k$`$ wh` yslceckokw{ lb s`jekdkdn kd wh` }ej` moe}}$

Yòo`nskdk (3993+ yslyl}`} wh` blool~kdn }weckokw{ kdg`x bls wh`

wsed}kwkld jewskx Ylb gkj`d}kld d1

] : Ws(Y+,d

~h`s` Ws(Y+ k} wh` wsem` lbY/ k$`$ wh` }pj lb wh` ò`j`dw} lb wh`jekd gkenldeo$ E hknh reop` lb] kdgkmew`} e }weco` yslm`}}/ k$`$ld` bls ~hkmh wh` mhedm`} wl jlr` bslj ld` mew`nls{ wl edlwh`s

es` }jeoo$

Bkdeoo{/ Yòo`nskdk (3993+ eo}l yslyl}`} e mldr`sn`dm` kdg`xkdgkmewkdn wh` yslceckokw{ whew jlr`j`dw bslj wh` lsknkdeogk}wskcpwkld wl wh` deo ld` k} kd wh` gks`mwkld lb ed kdmsè}kdn

mldr`sn`dm` wl~esg wh` jlg` lb wh` }wewkldes{ gk}wskcpwkld$

Wh` kdg`x k} mljypw`g c{ mljyeskdn wh` }pj lb wh` yslceckokw{

reop` lb mòo} kd wh` jewskx jlgeo mlopjd edg kd wh` mòo} kdmopg`g

c`w~``d whk} mlopjd edg wh` jekd gkenldeo bslj ld` }kg` edg wh`

lyyl}kw` gkenldeo bslj wh` lwh`s }kg` wl wh` }pj lb yslceckokwk`}

kd wh` ~hlo` jewskx$ Wh` hknh`s wh` reop` bls whk} kdg`x/ whòl~`s wh` gk}y`s}kld kd wh` deo gk}wskcpwkld edg wh` o`}} okfò{

e oldn*spd gk}wskcpwkld mhesemw`sk}`g c{ yloesk}ewkld ld }`r`seo

jlg`} ~koo lmmps$

Eyyo{kdn wh`}` mldm`yw} wl lps `xejyo` {kòg} wh` blool~kdn

s`}pow}1

\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\7 E Jesflr mhekd k} `snlgkm kb kw k} yl}}kco` wl nl bslj `r`s{ }wew` (gk}wskcpwkld+ wl ed{ lwh`s }wew` kd e dkw` dpjc`s lb }w`y}$ @snlgkmkw{ edg wh` `xk}w`dm` lb e }wewkldes{ gk}wskcpwkld k} `d}ps`g ~h`d wh`jlgpop} lb wh` }`mldg `kn`dreop` lb wh` wsed}kwkld jewskx k} }wskmwo{ }jeoo`s whed 5$0 @kn`dreop`} es` e }`w lb }y`mkeo }meoes} e}}lmkew`g ~kwh e okdès }{}w`j lb ùpewkld} (whew med eo~e{} c` ~skww`d p}kdn e jewskx+$ Kb wh` }{}w`j lb ùpewkld} s`ys`}`dw} wh` `rlopwkld lb ed lca`mw (h`s` egk}wskcpwkld+ kd wkj`/ `kn`dreop`} mldr`{ kdblsjewkld mldm`sdkdn kw} g{dejkm} (`$n$ `xk}w`dm` lb e }wèg{*}wew`/ }y``g lb mldr`sn`dm`+

Mew nls k } 9*09 09*>0 >0*599 599*509 509*

Y`sm`dwen` lb @P*3>s`nkld} kd mew`nlsk`} 5=% 53% 30% 7=% >%

00$2%77$7%9$9%9$9%9$9%

0$7%89$3%57$7%9$9%9$9%

9$9%50$7%>2$;%>$>%9$9%

9$9%9$9%5;$7%89$2%9$9%

9$9%9$9%9$9%37$3%>0$8%

* Oln3

* Oln|3|


11/2053

Weco` =1 NGY,hèg (@P*3>:599+1 Wsed}kwkld yslceckokw{ jewskx/

@P*3> DPW] 3 s`nkld}/ 5;;0*39902


Wh` wsed}kwkld yslceckokw{ jewskx kdgkmew`} e sòewkr` y`s}k}w`dm` lb wh` gk}wskcpwkld$ Wh` reop`} ld wh` gkenldeo es` upkw` hknh/

}pnn`}wkdn e hknh yslceckokw{ lb s`jekdkdn kd wh` }ej` moe}} lb NGY y`s hèg$ Whk} k} }pjjesk}`g c{ }weckokw{ kdg`x ] ~hkmh wef`}wh` reop` lb 9$>7$ Hl~`r s/ y`s}k}w`dm` k} o`}} ysldlpdm`g ew wh` `dg moe}}`} lb wh` gk}wskcpwkld$ Kd yeswkmpoes/ 37$3% lb wh` ylls`}w

s`nkld} kd 5;;0 jlr`g py wl wh` d`xw mew`nls{ kd 3990/ ~hko` 5;$7% lb wh` s`nkld} kd moe}} V09*>0Z kd 5;;0 jlr`g wl moe}} V>0*599Z kd

3990$ Kd n`d`seo/ bls s`nkld} ~kwh NGY y`s hèg ol~`s whed 599% lb wh` @P er`sen`/ jlr`j`dw} wl~esg} pyy`s mew`nlsk`} es` jpmhjls` bsùp`dw whed jlr`j`dw} gl~d/ wh` s`r`s}` c`kdn wsp` bls s`nkld} ~kwh NGY y`s hèg eclr` whk} whs`}hlog$

Whk} }hl~} e mldr`sn`dm` yslm`}} ~h`s` ylls`s s`nkld} mewmh py ld wh` skmh`s ld`}/ wh` gk}wskcpwkld `rlorkdn wl~esg} ld` ~kwh

ol~`s bsùp`dmk`} ew wh` weko}/ e} moèso{ kdgkmew`g c{ wh` }wewkldes{ gk}wskcpwkld$ Wh` gk}wskcpwkld k} wh`s`bls` okfò{ wl bèwps` b`~`s

gk}yeskwk`} kd wh` oldn*spd ~kwh e mldm`dwsewkld lb lc}`srewkld} kd wh` m`dwseo mew`nlsk`}$ Whk} k} mldsj`g c{ wh` mldr`sn`dm`

kdg`x/ jè}pskdn wh` yslceckokw{ lb }we{kdn ls jlrkdn wl e mòo whew kdmsè}`} mldr`sn`dm` (9$79 bls mldr`sn`dm` wl~esg} wh` moe}}

V599*509Z6 9$=2 bls mldr`sn`dm` wl~esg} wh` moe}} V>0*599Z+$

Hl~`r`s/ mldr`sn`dm` wl~esg} wh` }wewkldes{ gk}wskcpwkld k} sewh`s }ol~ ~kwh e heob*okb` lb =$; y`sklg} lb 59 {ès}$ Wh` whkmfd`}}

lb wh` }{}w`j k} eo}l ~òo meywps`g c{ wh` jèd s}w ye}}en` wkj`$ Wh` ò`j`dw} lpw}kg` wh` jekd gkenldeo lb JY kdgkmew` whew

wh` wsed}kwkld} wl lwh`s mew`nlsk`} es` sòewkrò{ }ol~/ wh` ol~`s ye}}en` wkj` c`kdn 7$5= y`sklg} bslj moe}} V9*09Z wl moe}} V09*>0Z$

Hl~`r`s/ wh` yem` lb wsed}kwkld k} }{}w`jewkmeoo{ hknh`s bls ol~ NGY y`s hèg moe}}`}/ ~hko` jlr`j`dw} py es` n`d`seoo{ be}w`s whed

jlr`j`dw} gl~d$

Wh`}` s`}pow} es` kd okd` ~kwh wh` mldr`sn`dm yslm }} whew ~e} g`w`mw`g ew wh` o`rò lb wh` @P*3> s`nkld} p}kdn wh` }pjjes{ jè}ps`}

g`}mskc`g kd wh` ys`m`gkdn }`mwkld$ Ld wh` mldwses{/ ~hko` wh` edeo{}k} lb gk}yeskwk`} ejldn wh` @P*50 ce}`g ld }pjjes{ jè}ps`}

o`g wl wh` mldmop}kld whew wh` mldr`sn`dm` yslm`}} heg mlj` wl ed dg c{ wh` jkg 5;;9}/ wh` xejkdewkld lb wh` gk}wskcpwkld s`rèo}

kjylswedw jlr`j`dw} whew wh` s}w w{y` lb jè}ps`} beko`g wl g`w`mw$ Jesflr mhekd edeo{}k} mldgpmw`g ld wh` @P*50 s`nkld} k}

}pjjesk}`g kd wh` blool~kdn weco`$

\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\2 Kd wh` me}` lb wh` @P*50/ wh` s}w mew`nls{ heg wl c` }`w wl V9*29Z bls herkdn `dlpnh lc}`srewkld} kd whk} sedn` lb NGY y`s hèg$ $

Wsed}kwkld yslceckokw{ jewskx

3990

NGY,hèg Y`sm`dwen` lb s`nkld} 9*09 09*>0 >0*599 599*509 509*

9*09 5=% >0$8% 37$3% 9$9% 9$9% 9$9%

09*>0 53% 9$9% 89$2% 5;$7% 9$9% 9$9%

>0*599 30% 9$9% >$>% >2$;% 50$7% 9$9%

599*509 7=% 9$9% 9$9% 57$7% 89$3% 0$7%

5;;0

509* >% 9$9% 9$9% 9$9% 77$7% 00$2%

]pjjes{ }wewk}wkm}9*09 09*>0 >0*599 599*509 509*

]wewkldes{ gk}wskcpwkld 9% 50% =;% 75% 0%

Heob*okb` =$; y`sklg}

] 9$>7

M599*509 9$79

M>0*599 9$=2

Jèd s}w ye}}en` wkj` 9*09 09*>0 >0*599 599*509 509*

9*09 ;$95! 5950 7$5= ;$3; 58$=8 25$59

09*>0 =$>3! 5952 2$0= 0$5> 57$30 02$;>

>0*599 =$>3! 5952 38$02 3$0; ;$98 05$85

599*509 =$>3! 5952 =2$=7 >$>8 3$7= 73$>3

509* =$>3! 5952 =8$0; 59$9= 3$30 5;$;;


12/205=

Weco` 71 NGY,hèg (@P*50:599+1 Wsed}kwkld yslceckokw{ jewskx/

@P*50 DPW] 3 s`nkld}/ 5;;0*3990>


Wh` y`s}k}w`dm` lb wh` gk}wskcpwkld k} o`}} whed ~h`d wefkdn wh` @P*3> s`nkld} kdwl emmlpdw$ Wh` }weckokw{ kdg`x ] k} ldo{ 9$2; ~hkmhk} jekdo{ `xyoekd`g c{ wh` ol~ reop`} lc}`sr`g ld wh` gkenldeo bls wh` ol~`s NGY y`s hèg moe}}`} edg }kndkmedw jlr`j`dw} wl

pyy`s mew`nlsk`}$ Kdg``g/ 70$0% (s`}y`mwkrò{ =8$;%+ lb wh` s`nkld} kd wh` moe}} V9*29Z (s`}y`mwkrò{ V29*>0Z+ jlr`g wl wh` d`xw moe}}

lr`s wh` y`sklg 5;;0*3990$ Wh` }wewkldes{ gk}wskcpwkld }hl~} whew ~hko` jl}w lb wh` mldr`sn`dm` he} eosèg{ wef`d yoem` bls wh`moe}}`} lb NGY y`s hèg eclr` >0% lb wh` @P er`sen`/ wh` yslm`}} k} }wkoo pdg`s~e{ bls wh` ol~`s moe}}`} edg k} xy`mw`g wl mldwkdp`

kd wh` bpwps`$ Wh` mldr`sn`dm` kdg`x k} 9$7= bls wh` moe}} V599*509Z edg 9$79 bls wh` moe}} V>0*599Z+$

Mldr`sn`dm` wl~esg} wh` }wewkldes{ gk}wskcpwkld k} `r`d }ol~`s whed bls wh` @P*3> ~kwh e heob*okb` lb 7$0 y`sklg}$ Hl~`r`s/ bls ol~

NGY y`s hèg mew`nlsk`}/ wsed}kwkld} es` be}w`s/ wh` ol~`s ye}}en` wkj` c`kdn 3$3 y`sklg} bslj wh` moe}} V9*29Z wl wh` moe}} V29*>0Z$

E} bls wh` @P*3>/ jlr`j`dw} py es` be}w`s whed jlr`j`dw} gl~d$

Wh` s`}pow} lb wh` Jesflr mhekd edeo{}k} kdgkmew` whew/ eowhlpnh ew e }ol~ yem`/ e mldr`sn`dm yslm`}} he} g`dkw o{ wef`d yoem` ejldn

@P*50 s`nkld} bls wh` y`sklg mld}kg`s`g$ Whk} w`dg`dm{ k} hl~`r`s dlw meywps`g c{ wh` enns`new` kdùpeokw{ jè}ps`} s`rk`~`g kd

wh` ys`m`gkdn }`mwkld$ Wh` `xyoedewkld k} whew wh` dpjc`s lb s`nkld} kd wh` ol~`s mew`nlsk`} k} sòewkrò{ }jeoo edg `r`d kb/ ~kwhkd

wh` @P*50/ ylls s`nkld} es` seykgo{ mewmhkdn py/ wh`ks ~`knhw k} wll }jeoo bls whk} jlr`j`dw wl c` s``mw`g kd }pjjes{ jè}ps`}$

Wh` g{dejkm} lb wh` wsed}kwkld k} dlw d`m`}}esko{ mld}wedw kd wkj` edg gk`s`dw y`sklg} lb wkj` je{ c` mhesemw`sk}`g c{ jls` ls o`}}

seykg jlr`j`dw} wefkdn yoem` ~kwhkd wh` gk}wskcpwkld$ Ld` ~e{ wl xejkd` whk} k}}p` k} wl g`mljyl}` wh` y`sklg lb `xejkdewkld kd

gk`s`dw }pc*y`sklg} edg mh`mf kb wh` g{dejkm} lb wh` }{}w`j mhedn`} bslj ld` }pc*y`sklg wl wh` lwh`s$ ` wh`s`bls` mljyo`w` wh`

edeo{}k} c{ mld}kg`skdn wh` w~l }pc*y`sklg} 5;;0*3999 edg 3999*3990$ Wh` blool~kdn weco` gk}yoe{} wh` }pjjes{ }wewk}wkm} lcwekd`g

bls wh` s`}y`mwkr` wsed}kwkld yslceckokw{ jewskm`}$

\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\>Upeh (5;;=+ ls O`neool (3997+ sò{ ld e gk`s`dw j`whlg bls mljypwkdn wh` wsed}kwkld yslceckokw{ jewskx ~h`s` mòo ka k} wh` dpjc`s lb lmmpss`dm`} lb ye}}en`} bslj moe}} k wl moe}} a gpskdn wh` ~hlo` y`sklglb lc}`srewkld$ Whk} he} wh` egredwen` lb `xyolkwkdn wh` yedò gkj`d}kld lb wh` gewe edg lb nkrkdn e jls` ys`mk}` `}wkjewkld lb wh` wsp` wsed}kwkld yslceckokwk`}$ Eglywkdn whk} eyyslemh gkg dlw oèg wl}pc}wedwkeo gk`s`dm`} kd wh` s`}pow} ys`}`dw`g h`s` edg ~` wh`s`bls` mhl}` wl jè}ps` wsed}kwkld c`w~``d wh` w~l `dg gew`} lb wh` y`sklg lb lc}`srewkld e} kw jef`} kw è}k`s wl kdw`sys`w wh` wsed}kwkldyslceckokw { jewskx$


3990

NGY,hèg Y`sm`dwen` lb s`nkld} 9*29 29*>0 >0*599 599*509 509*

9*29 0% 07$0% 70$0% 9$9% 9$9% 9$9%

29*>0 5>% 8$=% 03$8% =8$;% 9$9% 9$9%

>0*599 7=% 9$9% 2$>% >2$7% 52$;% 9$9%

599*509 =5% 9$9% 9$9% 37$2% >=$8% 5$0%

5;;0

509* =% 9$9% 9$9% 9$9% 57$=% 80$>%

]pjjes{ }wewk}wkm}9*29 29*>0 >0*599 599*509 509*

]wewkldes{ gk}wskcpwkld 9% 50% =;% 75% 0%

Heob*okb` 7$0 y`sklg}

] 9$2;

M599*509 9$7=

M>0*599 9$79

Jèd s}w ye}}en` wkj`

9*29 29*>0 >0*599 599*509 509*9*29 25$>8 3$39 0$37 53$=; 5;5$89

29*>0 5==$>3 55$== =$97 59$5; 58;$29

>0*599 50;$85 32$98 5$;2 >$50 582$02

599*509 527$=5 =9$08 7$09 3$8> 5>;$75

509* 5>5$=5 =>$08 55$09 >$99 32$2=


13/2057

Weco` 01 NGY,hèg (@P*3>:599+1 Wsed}kwkld yslceckokw{ jewskx/

]pjjes{ }wewk}wkm}/ @P*3> DPW] 3 s`nkld}/ 5;;0*3999 edg 3999*3990


Jlr`j`dw} ~kwhkd wh` gk}wskcpwkld emmò`sew`g gpskdn wh` y`sklg lb lc}`srewkld$ Eowhlpnh wh` }weckokw{ kdg`x k} kg`dwkmeo c`w~``d

wh` w~l }pc*y`sklg}/ wh` }y``g lb wh` mldr`sn`dm` yslm`}} k} hknh`s bls wh` }`mldg }pc*y`sklg/ ~kwh e heob*okb` lb 0$8 bls wh`}pc*y`sklg 3999*3990 enekd}w e heob*okb` lb 8$7 bls wh` }pc*y`sklg 5;;0*3999$

Wh` }ej` `x`smk}` mldgpmw`g bls wh` @P*50 s nkld} {kòg} wh` blool~kdn s`}pow}$

Weco` 21 NGY,hèg (@P*50:599+1 Wsed}kwkld yslceckokw{ jewskx/ ]pjjes{ }wewk}wkm}/

@P*50 DPW] 3 s`nkld}/ 5;;0*3999 edg 3999*3990


Wh` mldmop}kld} es` upeokwewkrò{ }kjkoes bls wh` @P*50 s`nkld} eowhlpnh wh` }y``g lb wh` mldr`sn`dm` yslm`}} k}/ e} `xy`mw`g/

sòewkrò{ jls` }weco`$

Wsed}kwkld yslceckokw{ jewskm`} eool~ bls kg`dwkb{kdn ~hkmh s`nkld} es` jlrkdn edg kd ~hkmh mew`nlsk`}$ Bls kd}wedm`/ wh` @P*3>

s`nkld} jlrkdn bslj wh` V9*09Z moe}} wl wh` Z09*>0Z moe}} c`w~``d 5;;0 edg 3990 es` wh` blool~kdn1 @}wldke/ Okwhpedke/ Fqy*Gpddwo

(Hpdnes{+/ ^kòflylo}fk` (Yloedg+/ Glodlo}fk` (Yloedg+/ Yljls}fk` (Yloedg+/ Cpmps`wk Koblr (Sljedke+ edg Qyegd ]olr`d}fl

(]olrefke+$

Bknps` 57 jey} jlr`j`dw} ~kwhkd @P*3> s`nkld} c`w~``d 5;;0 edg 3990$ S`nkld} es` kg`dwk`g emmlsgkdn wl whs`` bpdgej`dweo

wsed}kwkld s`nkj`}1 py~esgo{ jlcko` (ns``d+/ }wewkldes{ (lsedn`+ edg gl~d~esgo{ jlcko` (s`g+$ Wh` mew`nls{ lb NGY y`s hèg kd

5;;0 k} eo}l s`ys`}`dw`g/ gesf`s wld`} kdgkmewkdn ol~`s mew`nlsk`} lb NGY y`s hèg kd 5;;0$

]pjjes{ }wewk}wkm} wsed}kwkld 5;;0*39999*09 09*>0 >0*599 599*509 509*

]wewkldes{ gk}wskcpwkld 9% 38% 77% 30% =%


] 9$82

M>0*599 9$3;

M599*509 9$38]pjjes{ }wewk}wkm} wsed}kwkld 3999*3990

9*09 09*>0 >0*599 599*509 509*

]wewkldes{ gk}wskcpwkld 9% 55% ==% 09% 0%


] 9$80

M>0*599 9$38

M599*509 9$=9

]pjjes{ }wewk}wkm} wsed}kwkld 5;;0*39999*29 29*>0 >0*599 599*509 509*

]wewkldes{ gk}wskcpwkld 8% 5>% 75% 38% 2%

Heob*okb` 2$> y`sklg}

] 9$>;M>0*599 9$3;

]pjjes{ }wewk}wkm} wsed}kwkld 3999*39909*29 29*>0 >0*599 599*509 509*



] 9$8

M>0*599 9$=0


14/2050

Bknps` 571 NGY,hèg (@P*3>:599+1 Jeyykdn lb wsed}kwkld/ @P*3> DPW] 3 s`nkld}/ 5;;0*3990

Wh` jey s`rèo} wh` ys`gljkdedm` lb s`nkld} kd wh` }wewkldes{ s`nkj`$ Kw eo}l }hl~} whew s`nkld} kd wh` py~esgo{ (s`}y`mwkrò{

gl~d~esgo{+ jlcko` s`nkj` es` jekdo{ ylls (s`}y`mwkrò{ skmh+ s`nkld} ~hkmh g`jld}wsew`} whew mldr`sn`dm` k} kdg``g gskr`d c{

e mewmhkdn*py yslm`}}$ Dlweco` xm`ywkld} es` }lj` s`nkld} lb ]lpwh`sd Kweo{ edg Csedg`dcpsn*Dlsgl}w kd N`sjed{ ~hkmh jlr`g

bslj wh` V>0*599Z moe}} wl wh` V09*>0Z moe}}$


15/2052

S`}pow} lb Jesflr mhekd edeo{}k} es` hèrko{ g`y`dg`dw ld wh` gk}ms`w` eyyslxkjewkld lb wh` sedn` lb reop`} kdwl wh` d dld*lr`soeyykdn

moe}}`}$ Wh` mhlkm` lb wh` moe}}`} kdg``g pdkupò{ g`w`sjkd`} wh` wsed}kwkld jewskx Yedg h`dm` wh` `dwks` }`w lb s`}pow}$ Kd lsg`s wllr`smlj` }pmh e yslco`j/ }lj` epwhls} (}`` bls kd}wedm` Upeh/ 5;;>+ her` sòk`g ld e j`whlgloln{ ~hkmh }wkjew`} wh` c`nkddkdn

edg `dg lb y`sklg gk}wskcpwkld} c{ jèd} lb e }wlmhe}wkm f`sdò$ Wh` `rlopwkld lb wh` gk}wskcpwkld k} wh`d edeo{}`g ce}`g ld e rk}peo

kd}y`mwkld lb wh` whs``*gkj`d}kldeo yolw lb wh` f`sdò6 hl~`r`s dl }y`mkm jè}ps`} mhesemw`sk}kdn wh` g{dejkm} med c` g`skr`g

bslj whk} j`whlg$8 E} ed eow`sdewkr`/ wh` ys`b`s`dm` k} }lj`wkj`} wl g`d` wh` moe}}`} p}kdn wh` d upedwko`} }l whew èmh moe}} kdmopg`}wh` }ej` dpjc`s lb lc}`srewkld}$ Wh` g`dkwkld lb wh` moe}}`} k} wh`d o`}} esckwses{$ E} ed `xejyo`/ wh` blool~kdn weco`} s`ylsw wh`

s`}pow} lcwekd`g blool~kdn whk} eyyslemh bls wh` @P*50$

Weco` >1 NGY,hèg (@P*50:599+1 Wsed}kwkld yslceckokw{ jewskx/ @P*50 DPW] 3 s`nkld}/ 5;;0*3990


E upkmf mh`mf s`rèo} whew wh` s`}pow} es` dlw upeokwewkrò{ gk`s`dw bslj whl}` lcwekd`g ~kwh wh` mew`nlsk`} ys`rklp}o{ mhl}`d;$

Wh` edeo{}k} lb gk}yeskwk`} ce}`g ld n`lnseyhkmeo pdkw} jef`} }`d}` kd e }`sk`} lb mldw`xw}$ Bls kd}wedm`/ s`nkld} es` wh` jekd

blmp} lb wh` @P Mlh`}kld Ylokm{ edg kw k} wh`s`bls` o`nkwkjew` bls @P ylokm{ edeo{}w} wl xejkd` wh` sòewkr` yl}kwkld lb @P s`nkld}

kd sòewkld wl ld` edlwh`s$ Hl~`r`s/ wh` jekd mldm`sd lb wh` ylokm{ s`jekd} hpjed ~òbes` edg kd }pmh e mldw`xw/ e} pdg`sokd`g

c{ ]eoe*k*Jeswkd (3992+/ wh` edeo{}k} ce}`g ld n`lnseyhkmeo pdkw} je{ c` o`}} sò`redw kb whl}` pdkw} her` gk`s`dw ylypoewkld

}kq`}$ D`no`mwkdn whk} e}y`mw kdg``g ejlpdw} wl gl~d*~`knhwkdn wh` ~òo*c`kdn lb mkwkq`d} okrkdn kd pdkw} ~kwh oesn` ylypoewkld}$

Wl mly` ~kwh whk} k}}p`/ wh` edeo{}k} jp}w c` mldgpmw`g c{ nkrkdn ~`knhw} wl s`nkld} emmlsgkdn wl wh`ks ylypoewkld$ Weco`} 8 edg

; s`ylsw wh` s`}pow} lb wh` Jesflr mhekd edeo{}k} ce}`g ld whk} eyyslemh/ s`}y`mwkrò{ bls wh` @P*3> edg @P*50$ @emh mòo lb wh`

jewskx dl~ s`ys`}`dw} y`sm`dwen`} lb wh` ylypoewkld$ Weco` 8 bls kd}wedm` kdgkmew`} whew wh` ylypoewkld okrkdn kd s`nkld} ~kwhNGY y`s hèg còl~ 09% lb wh` @P er`sen` kd 5;;0 emmlpdw`g bls 50% lb wh` @P*3> ylypoewkld$ Ejldn whl}` mkwkq`d}/ >=% okr`

kd s`nkld} whew s`jekd`g kd wh` }ej` mew`nls{ ~hko` 3>% okr` kd s`nkld} whew jlr`g py wl wh` d`xw mew`nls{ c{ 3990$

\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\8 Wh` }`d}kwkrkw{ wl wh` mew`nlsk`} mhl}`d k} s`b`ss`g wl e} nsedpoeskw{$

; Wh` }ej` k} wsp` kb e oesn` dpjc`s lb dessl~`s mew`nlsk`} k} p}`g/ e} wh` mhesemw`sk}ewkld lb wh` g{dejkm} jl}wo{ sòk`} ld wh` p}` lb wh` `kn`dreop`} lb wh` wsed}kwkld yslceckokw{ jewskx ~hkmh c`mlj`}gk mpow wl mljypw` bls jls` whed }kx mew`nls k`}$

Wsed}kwkld yslceckokw{ jewskx3990

NGY,hèg Y`sm`dwen` lb s`nkld} 9*28$2 28$2*;9$> ;9$>*592$> 592$>*537$; 537$;*

9*28$2 39% 22$>% =5$9% 3$7% 9$9% 9$9%

28$2*;9$> 39% 53$3% 2=$7% 5;$0% 3$7% 3$7%

;9$>*592$> 39% 9$9% 3=$8% =0$>% =0$>% 7$8%

592$>*537$; 39% 9$9% 3$7% =5$>% 7=$;% 33$9%

5;;0

537$;* 39% 9$9% 9$9% 3$7% 32$3% >5$7%

]pjjes{ }wewk}wkm}9*28$2 28$2*;9$> ;9$>*592$> 592$>*537$; 537$;*

]wewkldes{ gk}wskcpwkld 3=% 30% 32% 5>% ;%

Heob*okb` 0$= y`sklg}

] 9$23

M;9$>*592$> 9$=7

Jèd s}w ye}}en` wkj` 9*28$2 28$2*;9$> ;9$>*592$> 592$>*537$; 537$;*

9*28$2 53$22 =$87 ;$32 5=$90 39$3>

28$2*;9$> =7$5= 7$2= 2$>7 59$=; 5>$07

;9$>*592$> 70$;0 55$83 7$;3 0$>9 5=$89

592$>*537$; 09$92 50$;7 0$=> =$;= 59$=7

537$;* 0=$33 5;$59 8$73 =$;> 7$97


16/205>

Weco` 81 NGY,hèg (@P*3>:599+1 Wsed}kwkld yslceckokw{ jewskx/ @P*3> DPW] 3 s`nkld}/ 5;;0*3990


Weco` ;1 NGY,hèg (@P*50:599+1 Wsed}kwkld yslceckokw{ jewskx/ @P*50 DPW] 3 s`nkld}/ 5;;0*3990



3990

NGY,hèg Y`sm`dwen` lb ylypoewkld 9*09 09*>0 >0*599 599*509 509*

9*09 50% >=$9% 3>$9% 9$9% 9$9% 9$9%

09*>0 59% 9$9% 20$=% =7$>% 9$9% 9$9%

>0*599 35% 9$9% 5>$3% 22$0% 52$=% 9$9%

599*509 77% 9$9% 9$9% 55$2% 8=$0% 7$;%

5;;0

509* 59% 9$9% 9$9% 9$9% 75$=% 08$>%

]pjjes{ }wewk}wkm}9*09 09*>0 >0*599 599*509 509*


Heob*okb` =$2 y`sklg}

] 9$2;

M599*509 9$7=

M>0*599 9$=2

Jèd s}w ye}}en` wkj` 9*09 09*>0 >0*599 599*509 509*

9*09 7$09! 5950 =$>5 2$0; 50$>2 08$95

09*>0 5$2>! 5952 2$39 3$88 53$90 07$=5

>0*599 5$2>! 5952 50$95 =$9> ;$5> 05$73

599*509 5$2>! 5952 37$2> ;$22 3$58 73$30

509* 5$2>! 5952 3>$9; 53$9; 3$73 58$7=


3990

NGY,hèg Y`sm`dwen` lb ylypoewkld 9*09 09*>0 >0*599 599*509 509*9*09 2% 08$8% 75$3% 9$9% 9$9% 9$9%

09*>0 52% 7$;% 05$0% 7=$2% 9$9% 9$9%

>0*599 73% 9$9% ;$5% >>$0% 5=$=% 9$9%

599*509 =3% 9$9% 9$9% 32$=% >5$>% 3$9%

5;;0

509* 7% 9$9% 9$9% 9$9% 32$5% >=$;%

]pjjes{ }wewk}wkm}9*09 09*>0 >0*599 599*509 509*

]wewkldes{ gk}wskcpwkld 5% 53% 02% 38% 3%


] 9$2>

M599*509 9$77M>0*599 9$7=

Jèd s}w ye}}en` wkj` 9*09 09*>0 >0*599 599*509 509*

9*09 >9$>2 3$7= 0$99 57$32 580$27

09*>0 52;$7> 8$05 3$0> 55$8= 58=$35

>0*599 582$7= 52$;2 5$>8 ;$32 589$27

599*509 5;9$03 35$90 7$59 =$05 5>5$=8

509* 5;7$=2 37$8; >$;= =$8= 70$2;


17/20

S`}pow} es` upeokwewkrò{ }kjkoes wl whl}` lcwekd`g ld wh` ce}k}

lb n`lnseyhkmeo pdkw}$ Hl~`r`s ~` med }`` whew wh` }y``g lb

wh` mldr`sn`dm` yslm`}} ~kwh @P*50 s`nkld} k} }oknhwo{ hknh`s

~h`d p}kdn e ylypoewkld ce}k}$ Whk} }kjyo{ s``mw} wh` bemwwhew jlr`j`dw} wl~esg} wh` }wewkldes{ gk}wskcpwkld her` lder`sen` c``d jls` bsùp`dw bls s`nkld} ~kwh sòewkrò{ oesn`

ylypoewkld}$

Bkdeoo{/ s`m`dw mldwskcpwkld} her` kdwslgpm`g e }yewkeo gkj`d}kld

kdwl Jesflr mhekd edeo{}k} lb s`nkldeo gk}yeskwk`} (}`` S`{/ 3995/

O`neool 3995 ls Aedkfe} edg S`{/ 3990+$ Wh` lca`mwkr` k} wl emmlpdwbls wh` yl}}kckokw{ whew wh` wsed}kwkld lb e yeswkmpoes s`nkld k}kdp`dm`g c{ kw} olmewkld edg kd yeswkmpoes wh` y`sblsjedm` lb kw}

d`knhclps}$ Py~esg jlr`j`dw} med bls kd}wedm` c` hejy`s`g

(berlps`g+ c{ c`kdn olmew`g ~kwhkd e sòewkrò{ g`ys`}}`g(g{dejkm+ drksldj`dw$ S`}pow} lb }pmh edeo{}k} mldsj e }wsldn

kdp`dm` lb n`lnseyh{ ld wh` mldr`sn`dm` yslm`}} ejldn @P

s`nkld}$ Wh`{ eo}l }hl~ whew kdwses`nkldeo (k$`$ ~kwhkd nslpy}

lb d`knhclpskdn s`nkld}+ k} jpmh }wsldn`s whed kdw`ss`nkldeo

(k$`$ c`w~``d nslpy} lb d`knhclpskdn s`nkld}+ mldr`sn`dm`$ Whk}

eyyslemh k} c`{ldg wh` }mly` lb whk} yey`s cpw m`swekdo{ ly`d}

r`s{ ysljk}kdn er`dp`} bls bpwps` s`}èsmh$

0$ Mldmop}kld}

Whk} yey`s he} s`rk ~`g e dpjc`s lb j`whlg} edg kd}wspj`dw}

g`ròly`g bls wh` edeo{}k} lb mldljkm edg,ls }lmkeo kdùpeokwk }

edg whew med c` p}`g bls xejkdkdn gk}yeskwk`} ejldn @P s`nkld}$

Ld` lca`mwkr` lb wh` yey`s ~e} wl yslgpm` ed pygew` edeo{}k} lb

wh` mldr`sn`dm` yslm`}} ejldn @P s`nkld} kd oknhw lb e yedò

lb wh`}` kd}wspj`dw}$ Edlwh`s ~e} wl }hl~ whew kd}wspj`dw}res{ }kndkmedwo{ kd w`sj} lb wh`ks }y`mkmkwk`} edg upeokwk`} edg

whew kw k} wh`s`bls` kjylswedw wl c` e~es` lb wh`ks okjkw} ~h`d

jè}pskdn wh` `xw`dw edg `rlopwkld lb s`nkldeo gk}yeskwk`} ~kwhkd

wh` @P$ E }pjjes{ lb wh` jekd ysly`swk`} lb wh` mldr`sn`dm` edgkdùpeokw{ jè}ps`} s`rk`~`g k} kdmopg`g kd wh` eyy`dgkx$

Jls` }y`mkmeoo{/ kw he} c``d }ws`}}`g whew ~hko` }pjjes{jè}ps`} je{ c` yeswkmpoeso{ mldr`dk`dw bls }{dwh`}k}kdn mljyo`x

kdblsjewkld/ wh`{ s`jekd cokdg wl e dpjc`s lb e}y`mw} whew med

c` mskwkmeo ~h`d kw mlj`} wl e}}`}}kdn mldr`sn`dm` ejldns`nkld}$ Wh` yey`s he} whp} `xw`dg`g wh` edeo{}k} lb gk}yeskwk`}

ejldn @P s`nkld} c{ sò{kdn ld j`whlg}/ }pmh e} Jesflr mhekd

edeo{}k}/ whew eool~ bls wsemfkdn kdgkrkgpeo jlr`j`dw} ~kwhkd wh`

gk}wskcpwkld lb s`nkldeo NGY y`s hèg$ Whk} s`}pow`g kd eggkdn

reopeco` kdblsjewkld mldm`sdkdn wh` j`mhedk}j} ew ~lsf kd

wh` mldr`sn`dm` yslm`}}$ Jl}w kjylswedwo{/ wh` xejkdewkld lbwh` gk}wskcpwkld g{dejkm} }pnn`}w`g whew mldr`sn`dm` ejldn

@P s`nkld} k} }wsldn`s whed whew ~hkmh k} kdgkmew`g c{ }pjjes{

jè}ps`}$ Kd yeswkmpoes/ kw s`rèo`g whew mldr`sn`dm` k} wefkdn

yoem` `r`d ~kwhkd nslpy} lb s`nkld} okf` wh` @P*50 bls ~hkmh }pmh

jlr`j`dw s`jekd`g pdg`w`mw`g c{ }pjjes{ jè}ps`}$

Whk} meoo} bls e yspg`dw ewwkwpg` ~h`d gse~kdn mldmop}kld} ce}`g

ld whk} w{y` lb kd}wspj`dw$ C{ }pjjesk}kdn wh` gk}y`s}kld lb wh`

gk}wskcpwkld kdwl ld` jè}ps`/ wh`{ kdg``g yslrkg` mldr`dk`dw

edg hòybpo kdgkmewls}$ Hl~`r`s/ wh`{ beko wl meywps` jlr`j`dw}

whew je{ c` sòewkrò{ }jeoo kd }wewk}wkmeo w`sj} cpw es` d`r`swhò`}}

lb kjylswedm` bslj e ylokm{ ylkdw lb rk`~$

Wh`}` s`}pow} eo}l pdg`sokd` whew wh` edeo{}k} lb mldr`sn`dm` k}

kd bemw mljyo`x$ ]`sklp} e}}`}}j`dw} lb mldr`sn`dm` meddlw c`

ce}`g ld e }kdno` jè}ps` cpw sewh`s ld e yedò lb kd}wspj`dw}

edg e }lpdg kdw`sys`wewkld lb wh`ks s`}pow}/ wefkdn kdwl emmlpdwwh`ks mljyo`j`dweskwk`}$ Bkdeoo{/ `r`d kb wh` edeo{}k} lb s`nkldeo

gk}yeskwk`} k} mldgpmw`g whlslpnho{/ kw }e{} okwwo` eclpw wh```mwkr`d`}} lb @P Mlh`}kld Ylokm{$ F``ykdn wsemf lb s`nkldeo

gk}yeskwk`} edg jldkwlskdn wh`ks `rlopwkld k} g`dkwò{ lb f`{kjylswedm` bls wh` g`}knd edg jeden`j`dw lb Mlh`}kld Ylokm{$

Hl~`r`s/ kw jp}w c` f`yw kd jkdg whew wh` edeo{}k} lb gk}yeskwk`}/

~h`wh`s ylkdwkdn wl wh` ys`}`dm` ls ec}`dm` lb mldr`sn`dm`/

n`d`seoo{ meddlw c` p}`g wl kdb`s sj mldmop}kld} mldm`sdkdn

wh` }pmm`}} ls bekops` lb wh` ylokm{$ Bls whk}/ kw k} d`m`}}es{ wlyslm``g wl bpswh`s edeo{}k}/ dlweco{ c{ mldwslookdn lwh`s reskeco`}

okfò{ wl e`mw wh` mldr`sn`dm` yslm`}}/ e} e ysly`s `mldlj`wskm

edeo{}k} ~lpog gl$ Hl~`r`s/ nkr`d wh` mljyo`xkw{ lb Mlh`}kldYlokm{ (`$n$ wh` oesn` gkr`s}kw{ lb wh` yslnsejj`} kjyo`j`dw`g

pdg`s Mlh`}kld Ylokm{+ edg kw} yeswkmpoes kd}wkwpwkldeo mldw`xw

(`$n$ wh` bemw whew kw k} g`}knd`g edg jeden`g ~kwhkd e jpowk*o`rò

nlr`sdedm` }{}w`j+/ r`d whk} k} yslceco{ kd}p mk`dw$ Wh` sknlslp}

e}}`}}j`dw lb kw} kjyemw eo}l sùpks`} `reopewkld ew e jls` jkmsl*

`mldljkm o`rò edg wh` p}` lb eyyslyskew` mlpdw`sbemwpeo} edg

mldwslo nslpy}$

58


18/20

S`b`s`dm`}

Cesskl}/ ]$ edg ]wslco/ @$ (3990+/ Wh` G{dejkm} lb S`nkldeoKdùpeokwk`}/ @mldljkm Yey`s} lb wh` @pslyèd Mljjk}}kld/33;/ Csp}}ò}$

Cessl/ S$ edg ]eoe*k*Jeswkd/ X$ (5;;3+/ Mldr`sn`dm`/Alpsdeo lb Ylokwkmeo @mldlj{/ 599/ 33=*305$

Cepjldw/ C$/ @swps/ M$ edg O` Neool/ A$ (399=+/ ]yewkeo Mldr`sn`dm`

Mopc} edg wh` @pslyèd S`nkldeo Nsl~wh Yslm`}}/ 5;89*5;;0/ kd

Bkdno`wld/ C$ (`g$+ @pslyèd S`nkldeo Nsl~wh/ C`sokd w eo$/ ]yskdn`s/

5=5*508$

Clogskd/ O$ edg Medlre/ B$ (3995+/ Kdùpeokw{ edg Mldr`sn`dm`

kd @psly`} S`nkld}$ S`mld}kg`skdn @pslyèd S`nkldeo Ylokmk`}/

@mldljkm Ylokm{/ 52/ 39>*30=$

Ml~òo/ B$ (5;89+/ Ld wh` ]wspmwps` lb Eggkwkr` Kdùpeokw{ Jè}ps`}/

S`rk`~ lb @mldljkm ]wpgk`}/ 7>/ 035*=5$

Meyyò`d/ E$/ Me}wòoemmk/ B$/ Ben`sc`sn/ A$ edg R`s}yen`d/ C$ (399=+/

Wh` Kjyemw lb @P S`nkldeo ]pyylsw ld Nsl~wh edg Mldr`sn`dm`kd wh` @pslyèd Pdkld/ Alpsdeo lb Mljjld Jesf`w ]wpgk`}/ 75/

235*277$

Mhpdn/ F$ (5;29+/ Jesflr Mhekd} ~kwh ]wewkldes{ Wsed}kwkldYslceckokwk`}/ C`sokd/ ]yskdn`s*R`soen$

Mpegsegl*Slpse/ A$ (3995+/ S`nkldeo Mldr`sn`dm` kd wh` @pslyèd

Pdkld$ Bslj H{ylwh`}k} wl wh` Emwpeo Ws dg}/Eddeo} lb S`nkldeo]mk`dm / =0/ ===*=02$

Geoo`sce/ ]$ edg O` Neool/ A$ (3992+/ @reopewkdn wh` W`jylseo edg

wh` ]yewkeo H`w`sln`d`kw{ bls wh` @pslyèd Mldr`sn`dm` Yslm`}}/

5;89*5;;;/Alpsdeo lb S`nkldeo ]mk`dm / 72/ 32;*388$

Gpsoepb/ ]$ D$/ edg Alhd}ld/ Y$ (5;;0+/ Jpowkyo` S`nkj`} edg Msl}}*

Mlpdws{ Nsl~wh C`herklps/Alpsdeo lb Eyyok`g @mldlj`wskm}/ rlo$59(7+/ =20*87$

@mf`{ H$*B$ edg Wsmf/ J$ (3992+/ Mldr`sn`dm` lb @P*S`nkld}1 E

Okw`sewps` S`rk`~/ Gk}mp}}kld Yey`s ew wh` @mldljkm G`yeswj`dwlb wh` Pdkr`s}kw{ lb Fe}}ò/ 82,92/ Fe}}ò$

@swps/ M$/ O` Neool/ A$ edg Cepjldw/ M$ (3992+/ Wh` @pslyèdS`nkldeo Mldr`sn`dm` Yslm`}}/ 5;89*5;;0$ Gl ]yewkeo S`nkj`}

edg ]yewkeo G`y`dg`dm` Jeww`s+/ ]y`mkmewkld edg W`}wkdn lb Jesflr Mhekd

Jlgò}$ Ed Eyyokmewkld wl Mldr`sn`dm` kd wh` @pslyèd Pdkld/

Lxblsg Cpoo`wkd lb @mldljkm} edg ]wewk}wkm}/ 0;/ =80*79=$

Bkdno`wld/ C$ (399=+/ @xw`sdeokwk`}/ @mldljkm N`lnseyh{ edg]yewkeo @mldlj`wskm}$ Mldm`ywpeo edg Jlgòkdn G`ròlyj`dw}/

Kdw`sdewkldeo S`nkldeo ]mk`dm` S`rk`~/ 32/ 5;>*39>$

N`yy`sw/ F$/ Heyykmh/ J$ edg ]w`yhed/ E$ (3990+/ S`nkldeoGk}yeskwk`} kd wh` @pslyèd Pdkld1 Mldr`sn`dm` edg

Ennolj`sewkld/ GK^ lsfkdn Yey`s/ 030/ C`sokd$

Aedkfe}/ J$ edg S`{/ ]$ (3990+/ S`nkldeo mldr`sn`dm`/ kdùpeokw{/

edg }yem`/Alpsdeo lb @mldljkm N`lnseyh{/ rlo$ 0(3+/ 500*5>2$

F`j`d{/ A$ edg ]dòo/ O$ (5;>2+/ Bkdkw` Jesflr Mhekd}/ D`~ [lsf/

]yskdn`s*R`soen$

O` Neool/ A$ (3997+/ ]yem`*wkj` Edeo{}k} lb NGY Gk}yeskwk`} ejldn

@pslyèd S`nkld}$ E Jesflr Mhekd} Eyyslemh/ Kdw`sdewkldeoS`nkldeo ]mk`dm` S`rk`~/ 3>/ 5=8*52=$

Oy`q*Ceql/ @$ (399=+/ Nsl~wh edg Mldr`sn`dm` Emsl}}@mldljk`}$ Wh` @xy`sk`dm` lb wh` @pslyèd S`nkld}/ kd Bkdno`wld/

C$/ @se{gkd/ E$ edg Yemk/ S$ (`g}$+ S`nkldeo @mldljkm Nsl~wh/ ]J@}edg wh` ^kg`s @psly`/ Eog`s}hlw w eo$/ E}hnew`/ 7;*>7$

Jenskdk/ ]$ (3997+/ S`nkldeo (Gk+Mldr`sn`dm`/ kd H`dg`s}ld/ A$ R$

edg Whk}}`/ A$*B$ (`g}$+ Hedgcllf lb S`nkldeo edg Psced @mldljkm}/Ej}w`sgej `w eo$/ @o}`rk`s/ 3>75*3>;2$

Jedfk~/ D$/ Slj`s/ G$ edg ^`ko/ G$ (5;;3+/ E Mldwskcpwkld wl wh`

@jykskm} lb @mldljkm Nsl~wh/ Upesw`so{ Alpsdeo lb @mldljkm}/

59>/ 79>*7=>$

D`r`d G$ edg Nlp{`ww`/ M$ (5;;0+/ S`nkldeo Mldr`sn`dm` kd wh`

@pslyèd Pdkld/Alpsdeo lb Mljjld Jesf w ]wpgk`}/ ==/ 7>*20$

Lr`sjed/ H$ edg Ypne/ G$ (3993+/ Pd`jyol{j`dw mop}w`s} emsl}}

@psly`} s`nkld} edg mlpdwsk`}/ @mldljkm Ylokm{/ M@YS/ M@]/ J]H/rlo$ 5>(=7+/ 550*578$

Yòo`nskdk/ N$ (3993+/ Yslxkjkw{/ Yloeskqewkld/ edg Olmeo OeclsJesf`w Y`sblsjedm`}/ D`w~lsf} edg ]yewkeo @mldljkm}/ 3/505*5>=$

Upeh/ G$ (5;;=+$ @jykskmeo Msl}}*]`mwkld G{dejkm} kd @mldljkm

Nsl~wh/ @pslyèd @mldljkm S`rk`~/ =>/ (3=+/ 5=0=5=>0$

Upeh/ G$ (5;;2+/ @jykskm} bls @mldljkm Nsl~wh edg Mldr`sn`dm`/

@pslyèd @mldljkm S`rk`~/ 79/ 5=0=*5=>0$

Upeh/ G$ (5;;>+/ @jykskm} bls Nsl~wh edg Gk}wskcpwkld$]wsewkmewkld/ Yloeskqewkld edg Mldr`sn`dm` Mopc}/ Alpsdeo lb

@mldljkm Nsl~wh/ 3/ 3>*0;$

S`{/ ]$ (3995+/ ]yewkeo jykskm} bls s`nkldeo mldljkm nsl~wh edg

mldr`sn`dm`/ N`lnseyhkmeo Edeo{}k}/ == (=+/ 5;0*357$

]eoe*k*Jeswkd/ X$ (5;;2+/ S`nkldeo mlh`}kld1 @rkg`dm` edg Wh`lsk`}

lb S`nkldeo Nsl~wh edg Mldr`sn`dm`/ @pslyèd @mldljkm S`rk`~/

79/ 5=30*5=03$

]eoe*k*Jeswkd/ X$ (3992+/ Wh` ^lsog Gk}wskcpwkld lb Kdmlj`1Beookdn Ylr`sw{ edg Mldr`sn`dm`/ Y`sklg/ Upesw`so{ Alpsdeo

lb @mldljkm}/ Rlo$ MXXK/ 3/ =05*=;>$

]lol~/ S$ (5;02+/ E Mldwskcpwkld wl wh` Wh`ls{ lb @mldljkmNsl~wh/ Upesw`so{ Alpsdeo lb @mldljkm}/ >9/ 5/ 20*;7$

^lsog Cedf (5;;;+/ Kdùpeokw{1 J`whlg} edg Wllo}/ lsog Cedf}

^`c ]kw` ld Kdùpeokw{/ Ylr`sw{/ edg ]lmkl*`mldljkm Y`sblsjedm`/

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[kd/ O$/ Q`}wl}/ N$ edg Jkmhòk}/ O $ (399=+/ @mldljkm Mldr`sn`dm`

kd wh` @pslyèd Pdkld/ Alpsdeo lb @mldljkm Kdw`nsewkld/58/ 588*35=$

5;


19/20

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39

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yl}}kckokw{ lb kg`dwkb{kdn kdgkrkgpeo

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Jesflr mhekd

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kg`dwkb{kdn kdgkrkgpeo s`nkld}$


20/20

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Convergence of EU regions. Measures and evolution (Eng)/ La convergencia de las regiones de la UE...

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